The Pentecostal Gender Paradox: Pentecostalism and Intimate Partner Violence in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Gender Paradox ◽  
The Relationship

Pentecostalism is large, influential, and growing quickly in Ghana. This growth has been argued to benefit women due to the religion’s teachings on individualism and use of female leaders. However, the religion’s focus on female submissiveness may also present a challenge to women. Whilst this theoretical paradox has been largely untested, Gundersen (Gundersen, S (2018). Will god make me rich? An investigation into the relationship between membership in Charismatic churches, wealth, and women’s empowerment in Ghana. Religions, 9(6), 195) finds that women who identify as Pentecostal exhibit less decision-making power than other Christians when it comes to big household purchases and their own health care. Using the 2008 and 2014 Demographic Health Surveys, this study examines the relationship between Pentecostalism and intimate partner violence in Ghana. Women who identify as Pentecostal are more likely to have experienced physical violence than other women, but this effect may disappear for women in the highest wealth quintiles. Higher wealth Pentecostal women are also less likely to believe a husband is justified in hitting his wife. Thus, it seems wealth may have a protective effect for Pentecostal women in Ghana.

Coercive Controlling Behaviors and Reporting Physical Intimate Partner Violence in Australian Women: An Exploration

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122098593
Author(s):  
Brittany Patafio ◽  
Peter Miller ◽  
Arlene Walker ◽  
Kerri Coomber ◽  
Ashlee Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Differential Utility ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

This study explores two approaches to measuring coercive controlling behaviors (CCBs)—counting how many different CCB types and examining the frequency of each CCB experienced—to examine their utility in explaining the relationship between CCBs and physical intimate partner violence (IPV). Australian women aged 18–68 years ( n = 739; Mage = 31.58, SDage = 11.76) completed an online survey. Count and frequency CCB approaches yielded similar significant associations with increased physical IPV. Both approaches suggest that frightening behaviors in particular are significantly indicative of also experiencing physical IPV; however, when you count CCB types, public name-calling becomes important, whereas when you examine the frequency of each CCB type, jealousy/possessiveness becomes important. These findings suggest differential utility between measures of CCBs, which examine the frequency of specific CCB types and which count CCB types, and that both approaches are useful in understanding how coercion and control relate to physical violence within intimate relationships.

The Role of Violence Acceptance and Inequitable Gender Norms in Intimate Partner Violence Severity Among Couples in Zambia

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051987672
Author(s):  
Shoshanna L. Fine ◽  
Jeremy C. Kane ◽  
Sarah M. Murray ◽  
Stephanie Skavenski ◽  
Saphira Munthali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
The Relationship

Inequitable gender norms, including the acceptance of violence in intimate relationships, have been found to be associated with the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization. Despite these findings, few studies have considered whether inequitable gender norms are related to IPV severity. This study uses baseline data from a psychotherapeutic intervention targeting heterosexual couples ( n = 247) in Lusaka, Zambia, who reported moderate to severe male-perpetrated IPV and male hazardous alcohol use to consider: (a) prevailing gender norms, including those related to IPV; (b) the relationship between IPV acceptance and IPV severity; and (c) the relationship between inequitable gender norms and IPV severity. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to model the relationships between IPV acceptance and inequitable gender norms, and female-reported IPV severity (including threats of violence, physical violence, sexual violence, and total violence), separately among male and female participants. In general, men and women were similar in their patterns of agreement with gender norms, with both highly endorsing items related to household roles. More than three-quarters of men (78.1%) and women (78.5%) indicated overall acceptance of violence in intimate relationships, with no significant differences between men and women in their endorsement of any IPV-related gender norms. Among men, IPV acceptance was associated with a statistically significant increase in IPV perpetration severity in terms of threatening violence ( B = 5.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.84, 9.89]), physical violence ( B = 4.54, 95% CI = [0.10, 8.98]), and total violence ( B = 11.65, 95% CI = [3.14, 20.16]). There was no association between IPV acceptance and IPV victimization severity among women. Unlike IPV acceptance, there was no evidence for a relationship between inequitable gender norms and IPV severity for either men or women. These findings have implications for the appropriateness of gender transformative interventions in targeting men and women in relationships in which there is ongoing IPV.

