China’s Belt and Road Initiative with ASEAN Countries: Examining the Trade Cooperation and Impact of Coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Haniff Jedin ◽  
Zhang Meng Di
Keyword(s):  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Engineering Standards ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Building Program ◽  
The Belt And Road

The rising US–China tension in the global trade war increased the trade cooperation between China and the ASEAN. Consequently, China’s total import and export volume with ASEAN increased tremendously to 684.60 billion USD in 2020, up by 6.7% year on year. This trend is part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which promotes China’s infrastructure building program in the neighboring ASEAN countries and exports China’s technical know-how and engineering standards. However, the recent coronavirus outbreak that stormed China and the rest of the world caused delays to many BRI projects. Subsequently, this outbreak also hit the ASEAN countries and halted many of their mega-projects under the BRI framework. Thus, this study attempts to highlight the trade cooperation and project developments of BRI in the ASEAN countries. In addition, the study features the landscape of BRI projects that were affected by the coronavirus amongst the ASEAN countries.

scholarly journals Analysis of Economy and Trade among China, India, and Russia under the Belt and Road Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jui-Lung Chen ◽  
Hsiung-Shen Jung
Keyword(s):  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Cooperative Relationship ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative advocated by China is expecting to assist in the infrastructure and financing of participating countries and promote free trade through cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road. China hopes to lead the regional economic integration process through investment-driven trade. Out of geopolitical considerations, Russia and India initially held a relatively negative or cautious attitude towards the Belt and Road Initiative. Therefore, Russia proposed the concept of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) in 2011 in order to unite the other independent ASEAN countries based on the customs alliance consisting of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, and thus create a supranational consortium, which in turn have the ability to compete and cooperate with the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China. In 2014, India launched the Indian version of the Belt and Road Initiative, named Project Mausam, expecting to promote the integration of economic and trade exchanges around the Indian Ocean with India as the center. However, after recent strikes by the trade war, China actively seeks assistance from India and Russia in order to break through the US trade blockade. During the G20 summit held in Japan in June 2019, China, India, and Russia held a three-party talk. After the talk, the three countries issued a joint statement claiming that “they shall undertake more global responsibilities to protect the fundamental and long-term interests of the three countries themselves and the world”, which seems to have opened up opportunities for future cooperation among the three countries. Therefore, this paper explores the competitive and cooperative relationship among China, India, and Russia under the Belt and Road Initiative.

Viewpoint – could the belt and road initiative be derailed? An analysis of impediments to completion

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Enderwick
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Belt And Road

Purpose The continuation of China’s belt and road initiative (BRI) is assumed in most analyses. Yet, recent events have created significant reputational damage for China and Chinese businesses. With a trade war evolving into a hegemonic struggle, there are a number of potential developments that could derail the BRI. This paper aims to provide a contemporary review of the factors that could negatively impact its continuation, and what China has done to mitigate the risks. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive paper that groups possible disruptive factors into three groups: internal weaknesses of the BRI and its design; those related to China’s implementation of the BRI and external concerns and pressures. Findings China has actively reviewed and refined the BRI to reduce its perceived weaknesses and increase its attractiveness to potential participants, focussing on debt dependency, transparency and governance. However, this has occurred at the same time as growing concerns regarding China’s international assertiveness, the hegemonic challenge and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Research limitations/implications These changes are occurring within an extremely dynamic environment and any analysis at one point in time is subject to considerable limitations. However, the paper brings together a range of disparate perspectives in a structured manner. Originality/value The classification of possible threats to the BRI is original and provides insights into the relative significance of the diverse challenges that China faces. The paper concludes that while China’s operational focus on the mechanics of the BRI process is necessary, it may not be sufficient to ensure its continuing development. The paper identifies the next step which is conceptualisation of these ideas and of the BRI. Some guidance as to how this might be done is provided.

scholarly journals Cooperation between China and Romania under Belt and Road Initiative

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Linna Yu
Keyword(s):  
Export Trade ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Wide Region ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract China’s greatest international economic aspiration is the “Belt and Road” Initiative (BRI), to stimulate economic corporation in a wide region including sub regions in Asia, Africa and Europe. This paper does researches for the cooperation between China and Romania at the background of BRI. It shows a short introduction of BRI and analyses import and export trade data included China with Europe, Europe Union and Romania to make a prediction about future development. It makes a comparison to different countries in BRI by Belt and Road Index (BARI). We will analyze Romanian basic economic situation, main factors about BARI and potential risks.

