INEVITABILITY OF REVIVAL: PRO AND COUNTER ANTINATALISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Nikolay S. Savkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Active Subject ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Natural Way

Introduction. Radical pessimism and militant anti-natalism of Arthur Schopenhauer and David Benathar create an optimistic philosophy of life, according to which life is not meaningless. It is given by nature in a natural way, and a person lives, studies, works, makes a career, achieves results, grows, develops. Being an active subject of his own social relations, a person does not refuse to continue the race, no matter what difficulties, misfortunes and sufferings would be experienced. Benathar convinces that all life is continuous suffering, and existence is constant dying. Therefore, it is better not to be born. Materials and Methods. As the main theoretical and methodological direction of research, the dialectical materialist and integrative approaches are used, the realization of which, in conjunction with the synergetic technique, provides a certain result: is convinced that the idea of anti-natalism is inadequate, the idea of giving up life. A systematic approach and a comprehensive assessment of the studied processes provide for the disclosure of the contradictory nature of anti-natalism. Results of the study are presented in the form of conclusions that human life is naturally given by nature itself. Instincts, needs, interests embodied in a person, stimulate to active actions, and he lives. But even if we finish off with all of humanity by agreement, then over time, according to the laws of nature and according to evolutionary theory, man will inevitably, objectively, and naturally reappear. Discussion and Conclusion. The expected effect of the idea of inevitability of rebirth can be the formation of an optimistic orientation of a significant part of the youth, the idea of continuing life and building happiness, development. As a social being, man is universal, and the awareness of this universality allows one to understand one’s purpose – continuous versatile development.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SCHOPENHAUER’S AND NIETZSCHE’S PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHTS ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL PESSIMISM

ARHE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (33) ◽  
pp. 243-265
Author(s):  
IVICA KELAM ◽  
LUKA RAŠIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper gives a particular overview of reflections on education by two renowned philosophers of West European culture, Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche. What links their philosophy of education is the inclination towards the more complete shaping of a man. Nietzsche is a great supporter of Schopenhauer's understanding of philosophy as a philosophy of life. However, while Schopenhauer remained imprisoned in the world of pessimism, Nietzsche overcame the pessimistic view of the world with the image of a creative artist who consistently sets his life in motion, while enjoying his art of living. The thing they have in common is extreme individualism – the understanding of philosophy as the liberation of inner life. Arthur Schopenhauer perceived a man as a being of will that succumbs to laws of nature and the lower levels of humanity – will and passion. Friedrich Nietzsche saw a man as a being of will for power, emphasizing the power of the urgent and irrational one. Schopenhauer gave the pessimistic view of a man who is under the power of an unquenchable lust for life, whereas Nietzsche gave a nihilistic view of the world, in which he advocated demolishing ​​and putting an end to the old values. In Nietzsche's opinion, a nihilist is someone who sees everything as pointless and futile. Arthur Schopenhauer had a significant influence, not only on Friedrich Nietzsche but also on some other great men of his time, who mostly did not support his philosophy in its entirety. Understanding the world in Schopenhauer's way came to life at the end of the 19th century and later, primarily because of Friedrich Nietzsche. This was an era in which social sciences finally began to develop separately, but at the same time complement each other. Due to this interaction, it was possible for Schopenhauer, and through him also for Nietzsche, to have such a significant influence on the European spiritual life.

scholarly journals A living person against the laws of space: Hebrew and Ancient Greek summands of European outlook

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-107
Author(s):  
Igor Tantlevskij ◽  
Igor Evlampiev
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
True Time ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Living Person ◽  
The Universe

The article deals with the basic features of ancient Greek and ancient Jewish world outlook and analyzes their role in European history down to the 20th century. Attention is drawn to the fact that the fundamental difference of the ancient Greek worldview manifests itself in the absolute prevalence of spatial concepts, while time is understood by the model of "eternal return", the repetition of the same, rather than as a history that enriches man. In the center of the ancient Jewish worldview, on the contrary, is the idea of time as a historical process, which includes an endless dialogue between man and God, leading a person to maturity. Interpretations of the key Hebrew worldview concept of hā-ʻōlām as the Universe eternity and the Universe as duration are proposed and analyzed. The article shows that the idea inherited by Christian Europe from the ancient Greeks about the perfect arrangement of the Universe (Cosmos), conforming to the laws of nature, became the deepest reason for the domination of scientific rationality in modern civilization. At the same time the newest worldview tendencies connected with philosophy of life, intuitivism, existentialism, protecting the idea of irrational incomprehensibility of human life, can be recognized as originating from the Hebrew worldview. It was Henri Bergson who has clearly shown the opposite of these two trends within the European worldview. His concept of true time, understood as duration, memory and history, reveals striking coincidences with ancient Jewish conceptions of time and history. According to Bergson, duration is the essence of man and at the same time is the absolute being from which the Universe comes; this leads to radical anthropocentrism, which can be considered as a distant consequence of biblical anthropocentrism.