Exploring the Relationship Between Stigma, Stigma Challenges, and Disclosure Among Slum-Dwelling Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1188-1208
Author(s):  
Eleanor Maticka-Tyndale ◽  
Jessica Penwell Barnett ◽  
Trocaire
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
The Relationship

This article uses survey data from 131 women living in urban slums in Kenya to explore associations between stigma, stigma challenges, empowerment, and disclosure of intimate partner violence (IPV). A total of 81.7% of women reported informal or formal disclosure of IPV. A bystander offering help and experiencing stigma were associated with significant increases in the odds of informal and formal disclosure. There were also significant positive associations between participating in financial decision-making, membership in survivor support groups, and formal disclosure. Results suggest that interpersonal, community, and structural challenges to stigma interfere with stigma as a barrier to disclosure.

scholarly journals Tanzanian Couples’ Perspectives on Gender Equity, Relationship Power, and Intimate Partner Violence: Findings from the RESPECT Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suneeta Krishnan ◽  
Divya Vohra ◽  
Damien de Walque ◽  
Carol Medlin ◽  
Rose Nathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Relationship Power ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Decision Making ◽  
The Relationship

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is widely prevalent in Tanzania. Inequitable gender norms manifest in men’s and women’s attitudes about power and decision making in intimate relationships and are likely to play an important role in determining the prevalence of IPV. We used data from the RESPECT study, a randomized controlled trial that evaluated an intervention to prevent sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of young Tanzanian men and women, to examine the relationship between couples’ attitudes about IPV, relationship power, and sexual decision making, concordance on these issues, and women’s reports of IPV over 12 months. Women expressed less equitable attitudes than men at baseline. Over time, participants’ attitudes tended to become more equitable and women’s reports of IPV declined substantially. Multivariable logistic regression analyses suggested that inequitable attitudes and couple discordance were associated with higher risk of IPV. Our findings point to the need for a better understanding of the role that perceived or actual imbalances in relationship power have in heightening IPV risk. The decline in women’s reports of IPV and the trend towards gender-equitable attitudes indicate that concerted efforts to reduce IPV and promote gender equity have the potential to make a positive difference in the relatively short term.

scholarly journals An ecological study on the association between early childhood caries and intimate partner violence in 20 low- and middle-income countries: 2007-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Mary O. Obiyan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Arthur Kemoli ◽  
Ola B. Al-Batayneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Women are the worst affected by intimate partner violence (IPV), and this impacts negatively on the health of the children they care for. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IPV and the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5-year-olds. Methods: This was an ecological study using IPV (physical, sexual, emotional) data extracted from the Demographic Health Survey of 20 low- and middle-income countries and ECC data for 3-5-year-olds of the same countries for the period 2007-2017. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5-year-olds with ECC (outcome variable) and IPV indicators (physical, sexual, emotional). The model was adjusted for the country’s gross national income and the percentage of women with secondary or higher education. Partial eta squared (ηp2), regression coefficients, confidence intervals and p-values were calculated. Results: Data on ECC in 3-5-year-olds and IPV were available for six low-income-countries, 10 lower-middle-income-countries and four upper-middle-income-countries. The most prevalent form of IPV was physical violence (10.09%). The Democratic Republic of Congo had the highest prevalence of physical violence (45.8%), sexual violence (25.4%), and ECC (80.0%). The strongest association was between the prevalence of ECC and emotional violence (ηp2=0.01), followed by physical violence (ηp2=0.005), and sexual violence (ηp2=0.003). For every 1% higher prevalence of emotional violence, there was 0.28% higher prevalence of ECC, and for every 1% higher percentage of physical violence, there was 0.21% higher prevalence of ECC. On the contrary, for every 1% higher prevalence of sexual violence, there was 0.35% lower prevalence of ECC prevalence. Conclusions: The association between IPV and the prevalence of ECC in 3-5-year-olds is minor, with the strongest direct association effect being with emotional violence; and there was an inverse association between sexual violence and the prevalence of ECC. These findings need to be studied further.

