On endomorphisms of power-semigroups

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeni Susanti ◽  
Joerg Koppitz
Keyword(s):  
Binary Operation ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Orthodox Semigroup ◽  
Natural Way

An involuted semilattice [Formula: see text] is a semilattice [Formula: see text] with an identity element [Formula: see text] and with an involution [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We consider involuted semilattices [Formula: see text] with an identity [Formula: see text] such that there is a subsemilattice [Formula: see text] without [Formula: see text] with the property that any [Formula: see text] belongs to exactly one of the following four sets : [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we introduce an associative binary operation [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] in the following quite natural way: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and characterize all endomorphisms of the orthodox semigroup [Formula: see text].

On Anti-Commutative Algebras and Analytic Loops

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur A. Sagle
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Lie Group ◽  
Binary Operation ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Unique Element ◽  
Commutative Algebras ◽  
Algebraic Properties

In (4) Malcev generalizes the notion of the Lie algebra of a Lie group to that of an anti-commutative "tangent algebra" of an analytic loop. In this paper we shall discuss these concepts briefly and modify them to the situation where the cancellation laws in the loop are replaced by a unique two-sided inverse. Thus we shall have a set H with a binary operation xy defined on it having the algebraic properties(1.1) H contains a two-sided identity element e;(1.2) for every x ∊ H, there exists a unique element x-1 ∊ H such that xx-1 = x-1x = e;

GENERALIZED COMPOSITIONS OF FUZZY RELATIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÓZEF DREWNIAK ◽  
KRZYSZTOF KULA
Keyword(s):  
Binary Operation ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Fuzzy Relations ◽  
Triangular Norms ◽  
Algebraic Properties

We examine compositions of fuzzy relations based on a binary operation *. We discuss the dependences between algebraic properties of the operation * and the induced sup –* composition. It is examined independently for monotone operations, for operations with idempotent, zero or identity element, for distributive and associative operations. Finally, we present consequences of these results for compositions based on triangular norms, triangular conorms and uninorms.

scholarly journals Note on Relative Homological Dimension

1958 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hochschild
Keyword(s):  
Identity Element ◽  
Homological Dimension ◽  
Relative Homological Dimension ◽  
Natural Way

Let R be a ring with identity element 1, and let S be a subring of R containing 1. We consider R-modules on which 1 acts as the identity map, and we shall simultaneously regard such R-modules as S-modules in the natural way. In [4], we have defined the relative analogues of the functors of Cartan-Eilenberg [1], and we have briefly treated the corresponding relative analogues of module dimension and global ring dimension.

Expansions of dense linear orders with the intermediate value property

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1783-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Miller
Keyword(s):  
Binary Operation ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Linear Orders ◽  
Ordered Group ◽  
Definable Sets ◽  
Noncyclic Subgroup ◽  
Preceding Paragraph ◽  
Intermediate Value ◽  
Familiar Result ◽  
Definable Function

Let ℜ be an expansion of a dense linear order (R, <) without endpoints having the intermediate value property, that is, for all a, b ∈ R, every continuous (parametrically) definable function f: [a, b] → R takes on all values in R between f(a) and f(b). Every expansion of the real line (ℝ, <), as well as every o-minimal expansion of (R, <), has the intermediate value property. Conversely, some nice properties, often associated with expansions of (ℝ, <) or with o-minimal structures, hold for sets and functions definable in ℜ. For example, images of closed bounded definable sets under continuous definable maps are closed and bounded (Proposition 1.10).Of particular interest is the case that ℜ expands an ordered group, that is, ℜ defines a binary operation * such that (R, <, *) is an ordered group. Then (R, *) is abelian and divisible (Proposition 2.2). Continuous nontrivial definable endo-morphisms of (R, *) are surjective and strictly monotone, and monotone nontrivial definable endomorphisms of (R, *) are strictly monotone, continuous and surjective (Proposition 2.4). There is a generalization of the familiar result that every proper noncyclic subgroup of (ℝ, +) is dense and codense in ℝ: If G is a proper nontrivial subgroup of (R, *) definable in ℜ, then either G is dense and codense in R, or G contains an element u such that (R, <, *, e, u, G) is elementarily equivalent to (ℚ, <, +, 0, 1, ℤ), where e denotes the identity element of (R, *) (Theorem 2.3).Here is an outline of this paper. First, we deal with some basic topological results. We then assume that ℜ expands an ordered group and establish the results mentioned in the preceding paragraph. Some examples are then given, followed by a brief discussion of analytic results and possible limitations. In an appendix, an explicit axiomatization (used in the proof of Theorem 2.3) is given for the complete theory of the structure (ℚ, <, +, 0, 1, ℤ).