TANTANGAN PANDEMI COVID-19 DAN HOSPITALITAS PENDIDIKAN KRISTIANI DI ERA PANDEMI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Yermawati Enjhela
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Theory Research

AbstractThe challenges in today’s global word are increasingle surprising human life, especially at the end of 2019, with the emergence of a pendemic, namely the Corona Virus (Covid-19). The emergence of this pandemic raises various concerns for the world and especially for social life. Of these challenges the autor treis to provide various explanations about these challenges and in relation to how our attitudes or interactions with others, especially in the world of cristian education. This article offers an approach using qualitative approach literature in Theological theory research, and qualitive desciptive research, that the application of cristianeducational behavior in responding to chelenges in this pandemic era is the value of applying the faith of a Cristian in social relations between people in the mids of challenges. In times of this pandemic.

On the emergence of new branches in the legal system of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemko Alla ◽  
◽  
Pyndor Yulia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Regulation Method

The article analyzes the current approach to the identification of new branches in the legal system of Ukraine.The modern world does not stand still and is constantly evolving and gives impetus to the development of all spheres of human life, respectively, there are relationships that require legal regulation.Some scholars believe that in the presence of an independent subject of legal regulation, its ownmethodology of legal regulation and a set of specialized legislation, it is possible todistinguish an autonomousbranch of law. It is determined that the emergence of new branches of law is hindered by the dominant concept of the existence of only the main ones. Proponents of this concept categorically reject the possibility of the existence of relevant secondary, complex branches of law. This scientific approach inhibits the study of modern social relations. Negative attitudes towards the separation of new branches of law inevitably lead to gaps in the field of special legal research and, as a consequence, to a lack of qualified personnel with specialized knowledge. It is suggested to take into account the positive experience of foreign colleagues of lawyers who boldly present the achievements of current practices and are not afraid to consider them branches of law, we mean educational, sports, military, gender, «cryptocurrency», admiralty law and others. It is concluded that the division of law into new branches allows more effective regulation of legal relations in relevant areas, given that global trends are increasingly in demand for universal lawyers, but with specialization, with in-depth knowledge in one or more areas of law. Keywords: branch of law, subject of legal regulation, method of legal regulation, complex branch of law

scholarly journals Mistake of fact and endangering actions as circumstances which can affect differentiation of criminal responsibility for unfinished crime

2020 ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Natalia Antoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Special Part ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Severe Punishment ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Legal Consequences

 Most of the aspects of differentiation of criminal responsibility for unfinished crime though being discussional, are duly researched in the criminal scientific studies. However, the sphere of unresearched institutes exists enabling us to speak about its influence on differentiation of criminal responsibility. This institutes are the mistake of fact and so called “delicts of endangering” The purpose of this research is to analyze the differentiated influence on criminal responsibility of crimes committed with the feature of mistake of fact and of delicts of endangering. It is planned to illustrate, basing on certain examples, the importance of these institutes for differentiation of criminal responsibility. By the way, the task of this article is to reveal the shortcomings of criminal law in force and to make propositions on their removing. Up to date, taking into consideration the provisions of part 3, 4 of Article 68 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the court can`t impose punishment on person, guilty of committing a crime under effect of mistake of fact, qualified as attempt, higher than 2/3 of the maximal severe punishment (envisaged in article of special part of the Criminal Code). The court, as well, can`t (in most cases) impose life imprisonment even when the damage totally equals the damage caused by finished crime. For instance, planning to kill with mercenary motives a minor, the guilty person kills an adult. This action can’t be qualified as finished crime, as the mistake of victim occurs. Nevertheless, object of human life is objectively damaged. So, the crucial necessity to make equal between each other finished crime and crime, committed under influence of mistake of fact, is evident. Differentiating criminal responsibility in situations when damage is desired by the guilty person, the legislator in fact hasn’t bothered to duly differentiate criminal-legal consequences in case of endangering without the desire of such damage. That`s why it is of great importance to regulate by norms criminal actions which are endangering social relations with social dangerous damages, but don’t have the features of criminal aim, motive and desire of guilty person. This step can provide differentiated approach towards socially dangerous behavior, delimiting the estimation of act and consequence. It can concentrate the attention on subjective evaluation of potential consequences by guilty person, notwithstanding the factors, which often exist besides mental estimation of the subject.