scholarly journals Assessing the relationship between intimate partner violence, externally-decided pregnancy and unintended pregnancies among women in slum communities in Mumbai, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Dasgupta ◽  
Anita Raj ◽  
Saritha Nair ◽  
Dattaram Naik ◽  
Niranjan Saggurti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundIndia contends with a high rate of intimate partner violence (IPV), which is associated with unintended pregnancy and reflects low levels of women’s decision-making control in relation to their reproductive health. Few studies from South Asia have examined the relationship between pregnancy decision-making, IPV and unintended pregnancy.AimThis study examined associations between unintended (mistimed and unwanted) pregnancy, women’s reports of pregnancy decided externally by husband or in-laws, and IPV, among a sample of married, postpartum women.MethodsData from the ‘Mechanisms for Relations of Domestic Violence to Poor Maternal and Infant Health in India’ study were analysed. Descriptive comparisons between levels of unintended pregnancy were run on all major variables. Unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses assessed women’s reports of having externally-decided pregnancies and IPV victimisation in the year prior to pregnancy as factors in mistimed and unwanted pregnancies.ResultsMistimed and unwanted pregnancies were reported by 12.2% and 7.2% of women, respectively. Externally-decided pregnancies were reported by 8.8% of women. Some 29.4% of women reported experiencing physical and/or sexual IPV in the year prior to pregnancy. Women reporting externally-decided pregnancies were significantly more likely to have had mistimed pregnancies than intended pregnancies, as were women reporting IPV. Neither external pregnancy control nor IPV were associated with unwanted pregnancy.ConclusionsWomen’s exclusion from pregnancy decision-making and violence from husbands relate to their ability to time their pregnancies as they wish. The lack of significant association between external decision-making and IPV with unwanted pregnancy may be due to low reporting of unwanted pregnancy. The overall findings highlight the importance of integrating women’s involvement in reproductive health decision-making and IPV reduction messaging in programming for the women’s health sector.

scholarly journals An ecological study on the association between early childhood caries and intimate partner violence in 20 low- and middle-income countries: 2007-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Mary O. Obiyan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Arthur Kemoli ◽  
Ola B. Al-Batayneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Women are the worst affected by intimate partner violence (IPV), and this impacts negatively on the health of the children they care for. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IPV and the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in 3-5-year-olds. Methods: This was an ecological study using IPV (physical, sexual, emotional) data extracted from the Demographic Health Survey of 20 low- and middle-income countries and ECC data for 3-5-year-olds of the same countries for the period 2007-2017. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5-year-olds with ECC (outcome variable) and IPV indicators (physical, sexual, emotional). The model was adjusted for the country’s gross national income and the percentage of women with secondary or higher education. Partial eta squared (ηp2), regression coefficients, confidence intervals and p-values were calculated. Results: Data on ECC in 3-5-year-olds and IPV were available for six low-income-countries, 10 lower-middle-income-countries and four upper-middle-income-countries. The most prevalent form of IPV was physical violence (10.09%). The Democratic Republic of Congo had the highest prevalence of physical violence (45.8%), sexual violence (25.4%), and ECC (80.0%). The strongest association was between the prevalence of ECC and emotional violence (ηp2=0.01), followed by physical violence (ηp2=0.005), and sexual violence (ηp2=0.003). For every 1% higher prevalence of emotional violence, there was 0.28% higher prevalence of ECC, and for every 1% higher percentage of physical violence, there was 0.21% higher prevalence of ECC. On the contrary, for every 1% higher prevalence of sexual violence, there was 0.35% lower prevalence of ECC prevalence. Conclusions: The association between IPV and the prevalence of ECC in 3-5-year-olds is minor, with the strongest direct association effect being with emotional violence; and there was an inverse association between sexual violence and the prevalence of ECC. These findings need to be studied further.