ON QUOTIENT STRUCTURE OF TAKASAKI QUANDLES

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1341001 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONGJU BAE ◽  
SEONGJEONG KIM
Keyword(s):  
Abelian Group ◽  
Binary Operation ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Algebraic Properties

A Takasaki quandle is defined by the binary operation a * b = 2b - a on an abelian group G. A Takasaki quandle depends on the algebraic properties of the underlying abelian group. In this paper, we will study the quotient structure of a Takasaki quandle in terms of its subquandle. If a subquandle X of a quandle Q is a subgroup of the underlying group Q, then we can define the quandle structure on the set {X * g | g ∈ Q}, which is called the quotient quandle of Q. Also we will study conditions for a subquandle X to be a subgroup of the underlying group when it contains the identity element.

scholarly journals Green's Relations on HypG(2)

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Wattapong Puninagool ◽  
Sorasak Leeratanavalee
Keyword(s):  
Binary Operation ◽  
Green’S Relations ◽  
Operation Symbol ◽  
Green's Relations ◽  
Natural Way

AbstractA generalized hypersubstitution of type τ = (2) is a mapping which maps the binary operation symbol f to a term σ(f) which does not necessarily preserve the arity. Any such σ can be inductively extended to a map σ̂ on the set of all terms of type τ = (2), and any two such extensions can be composed in a natural way. Thus, the set HypG(2) of all generalized hypersubstitutions of type τ = (2) forms a monoid. Green's relations on the monoid of all hypersubstitutions of type τ = (2) were studied by K. Denecke and Sh.L. Wismath. In this paper we describe the classes of generalized hypersubstitutions of type τ = (2) under Green's relations.

VARIETIES OF EQUALITY STRUCTURES

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 463-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
DESMOND FEARNLEY-SANDER ◽  
TIM STOKES
Keyword(s):  
Binary Operation ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Universal Algebras ◽  
Natural Way

We consider universal algebras which are monoids and which have a binary operation we call internalized equality, satisfying some natural conditions. We show that the class of such E-structures has a characterization in terms of a distinguished submonoid which is a semilattice. Some important varieties (and variety-like classes) of E-structures are considered, including E-semilattices (which we represent in terms of topological spaces), E-rings (which we show are equivalent to rings with a generalized interior operation), E-quantales (where internalized equalities on a fixed quantale in which 1 is the largest element are shown to correspond to sublocales of the quantale), and EI-structures (in which an internalized inequality is defined and interacts in a natural way with the equality operation).

scholarly journals Pelabelan Lokal Titik Graf Hasil Diagram Lattice Subgrup Zn

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Ikhsanul Halikin
Keyword(s):  
Binary Operation ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Partial Ordering

