Social Networks and Information Transfer

2009 ◽  
pp. 4837-4847 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Transfer

scholarly journals Phenotypic assortment in wild primate networks: implications for the dissemination of information

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 140444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alecia J. Carter ◽  
Alexander E. G. Lee ◽  
Harry H. Marshall ◽  
Miquel Torrents Ticó ◽  
Guy Cowlishaw
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Papio Ursinus ◽  
Phenotypic Assortment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Individuals' access to social information can depend on their social network. Homophily—a preference to associate with similar phenotypes—may cause assortment within social networks that could preclude information transfer from individuals who generate information to those who would benefit from acquiring it. Thus, understanding phenotypic assortment may lead to a greater understanding of the factors that could limit the transfer of information between individuals. We tested whether there was assortment in wild baboon ( Papio ursinus ) networks, using data collected from two troops over 6 years for six phenotypic traits—boldness, age, dominance rank, sex and the propensity to generate/exploit information—using two methods for defining a connection between individuals—time spent in proximity and grooming. Our analysis indicated that assortment was more common in grooming than proximity networks. In general, there was homophily for boldness, age, rank and the propensity to both generate and exploit information, but heterophily for sex. However, there was considerable variability both between troops and years. The patterns of homophily we observed for these phenotypes may impede information transfer between them. However, the inconsistency in the strength of assortment between troops and years suggests that the limitations to information flow may be quite variable.

Competitive Learning in Yardstick Competition: Testing Models of Policy Diffusion With Performance Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Ward ◽  
Peter John
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Competitive Learning ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Yardstick Competition ◽  
International Boundaries

Organizations that learn from others’ successful policies not only become more competitive because their policies improve but also avoid the costs of policy innovation. While economists have widely recognized latecomer advantage, the policy diffusion literature in political science has failed to emphasize the connection between learning and competition. This article distinguishes competitive learning from learning that is not driven by competitive pressure (that is, ‘pure learning’). It models policy diffusion as a game played on social networks that govern competitive pressure and the possibilities of information transfer. The article develops an empirical test for competitive learning using spatial lags, which are applied to data on the performance of larger English local authorities from 2002 to 2006. Evidence is found for both competitive learning and pure learning. The sharper distinction between causal mechanisms proposed in this article should be widely applicable to diffusion across international boundaries and sub-national units.

scholarly journals Model of Impact of Social Networks on Internet Marketing of Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 09020
Author(s):  
Rima Zitkiene ◽  
Vytautas Gircys ◽  
Monika Zitke ◽  
Ilona Bartuseviciene
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Internet Marketing ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Marketing Environment ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact

Research background. The electronic environment has become an integral part of today’s marketing environment. The transformation of information technology makes it possible to reach the desired customer through various business instruments, regardless of his location. The number of consumers using the Internet to search for goods and services is increasing. As a result, social networks are gaining in importance from both businesses and consumers. There are currently over 800 social networks in the world. Corporate social networking accounts where a variety of news can be posted: from company start-up history to the latest company prototype news, and often for small businesses, and represents the cost of the website. Most authors point out that the scope of e-marketing is wider than online marketing because online marketing refers only to the Internet. Businesses seek to disseminate information about goods through social networks, given their popularity and impact on consumers. Purpose of the article is to construct the theoretical model that would help to determine how the impact of social networks on online marketing of companies can be assessed. Methods: analysis of scientific literature, systematization, generalization. Findings and Value added. Based on the model, proposed by the authors, the elements of Internet marketing are analyzed, as well as research on the importance of social networks in information transfer and communication with the consumer is emphasized and the most commonly used indicators of social networks are singled out.

Suicide Announcement on Facebook

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Ruder ◽  
Gary M. Hatch ◽  
Garyfalia Ampanozi ◽  
Michael J. Thali ◽  
Nadja Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
The Impact

Background: The media and the Internet may be having an influence on suicidal behavior. Online social networks such as Facebook represent a new facet of global information transfer. The impact of these online social networks on suicidal behavior has not yet been evaluated. Aims: To discuss potential effects of suicide notes on Facebook on suicide prevention and copycat suicides, and to create awareness among health care professionals. Methods: We present a case involving a suicide note on Facebook and discuss potential consequences of this phenomenon based on literature found searching PubMed and Google. Results: There are numerous reports of suicide notes on Facebook in the popular press, but none in the professional literature. Online social network users attempted to prevent planned suicides in several reported cases. To date there is no documented evidence of a copycat suicide, directly emulating a suicide announced on Facebook. Conclusions: Suicide notes on online social networks may allow for suicide prevention via the immediate intervention of other network users. But it is not yet clear to what extent suicide notes on online social networks actually induce copycat suicides. These effects deserve future evaluation and research.

scholarly journals A social network analysis applied to understand the relationships in fish farming tank-nets business in Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 659-678
Author(s):  
Raiane Real Martinelli ◽  
Gessuir Pigatto ◽  
Timóteo Ramos Queiroz ◽  
Mário Mollo Neto
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Trust Degree

The present article aims to analyze the insertion of tilapia tank-nets producers in social networks and their influence on the information transfer within the network, from a group of fish farmers located in a reservoir in southeastern Brazil. Exploratory methods characterize this research, which has a qualitative approach based on a multi-case study. Roster method conducts the network research taking into account the limited number of actors in the network and the identification of all. This article allows an understanding of the influence of frequency, time and value attributed to the exchange of information among fish farmers. The trust degree in the relationships between fish farmers was measured through a Social Network Analysis (SNA) with the help of the UCINET® software. The results show that the transmitters of more information are the same that present themselves as central in the network and those who have the most valuable information.

Determination of the Best Emulsion for the Microscopy of Crystals

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
David A. Grano ◽  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Noise Ratio

The retrieval of high-resolution information from images of biological crystals depends, in part, on the use of the correct photographic emulsion. We have been investigating the information transfer properties of twelve emulsions with a view toward 1) characterizing the emulsions by a few, measurable quantities, and 2) identifying the “best” emulsion of those we have studied for use in any given experimental situation. Because our interests lie in the examination of crystalline specimens, we've chosen to evaluate an emulsion's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of spatial frequency and use this as our critereon for determining the best emulsion.The signal-to-noise ratio in frequency space depends on several factors. First, the signal depends on the speed of the emulsion and its modulation transfer function (MTF). By procedures outlined in, MTF's have been found for all the emulsions tested and can be fit by an analytic expression 1/(1+(S/S0)2). Figure 1 shows the experimental data and fitted curve for an emulsion with a better than average MTF. A single parameter, the spatial frequency at which the transfer falls to 50% (S0), characterizes this curve.

Ultimate resolution and information in electron microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
D. Van Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Information Rate ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Imaging Device

An (electron) microscope can be considered as a communication channel that transfers structural information between an object and an observer. In electron microscopy this information is carried by electrons. According to the theory of Shannon the maximal information rate (or capacity) of a communication channel is given by C = B log2 (1 + S/N) bits/sec., where B is the band width, and S and N the average signal power, respectively noise power at the output. We will now apply to study the information transfer in an electron microscope. For simplicity we will assume the object and the image to be onedimensional (the results can straightforwardly be generalized). An imaging device can be characterized by its transfer function, which describes the magnitude with which a spatial frequency g is transferred through the device, n is the noise. Usually, the resolution of the instrument ᑭ is defined from the cut-off 1/ᑭ beyond which no spadal information is transferred.

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