scholarly journals Association between Intimate Partner Violence and Abortion in Nepal: A Pooled Analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (2011 and 2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dipendra Singh Thakuri ◽  
Pramesh Raj Ghimire ◽  
Samikshya Poudel ◽  
Resham Bahadur Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Female Reproductive Health ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Background. Intimate partner violence (IPV) adversely affects female reproductive health in different ways. However, the relationship between IPV and abortion has not been adequately examined in Nepal. This study is aimed at examining the association between IPV and abortion in Nepal. Methods. Data for this study was derived from the Nepal Demographic Health Surveys (NDHS) of 2011 and 2016. A total of 8641 women aged 15-49 years were selected for the violence module in NDHS 2011 and 2016. The analysis was restricted to 2978 women who reported at least one pregnancy five years preceding each survey. Among them, 839 women who experienced different forms of violence were included in the analysis. Various forms of IPV were taken as exposure variables while abortion as an outcome of interest. The study employed logistic regression analysis to examine the association between IPV and abortion. Results. Nearly one in three (28.2%) women experienced any forms of IPV. A total of 22.2% women experienced physical violence. Almost one in five (19.5%) women were slapped. More than half (52.8%) of the women with no education experienced IPV. The logistic regression analyses showed a significant association between IPV and abortion. Women with severe physical violence had nearly two-fold higher odds (adjusted Odds Ratio aOR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.64) of having abortion. Similarly, women who reported physical violence were more likely to have abortion (aOR=1.54; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.19) compared to those who did not experience such violence. Conclusion. Intimate partner violence is associated with abortion in Nepal. It is imperative that effective implementation of IPV-preventive measures through the promotion of appropriate social and policy actions can help reduce abortion in Nepal.

The Relation of Anxiety and Avoidance Dimensions of Attachment to Intimate Partner Violence: A Meta-Analysis About Victims

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110505
Author(s):  
Cataudella Stefania ◽  
Guyonne Rogier ◽  
Sara Beomonte Zobel ◽  
Patrizia Velotti
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Attachment theory is a useful framework for understanding the phenomenon of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimisation. Many studies have examined the relationship between attachment and IPV victimisation. The need to examine the nature of this relationship through a meta-analytic approach arises from an awareness of the amount of contrasting data surrounding the topic. Method: Searching five databases (PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed) and screening 4343 records, resulted in 34 studies comprising 1271 individuals who met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. Results: Results about attachment anxiety showed significant and moderate effect sizes (ranging from .18 for generic violence to .25 for sexual violence). Results about attachment avoidance also showed significant and moderate effect sizes (ranging from .18 for physical violence to .30 for generic violence). Conclusions: The meta-analysis findings highlight that the relationship between the dimensions of anxiety and the avoidance of attachment are significantly related to all forms of IPV victimisation, with moderate and moderate-to-strong effect sizes, respectively. These results are significant in that they confirm the importance of the relationship between attachment and IPV victimisation, suggesting promising new directions in which this field can further develop.

Health Care Professionals, Rurality, and Intimate Femicide

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Reckdenwald ◽  
Alexis Yohros ◽  
Alec Szalewski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Rural Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
County Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intimate Femicide

Research demonstrates that disparities exist in access to quality rural health care. With studies showing that intimate partner violence is more severe and homicide is more prevalent in rural areas, scholars have begun to turn to the inaccessibility of health care in these areas as an explanation. The current study sets out to further this limited body of literature by examining the importance of rurality on the relationship between the availability of health care professionals and intimate femicide at the county level. Results indicate that rurality moderates the relationship between the availability of health care professionals and intimate femicide; however, results are not as predicted.

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