PENETAPAN BATAS LAUT TERITORIAL INDONESIA-TIMOR LESTE DI WILAYAH LAUT TUMPANG TINDIH

Indonesia and Timor Leste in determining the overlapping territorial sea boundaries in the Ombai Strait, Wetar Strait and Timor Sea are increasingly complex and complicated because of the different baseline application rights between the two countries. The difference is that Indonesia as an archipelagic states has the right to apply normal baselines, straight baselines from point to point and straight baselines of islands, while Timor Leste as a coastal state has no right to apply archipelagic baselines but can only apply normal baselines and straight baselines. This paper aims to analyze and explain how to define the territorial sea boundaries etween Indonesia and Timor Leste in the Ombai Strait, Wetar Strait and Timor Sea This type of research is normative research with data sourced from secondary data Based on the data and analysis conducted, it can be concluded that the determination of territorial sea boundaries in the Ombai Strait, Wetar Strait and Timor Sea begins with the determination of the base point, drawing baselines and boundary lines by the Indonesia and Timor Leste However, the obstacle that will be faced by Indonesia and Timor Leste is the existence of islands in overlapping areas, which must first be determined whether or not it can be determined as the base point for drawing the baseline.

Base Point Freeness, Uniqueness of Decompositions and Double Points for Veronese and Segre Varieties

We prove a base point freeness result for linear systems of forms vanishing at general double points of the projective plane. For tensors we study the uniqueness problem for the representation of a tensor as a sum of terms corresponding to points and tangent vectors of the Segre variety associated with the format of the tensor. We give complete results for unions of one point and one tangent vector.

Implementation of a Building Sustainability Rating Tool: a Survey of the New Zealand Building Industry

<p>Building Sustainability Rating Tools (BSRTs) are being developed worldwide with considerable success. As a result their implementation has created the awareness necessary to cement their role in creating positive change. With the release of New Zealand's own BSRT, Green Star New Zealand (Green Star NZ), and the establishment of the New Zealand Green Building Council (NZGBC) this awareness was expected to strengthen. The NZGBC has stated that the implementation of Green Star NZ can only be successful if the selected tool is widely accepted, and meets the requirements of the building industry. To date, little research has been carried out into the correct implementation of a BSRT despite this being a fundamental part of a tool's overall success. Therefore, the overall aim of this research was to investigate the requirements of stakeholders and end-users including their understanding of sustainability, BSRT's and the NZGBC. The research also intended to provide a 'sustainability snapshot' of the New Zealand building industry and of the current New Zealand market, establishing a base point for future measurement. The specific objectives of the research were to investigate: -The building industry's level of awareness and the level of involvement regarding sustainability, sustainable building and BSRTs -The building industry' s existing knowledge and experience with BSRTs -How different groups within the building industry anticipate using Green Star NZ and if they are likely to seek formal certification -The building industry's understanding of the NZGBC, and its likely impact in the production of more sustainable buildings in New Zealand -The drivers, triggers, obstacles and reasons for sustainable building -The requirement for sustainable building information and the corresponding level of satisfaction regarding this information -How international research compared with the current study, allowing trends, differences and similarities to be discussed. To meet these aims and objectives a survey was developed in collaboration with the NZGBC, with the intention of acquiring a wide building industry response (e.g. property developers, building contractors, and architects). The participants were canvassed from several associated building organisations which agreed to assist in the distribution of the survey. The survey was conducted between 19 February and 12 March 2007 and ultimately received 476 responses which approximated to a response rate of 3% with a confidence interval of 95% and margin of error of plus or minus 4%. Significantly, the analyses identified a substantial difference between the level of interest and level of involvement regarding sustainability, sustainable buildings and BSRTs. This result emphasised that the building industry is much more willing to participate, and be part of a sustainable building community than may be currently perceived. Anecdotal evidence suggests BSRTs are often used primarily as 'design guides', with no intention to seek a formal rating. According to the results, using Green Star NZ as a 'design guide' was still reasonably high, however a good proportion of the industry anticipated seeking a certified rating for both 'design' and 'performance'. According to experience of the respondents, the client was considered the single most important person to drive sustainable building. Clearly, as the main financial source, the client has the final say on any proposed design, although they may not have the necessary knowledge to propose sustainable design options or even be aware of them. For this reason, a further question explored who rather 'should' be the main driver for sustainable building. The results showed rather than a single person being responsible for driving sustainable building, it should be 'an integrated process where responsibility is shared'. The main reason for sustainable building was 'rising energy costs' and emphasised the importance and increasing demand on energy production. The biggest obstacle for sustainable building was 'perceived higher upfront costs', which indicated confusion and the requirement for better information and the need for organisations such as the NZGBC to be a 'vehicle' to provide the building industry with direct and reliable information. Even though, at the time of the survey the NZGBC and Green Star NZ were in their infancy, there was a significant demand for Green Star NZ related material, such as Green Star NZ certified case study buildings, accreditation procedures and building professionals. In terms of satisfaction, the participants were clearly not content with the current level of information regarding sustainable building. Again, this lack of information reinforced the requirements for more sustainable building information, and the need for better education procedures. While aspiring to assist in the facilitation of more successful BSRT for New Zealand, the results from the research could serve to enhance the potential of Green Star NZ's success and smooth the period of transition for implementation. Furthermore the results could reinforce the relationship between the NZGBC and the wider building industry, encouraging dialogue to help develop the tool and ultimately lead to the construction of more sustainable buildings in New Zealand.</p>