scholarly journals MENJADI PENDIDIK YANG TERDIDIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Sumiati Sumiati
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Organizational Differences ◽  
Human Education

ABSTRAK Pendidikan merupakan suatu kegiatan yang universal dalam kehidupan manusia. Di manapun di dunia ini terdapat masyarakat manusia, dan di sana pula terjadi pendidikan. Walaupun pendidikan merupakan gejala umum dalam kehidupan masyarakat, namun perbedaan pandangan hidup, perbedaan falsafah hidup yang dianut oleh masing-masing bangsa atau masyarakat menyebabkan adanya perbedaan penyelenggaraan termasuk perbedaan tujuan pendidikan yang ingin dicapai oleh suatu bangsa atau masyarakat. Kegiatan pendidikan tidak dapat dilepaskan dari yang hendak dicapainya. Bagi manusia pendidikan merupakan suatu keharusan, karena manusia lahir dalam keadaan tidak berdaya, ia sangat membutuhkan bantuan dan bimbingan orang lain untuk dapat berdiri sendiri. Di samping itu manusia lahir tidak langsung dewasa yang mengidentifikasikan manusia dengan moral yang berlaku, dan manusia yang bertanggung jawab, manusia yang sanggup mempertanggungjawabkan segala konsekuensi dan perbuatannya. Oleh karena itu, perbuatan mendidik merupakan perbuatan yang mempunyai tujuan, ada suatu yang ingin dicapai dengan perbuatan tersebut. Orang tua menyuruh anaknya melaksanakan shalat lima waktu, melatih anaknya melaksanakan saum pada bulan ramadhan, melarang anaknya kencing di sembarang tempat dan sambil berdiri, menyekolahkan anaknya dan lain-lain, semuanya itu memiliki maksud dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai, khususnya bagi anaknya. Kata Kunci: Pendidik, Terdidik ABSTRACT Education is a universal activity in human life. Everywhere in the world there is human society, and there is also education. Although education is a common phenomenon in the life of the community, the differences in life views, differences in the philosophy of life adopted by individual nations or societies lead to different organizational differences, including differences in educational goals to be achieved by a nation or society. Educational activities cannot be separated from what they want to achieve. For human education is a must, because humans are born in a state of helpless, he urgently needs the help and guidance of others to be able to stand on their own. In addition man is born indirectly mature which identifies man with the prevailing morals, and responsible man, man who is able to account for all consequences and actions. Therefore, the act of educating is a purposeful act, there is something to be achieved with the action. Parents asked their children to perform the five daily prayers, to train their children to carry out fasting in Ramadan month, to forbid their children to urinate in any place and to stand up, send their children to school and others, all of which have a purpose and goal to be achieved, especially for their children. Keywords: Educator, Educated

scholarly journals BINNER ETHICAL AJARAN SOSROKARTONO DALAM PERSPEKTIF HERMENEUTIKA

HUMANIKA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Mul Yono
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Human Life ◽  
National Character ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Moral Teaching ◽  
Inner Strength ◽  
Moral Teachings

Abstract This paper seeks to interpret and seek relevance of Sosrokartono’s moral teachings, especially those expressed in the binner ethical form, for the life of Indonesian people in the present. Binner ethical in the moral teaching is discovered in Javanese culture. To be able understand the moral teaching need interpretation in depth, not only use ability to reason but also the using ability of “rasa-pangrasa”.The Sosrokartono’s binner ethical, as well as other moral teachings, still based on Sosrokartono’s philosophy of life that emphasized the obligation of human life to serve and devote themselves to God Almighty trough the help and helping fellow humans in need without strings attached, on the basis of principle “leladi mring sesami”.The Sosrokartono’s moral teachings have relevance for the formation of Indonesian national character, which is currently demoralized. The Sosrokartono’s moral teachings are very concerned with inner strength to counteract the development of the character of individualistic, materialistic, hedonistic and secularistic on Indonesian peoples, which currently is beset by modernization and globalization. Key words: moral teaching, binner ethical, interpretation, relevance, counteract, modernization and globalization, Indonesian national character  

