scholarly journals Macro-level information transfer across social networks

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minkyoung Kim ◽  
David Newth ◽  
Peter Christen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Level Information

Macro-level information transfer in social media: Reflections of crowd phenomena

2016 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 84-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minkyoung Kim ◽  
David Newth ◽  
Peter Christen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Level Information

The True Believers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Risman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gendered Expectations

This is the first data chapter. In this chapter, respondents who are described as true believers in the gender structure, and essentialist gender differences are introduced and their interviews analyzed. They are true believers because, at the macro level, they believe in a gender ideology where women and men should be different and accept rules and requirements that enforce gender differentiation and even sex segregation in social life. In addition, at the interactional level, these Millennials report having been shaped by their parent’s traditional expectations and they similarly feel justified to impose gendered expectations on those in their own social networks. At the individual level, they have internalized masculinity or femininity, and embody it in how they present themselves to the world. They try hard to “do gender” traditionally.

18. Political Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 318-335
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual’s probability to become politically active.

Expansion Rehabilitation: An Empowering Conceptual Framework for Rehabilitation following Acquired Disability

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Newsome ◽  
Elizabeth Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
Acquired Disability ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

Rehabilitation counselling is in need of a conceptual framework that will distinguish it from the medical notion of restoration and will provide a theoretical base from which rehabilitation counsellors can operate. The current paper presents a model of dishabilitation that highlights the processes that occur following acquired disability and that must be considered in designing a rehabilitation programme. The model suggests that the goal of rehabilitation should be the expansion of opportunities rather than the restoration of functions or previous position. By providing rehabilitation counsellors with a suitable “macro”level conceptualisation of rehabilitation, this approach will enable counsellors to implement “micro”level techniques in a manner that will empower individuals. Because intervention is aimed at opportunity expansion rather than the pursuit of specific goals, this approach allows individuals to retain control and to develop positive perceptions of themselves with their disability. The approach is also more sensitive to the impact of acquired disability on social networks and suggests that opportunities for families must also be expanded.

Auditory–Articulatory Neural Alignment between Listener and Speaker during Verbal Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 942-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanfang Liu ◽  
Yuxuan Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Douglas D Garrett ◽  
Chunming Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
High Level

Abstract Whether auditory processing of speech relies on reference to the articulatory motor information of speaker remains elusive. Here, we addressed this issue under a two-brain framework. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was applied to record the brain activities of speakers when telling real-life stories and later of listeners when listening to the audio recordings of these stories. Based on between-brain seed-to-voxel correlation analyses, we revealed that neural dynamics in listeners’ auditory temporal cortex are temporally coupled with the dynamics in the speaker’s larynx/phonation area. Moreover, the coupling response in listener’s left auditory temporal cortex follows the hierarchical organization for speech processing, with response lags in A1+, STG/STS, and MTG increasing linearly. Further, listeners showing greater coupling responses understand the speech better. When comprehension fails, such interbrain auditory-articulation coupling vanishes substantially. These findings suggest that a listener’s auditory system and a speaker’s articulatory system are inherently aligned during naturalistic verbal interaction, and such alignment is associated with high-level information transfer from the speaker to the listener. Our study provides reliable evidence supporting that references to the articulatory motor information of speaker facilitate speech comprehension under a naturalistic scene.

18. Political participation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Kitschelt ◽  
Philipp Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Politically Active

This chapter examines four fundamental questions relating to political participation. First, it considers different modes of political participation such as social movements, interest groups, and political parties. Second, it analyses the determinants of political participation, focusing in particular on the paradox of collective action. Third, it explains political participation at the macro-level in order to identify which contextual conditions are conducive to participation and the role of economic affluence in political participation. Finally, the chapter discusses political participation at the micro-level. It shows that both formal associations and informal social networks, configured around family and friendship ties, supplement individual capacities to engage in political participation or compensate for weak capacities, so as to boost an individual's probability to become politically active.

scholarly journals Phenotypic assortment in wild primate networks: implications for the dissemination of information

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 140444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alecia J. Carter ◽  
Alexander E. G. Lee ◽  
Harry H. Marshall ◽  
Miquel Torrents Ticó ◽  
Guy Cowlishaw
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Papio Ursinus ◽  
Phenotypic Assortment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Individuals' access to social information can depend on their social network. Homophily—a preference to associate with similar phenotypes—may cause assortment within social networks that could preclude information transfer from individuals who generate information to those who would benefit from acquiring it. Thus, understanding phenotypic assortment may lead to a greater understanding of the factors that could limit the transfer of information between individuals. We tested whether there was assortment in wild baboon ( Papio ursinus ) networks, using data collected from two troops over 6 years for six phenotypic traits—boldness, age, dominance rank, sex and the propensity to generate/exploit information—using two methods for defining a connection between individuals—time spent in proximity and grooming. Our analysis indicated that assortment was more common in grooming than proximity networks. In general, there was homophily for boldness, age, rank and the propensity to both generate and exploit information, but heterophily for sex. However, there was considerable variability both between troops and years. The patterns of homophily we observed for these phenotypes may impede information transfer between them. However, the inconsistency in the strength of assortment between troops and years suggests that the limitations to information flow may be quite variable.

Overreaction or Underreaction to Intra-Industry Earnings Information Transfer: A Cross-Country Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Agnes Cheng ◽  
Jing Fang ◽  
Yuan Huang ◽  
Yuxiang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Earnings Information ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Information ◽  
International Setting ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Information Transfers ◽  
Industry Peers

We apply the moderated confidence hypothesis (MCH) to investigate overreaction and underreaction in intra-industry earnings information transfers in an international setting. MCH predicts that late announcing firms’ investors overreact (underreact) to early announcing industry peers’ earnings news when early announcing peers’ earnings news is imprecise (precise) signals of late announcing firms’ earnings. Consistent with early announcing peers’ earnings news being imprecise signals of late announcing firms’ earnings in an international setting, we find that late announcing firms’ investors overreact to early announcing peers’ earnings news. The country-level information environment and culture shape the precision of peers’ earnings as signals of each other’s earnings and investor behaviors. Consistent with MCH, we find that late announcing firms’ investors are more likely to underreact in countries with a richer information environment, are more likely to overreact in countries with higher individualism and are less likely to overreact in countries with higher uncertainty avoidance.

Competitive Learning in Yardstick Competition: Testing Models of Policy Diffusion With Performance Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Ward ◽  
Peter John
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Competitive Learning ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Yardstick Competition ◽  
International Boundaries

Organizations that learn from others’ successful policies not only become more competitive because their policies improve but also avoid the costs of policy innovation. While economists have widely recognized latecomer advantage, the policy diffusion literature in political science has failed to emphasize the connection between learning and competition. This article distinguishes competitive learning from learning that is not driven by competitive pressure (that is, ‘pure learning’). It models policy diffusion as a game played on social networks that govern competitive pressure and the possibilities of information transfer. The article develops an empirical test for competitive learning using spatial lags, which are applied to data on the performance of larger English local authorities from 2002 to 2006. Evidence is found for both competitive learning and pure learning. The sharper distinction between causal mechanisms proposed in this article should be widely applicable to diffusion across international boundaries and sub-national units.

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