Implementation of a Building Sustainability Rating Tool: a Survey of the New Zealand Building Industry

<p>Building Sustainability Rating Tools (BSRTs) are being developed worldwide with considerable success. As a result their implementation has created the awareness necessary to cement their role in creating positive change. With the release of New Zealand's own BSRT, Green Star New Zealand (Green Star NZ), and the establishment of the New Zealand Green Building Council (NZGBC) this awareness was expected to strengthen. The NZGBC has stated that the implementation of Green Star NZ can only be successful if the selected tool is widely accepted, and meets the requirements of the building industry. To date, little research has been carried out into the correct implementation of a BSRT despite this being a fundamental part of a tool's overall success. Therefore, the overall aim of this research was to investigate the requirements of stakeholders and end-users including their understanding of sustainability, BSRT's and the NZGBC. The research also intended to provide a 'sustainability snapshot' of the New Zealand building industry and of the current New Zealand market, establishing a base point for future measurement. The specific objectives of the research were to investigate: -The building industry's level of awareness and the level of involvement regarding sustainability, sustainable building and BSRTs -The building industry' s existing knowledge and experience with BSRTs -How different groups within the building industry anticipate using Green Star NZ and if they are likely to seek formal certification -The building industry's understanding of the NZGBC, and its likely impact in the production of more sustainable buildings in New Zealand -The drivers, triggers, obstacles and reasons for sustainable building -The requirement for sustainable building information and the corresponding level of satisfaction regarding this information -How international research compared with the current study, allowing trends, differences and similarities to be discussed. To meet these aims and objectives a survey was developed in collaboration with the NZGBC, with the intention of acquiring a wide building industry response (e.g. property developers, building contractors, and architects). The participants were canvassed from several associated building organisations which agreed to assist in the distribution of the survey. The survey was conducted between 19 February and 12 March 2007 and ultimately received 476 responses which approximated to a response rate of 3% with a confidence interval of 95% and margin of error of plus or minus 4%. Significantly, the analyses identified a substantial difference between the level of interest and level of involvement regarding sustainability, sustainable buildings and BSRTs. This result emphasised that the building industry is much more willing to participate, and be part of a sustainable building community than may be currently perceived. Anecdotal evidence suggests BSRTs are often used primarily as 'design guides', with no intention to seek a formal rating. According to the results, using Green Star NZ as a 'design guide' was still reasonably high, however a good proportion of the industry anticipated seeking a certified rating for both 'design' and 'performance'. According to experience of the respondents, the client was considered the single most important person to drive sustainable building. Clearly, as the main financial source, the client has the final say on any proposed design, although they may not have the necessary knowledge to propose sustainable design options or even be aware of them. For this reason, a further question explored who rather 'should' be the main driver for sustainable building. The results showed rather than a single person being responsible for driving sustainable building, it should be 'an integrated process where responsibility is shared'. The main reason for sustainable building was 'rising energy costs' and emphasised the importance and increasing demand on energy production. The biggest obstacle for sustainable building was 'perceived higher upfront costs', which indicated confusion and the requirement for better information and the need for organisations such as the NZGBC to be a 'vehicle' to provide the building industry with direct and reliable information. Even though, at the time of the survey the NZGBC and Green Star NZ were in their infancy, there was a significant demand for Green Star NZ related material, such as Green Star NZ certified case study buildings, accreditation procedures and building professionals. In terms of satisfaction, the participants were clearly not content with the current level of information regarding sustainable building. Again, this lack of information reinforced the requirements for more sustainable building information, and the need for better education procedures. While aspiring to assist in the facilitation of more successful BSRT for New Zealand, the results from the research could serve to enhance the potential of Green Star NZ's success and smooth the period of transition for implementation. Furthermore the results could reinforce the relationship between the NZGBC and the wider building industry, encouraging dialogue to help develop the tool and ultimately lead to the construction of more sustainable buildings in New Zealand.</p>