AbstractA group is a system that contains a set and a binary operation satisfying four axioms, i.e., the set is closed under binary operation, associative, has an identity element, and each element has an inverse. Since the group is essentially a set and the set itself has subsets, so if the binary operation is applied to its subsets then it satisfies the group's four axioms, the subsets with the binary operation are called subgroups. The group and subgroups further form a partial ordering relation. Partial ordering relation is a relation that has reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive properties. Since the connection of subgroups of a group is partial ordering relation, it can be drawn a lattice diagram. The set of integers modulo n, , is a group under addition modulo n. If the subgroups of are represented as vertex and relations that is connecting two subgroups are represented as edgean , then a graph is obtained. Furthermore, the vertex in this graph can be labeled by their subgroup elements. In this research, we get the result about the characteristic of the lattice diagram of and the existence of vertex local labeling.AbstrakGrup merupakan sistem yang memuat sebuah himpunan dan operasi biner yang memenuhi 4 aksioma, yaitu operasi pada himpunannya bersifat tertutup, assosiatif, memiliki elemen identitas, dan setiap elemennya memiliki invers. Grup pada dasarnya adalah himpunan dan himpunan itu memiliki himpunan bagian. Jika operasi tersebut diberlakukan pada himpunan bagiannya dan memenuhi 4 aksioma grup maka himpunan bagian dan operasi tersebut disebut subgrup. Grup dan subgrup ini selanjutnya membentuk suatu relasi pengurutan parsial. Relasi pengurutan parsial adalah suatu relasi yang memiliki sifat refleksif, antisimetris, dan transitif. Oleh karenanya, relasi subgrup-subgrup dari suatu grup ini dapat digambar diagram latticenya. Himpunan bilangan bulat modulo n, , merupakan grup terhadap operasi penjumlahan modulo n. Jika subgrup pada direpresentasikan sebagai titik dan relasi yang menghubungkan dua buah subgrupnya direpresentasikan sebagai sisi, maka diperoleh suatu graf. Titik-titik pada graf ini dapat dilabeli berdasarkan elemen-elemen subgrupnya. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil kajian mengenai karakteristik diagram lattice subgrup dan eksistensi pelabelan lokal titiknya.

Loop-theoretic properties of H-spaces

1991 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Arkowitz ◽  
Gregory Lupton
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Classical Result ◽  
Binary Operation ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Base Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Homotopy Classes ◽  
Algebraic Loop

If X is a topological space with base point, then a based map m: X × X → X is called a multiplication if m restricted to each factor of X × X is homotopic to the identity map of X. The pair (X, m) is then called an H-space. If A is a based topological space and (X, m) is an H-space, then the multiplication m induces a binary operation on the set [A, X] of based homotopy classes of maps of A into X. A classical result due to James [6, theorem 1·1 asserts that if A is a CW-complex and (X, m) is an H-space, then the binary operation gives [A, X] the structure of an algebraic loop. That is, [A, X] has a two-sided identity element and if a, b ∈[A, X], then the equations ax = b and ya = b have unique solutions x, y ∈ [A, X]. Thus it is meaningful to consider loop-theoretic properties of H-spaces. In this paper we make a detailed study of the following loop-theoretic notions applied to H-spaces: inversivity, power-associativity, quasi-commutativity and the Moufang property – see Section 2 for the definitions. If an H-space is Moufang, then it has the other three properties. Moreover, an associative loop is Moufang, and so a homotopy-associative H-space has all four properties. Since many of the standard H-spaces are homotopy-associative, we are particularly interested in determining when an H-space, in particular a finite CW H-space, does not have one of these properties.

INEVITABILITY OF REVIVAL: PRO AND COUNTER ANTINATALISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Nikolay S. Savkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Active Subject ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Natural Way

Introduction. Radical pessimism and militant anti-natalism of Arthur Schopenhauer and David Benathar create an optimistic philosophy of life, according to which life is not meaningless. It is given by nature in a natural way, and a person lives, studies, works, makes a career, achieves results, grows, develops. Being an active subject of his own social relations, a person does not refuse to continue the race, no matter what difficulties, misfortunes and sufferings would be experienced. Benathar convinces that all life is continuous suffering, and existence is constant dying. Therefore, it is better not to be born. Materials and Methods. As the main theoretical and methodological direction of research, the dialectical materialist and integrative approaches are used, the realization of which, in conjunction with the synergetic technique, provides a certain result: is convinced that the idea of anti-natalism is inadequate, the idea of giving up life. A systematic approach and a comprehensive assessment of the studied processes provide for the disclosure of the contradictory nature of anti-natalism. Results of the study are presented in the form of conclusions that human life is naturally given by nature itself. Instincts, needs, interests embodied in a person, stimulate to active actions, and he lives. But even if we finish off with all of humanity by agreement, then over time, according to the laws of nature and according to evolutionary theory, man will inevitably, objectively, and naturally reappear. Discussion and Conclusion. The expected effect of the idea of inevitability of rebirth can be the formation of an optimistic orientation of a significant part of the youth, the idea of continuing life and building happiness, development. As a social being, man is universal, and the awareness of this universality allows one to understand one’s purpose – continuous versatile development.

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