Marxist Traditions in Cultural Studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Artz
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Relations Of Power

Cultural studies seeks to understand and explain how culture relates to the larger society and draws on social theory, philosophy, history, linguistics, communication, semiotics, media studies, and more to assess and evaluate mass media and everyday cultural practices. Since its inception in 1960s Britain, cultural studies has had recognizable and recurring interactions with Marxism, most clearly in culturalist renderings along a spectrum of tensions with political economy approaches. Marxist traditions and inflections appear in the seminal works of Raymond Williams and E. P. Thompson, work on the culture industry inspired by the Frankfurt School in 1930s Germany, challenges by Stuart Hall and others to the structuralist theories of Louis Althusser, and writings on consciousness and social change by Georg Lukács. Perhaps the most pronounced indication of Marxist influences on cultural studies appears in the multiple and diverse interpretations of Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony. Cultural studies, including critical theory, has been invigorated by Marxism, even as a recurring critique of economic determinism appears in most investigations and analyses of cultural practices. Marxism has no authoritative definition or application. Nonetheless, Marxism insists on materialism as the precondition for human life and development, opposing various idealist conceptions whether religious or philosophical that posit magical, suprahuman interventions that shape humanity or assertions of consciousness, creative genius, or timeless universals that supersede any particular historical conjuncture. Second, Marxism finds material reality, including all forms of human society and culture, to be historical phenomenon. Humans are framed by their conditions, and in turn, have agency to make social changing using material, knowledge, and possibilities within concrete historical conditions. For Marxists, capitalist society can best be historically and materially understood as social relations of production of society based on labor power and capitalist private ownership of the means of production. Wages paid labor are less than the value of goods and services produced. Capitalist withhold their profits from the value of goods and services produced. Such social relations organize individuals and groups into describable and manifest social classes, that are diverse and unstable but have contradictory interests and experiences. To maintain this social order and its rule, capitalists offer material adjustments, political rewards, and cultural activities that complement the social arrangements to maintain and adjust the dominant social order. Thus, for Marxists, ideologies arise in uneasy tandem with social relations of power. Ideas and practices appear and are constructed, distributed, and lived across society. Dominant ideologies parallel and refract conflictual social relations of power. Ideologies attune to transforming existing social relations may express countervailing views, values, and expectations. In sum, Marxist historical materialism finds that culture is a social product, social tool, and social process resulting from the construction and use by social groups with diverse social experiences and identities, including gender, race, social class, and more. Cultures have remarkably contradictory and hybrid elements creatively assembled from materially present social contradictions in unequal societies, ranging from reinforcement to resistance against constantly adjusting social relations of power. Five elements appear in most Marxist renditions on culture: materialism, the primacy of historical conjunctures, labor and social class, ideologies refracting social relations, and social change resulting from competing social and political interests.

Multiple Attachments of OSCs in Residential Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Arthi Shankar Kozhumam ◽  
Riti Chandrashekhar ◽  
Ananya Rattani ◽  
Sumedha Gupta Ariely
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Predictive Relationships ◽  
One Year ◽  
Caregiver Attachment ◽  
Over Time

This study describes evidence for multiple attachments by orphaned and separated children (OSC) to caregivers and explores predictive relationships between attachment and family social relationships. A sample of forty-three longitudinal children residing in residential care between 15 and 144 months at the time of assessment and forty-two newer-to-care children (entering one to thirteen months before testing) was interviewed in summer 2019. Caregiver attachment was measured using the IPPA Guardian scale, and family social relations were measured using the PROMIS Pediatric Family Relationships scale. Longitudinal children displayed similar attachment scores across a one-year time span regardless of whether they nominated the same or different favourite caretaker. Results are discussed in the context of evidence for multiple attachments and the way attachment can predict social relations for new but not longitudinal children. This paper supports that OSCs form multiple attachments to caregivers over time, with attachment starting and remaining relatively strong in the long-term.

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