CHANGES IN THE CODE OF RULES FOR THE DESIGN OF STRUCTURES MADE OF CONCRETE WITH POLYMER COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT

The article presents information about the changes made to the code of rules for the design of concrete structures reinforced with polymer composite reinforcement. New rules for the formation of relative deformations at the base point of a two-line diagram of concrete under axial tension, used to calculate reinforced concrete elements for the second group of limit states, are described. The rules for calculating re-reinforced structures of T-or I-beam cross-sections with a shelf in a compressed zone by the method of limiting forces are presented. The rules for taking into account the inelastic properties of concrete of the stretched zone when determining the elastic- plastic moment of resistance for the extreme stretched fibre of concrete with a rectangular cross-section and a T-shape with a shelf located in the compressed zone are clarified.

A New Class of Integrable Maps of the Plane: Manin Transformations with Involution Curves

For cubic pencils we define the notion of an involution curve. This is a curve which intersects each curve of the pencil in exactly one non-base point of the pencil. Involution curves can be used to construct integrable maps of the plane which leave invariant a cubic pencil.

Manifold regularization ensemble clustering with many objectives using unsupervised extreme learning machines

Spectral clustering has been an effective clustering method, in last decades, because it can get an optimal solution without any assumptions on data’s structure. The basic key in spectral clustering is its similarity matrix. Despite many empirical successes in similarity matrix construction, almost all previous methods suffer from handling just one objective. To address the multi-objective ensemble clustering, we introduce a new ensemble manifold regularization (MR) method based on stacking framework. In our Manifold Regularization Ensemble Clustering (MREC) method, several objective functions are considered simultaneously, as a robust method for constructing the similarity matrix. Using it, the unsupervised extreme learning machine (UELM) is employed to find the generalized eigenvectors to embed the data in low-dimensional space. These eigenvectors are then used as the base point in spectral clustering to find the best partitioning of the data. The aims of this paper are to find robust partitioning that satisfy multiple objectives, handling noisy data, keeping diversity-based goals, and dimension reduction. Experiments on some real-world datasets besides to three benchmark protein datasets demonstrate the superiority of MREC over some state-of-the-art single and ensemble methods.

Bronchopulmonary Nematodes in Alpine Ibex: Shedding of First Stage Larvae Analyzed at the Individual Host Level

Pneumonia is the most frequent cause of death for Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) in Gran Paradiso National Park, (Italy). The etiology of this form of pneumonia is currently unknown and the identification of the primary etiological agent remains difficult due to biological and logistic constraints. Uncovering individual differences in Protostrongylid prevalence and intensity is important to further investigate the epidemiology of respiratory diseases and their relationship to heterozygosity and inbreeding in a once almost extinct population like C. ibex. In a group of 21 individually recognizable adult male we monitored monthly prevalence and intensity of Protostrongylid first-stage larvae using Baerman's technique from June to September 2019. First-stage larvae of 5 genera were detected. Muellerius (P = 100%, CI95% = 84–100) and Protostrongylus (P = 86%, CI95%:71–100) were two dominant genera according to Bush's importance index. Neostrongylus (P = 38%,CI95%: 17–59), Cystocaulus (P = 33%,CI95% = 13–53) were classified as co-dominant genera while Dictyocaulus filaria (P = 0.05%, CI95% = 0.04–0.13) was detected, for the first time in Alpine ibex, in one subject. Protostrongylidae larval excretion varied significantly over time, with minimum L1 excretion in July. Individual median larval intensity ranged from 4.4 lpg to 82.2 lpg with Poulin's discrepancy index showing highly aggregated distribution patterns for Muellerius spp. (D = 0.283, CI95% = 0.760–0.895) and Protostrongylus spp. (D = 0.635, CI95% = 0.580–0.705). Presented data provide the necessary base point to further investigate how lungworm infection account for the different rates of progression of pneumonia in C. ibex. Individual aggregation of larval intensity must be further evaluated to determine whether these differences mirror different levels of parasitic infection related to individual differences in immune response, hormonal-states or genetic fitness.

NORMAL FUNCTIONALS ON LIPSCHITZ SPACES ARE WEAK* CONTINUOUS

Let $\mathrm {Lip}_0(M)$ be the space of Lipschitz functions on a complete metric space M that vanish at a base point. We prove that every normal functional in ${\mathrm {Lip}_0(M)}^*$ is weak* continuous; that is, in order to verify weak* continuity it suffices to do so for bounded monotone nets of Lipschitz functions. This solves a problem posed by N. Weaver. As an auxiliary result, we show that the series decomposition developed by N. J. Kalton for functionals in the predual of $\mathrm {Lip}_0(M)$ can be partially extended to ${\mathrm {Lip}_0(M)}^*$ .