DOES THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE RESHAPE CHINA’S OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ASEAN? SHIFTING MOTIVES OF STATE-OWNED AND PRIVATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
SHI JIN ◽  
HU XIAOHUI ◽  
LI YUNXIONG ◽  
FENG TAO
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Conditional Logit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

In recent years, China has been increasingly witnessed as a major global outward investor, especially since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013. The question of whether and if yes how the BRI reshapes firm outward investment motives remains under-researched. Using a project-level database of China’s Outward Direct Investment from the Ministry of Commerce from 2010 to 2015, this paper investigates the changing investment motives of state-owned and private-owned enterprises (SOEs and POEs) before and after the implementation of the BRI in two periods, namely 2010–2013 and 2014–2015. Our conditional logit models show that (1) market-seeking is one of the key motives for both POEs and SOEs; (2) POEs pursued natural resources in ASEAN based on geographical and relational proximity in the pre-BRI period while SOEs are directed to exploit natural resources in ASEAN besides remoter destinations after the launch of the BRI; (3) POEs are risk-taking in both periods, which runs counter to conventional expectations. This can be explained by the long-term investment tradition of POEs in ASEAN in which POEs are attracted predominantly by socio-economic factors and often less sensitive to variegated host institutions among ASEAN countries and (4) the BRI promotes Chinese OFDI in ASEAN through increased senior leader visits and enhanced diplomatic relations.

EVOLUTION OF CHINA’S OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT REGIME: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA UNDER THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
THERESA YAN ◽  
PETER ENDERWICK
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Chinese Policy ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road

Assessment of the likely impact of Chinese OFDI on the ASEAN members of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) requires understanding of the evolution of Chinese policy, regulations and institutions. Utilizing recent developments in institutional theory, this paper examines the interplay between China’s OFDI regulations and enterprise supportive policies. Liberalization of FDI regulations complements policies of technological catch-up and the development of regionally focused multilateral institutions. Evidence of an increasing level of Chinese OFDI since 2003, and of a larger share attracted to the BRI group, particularly the ASEAN countries, is consistent with the theorizing.

U.S.–China Trade War: Potential Trade and Investment Spillovers into Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Siew Yean Tham ◽  
Andrew Kam Jia Yi ◽  
Tee Beng Ann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
The Belt And Road

This study examines the potential impact of the current trade war between the United States and China on Malaysia's trade and investment. For solar exports, the immediate impact from 2017 to 2018 shows that gross and domestic exports to the United States have fallen but re-exports have increased, and Malaysia's exports and re-exports to China have increased. Excluding solar, the increase in gross exports to the United States is borne by re-exports. The possibility of increased investment, as firms relocate from China, is high given the growing presence of China's investment in Malaysia since the announcement of the Belt and Road Initiative.

A Common Destiny: COVID-19 and the Ongoing Impact on China’s Belt and Road Initiative Among ASEAN Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150001
Author(s):  
Chow Man-kong ◽  
Hung Wing-lok ◽  
Chang Chak-yan
Keyword(s):  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Common Destiny ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Business Sectors ◽  
Interpretative Model ◽  
The Belt And Road

This paper seeks to apply China’s vision of a “common destiny” to an analysis of the relationship between China and ASEAN countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. It first discusses how the Sino-ASEAN relationship has been affected by the crisis, especially in fundamental business sectors. The second part explains how China has responded to global and regional economic challenges to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects. This paper advocates that an interpretative model of a common destiny should be considered when assessing the ongoing viability of the Belt and Road Initiative and in answering its critics.

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