Derivation of the set of the fundamental interactions from first principles

Global conservation laws require the fundamental interactions to be processes which transfer information from one particle to another. Therefore, in order to show what types of interactions may exist, we derive from the very first principles a set of the most fundamental information transfers and their basic properties. Within these information transfers, we identify candidates for gravitational, electromagnetic and strong scattering, and also for weak decay. We do it by taking the characteristic properties of each fundamental interaction, such as confinement or parity violation, and by using them to rule out information transfers without these properties. The found mapping then makes possible to study the information transfers in order to get knowledge about the corresponding fundamental interactions.

From Audits to Projects: Evaluating New York State Policy to Encourage Home Retrofit Projects

This research explores socio-spatial characteristics of home retrofit projects in New York State and their association with the state’s free home energy audit program. Prior work by the authors found that zip codes with more elder individuals and higher levels of education are more likely to undertake an energy audit; it was also found that higher incomes may be negatively correlated with audit decisions. Less understood is the follow-up decision after an audit to undertake a retrofit. From a policy and climate perspective, the actionable retrofit decision is far more impactful than the informational audit, making it an important area of further research. This work examines this understudied area using a combination of datasets, including census data, American Community Survey (ACS) data, and retrofits data provided by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA). Findings indicate that many of the same socioeconomic characteristics that predict audits are influential in retrofit projects as well (age, education, higher home values). A strong statistical relationship was found between audits per capita and subsequent retrofit projects, which is to be expected, as NYSERDA requires audits of residents desiring efficiency retrofits. However, this also indicates that the role of the audit in information transfers may be highly influential in encouraging home energy efficiency projects. This finding underscores the policy importance of offering low- or no-cost energy audit incentives to encourage greater participation in home retrofit programs.

Overreaction or Underreaction to Intra-Industry Earnings Information Transfer: A Cross-Country Analysis

We apply the moderated confidence hypothesis (MCH) to investigate overreaction and underreaction in intra-industry earnings information transfers in an international setting. MCH predicts that late announcing firms’ investors overreact (underreact) to early announcing industry peers’ earnings news when early announcing peers’ earnings news is imprecise (precise) signals of late announcing firms’ earnings. Consistent with early announcing peers’ earnings news being imprecise signals of late announcing firms’ earnings in an international setting, we find that late announcing firms’ investors overreact to early announcing peers’ earnings news. The country-level information environment and culture shape the precision of peers’ earnings as signals of each other’s earnings and investor behaviors. Consistent with MCH, we find that late announcing firms’ investors are more likely to underreact in countries with a richer information environment, are more likely to overreact in countries with higher individualism and are less likely to overreact in countries with higher uncertainty avoidance.

Real Time Tracing and Alerting System for Vehicles and Children to Ensure Safety and Security Using Labview

The Absolute time monitoring, detecting and Alerting System for vehicles and children is required to trace and transmit the collected information at regular intervals to ensure safety and security of children. The illustration of the Realtime detecting and warning System consists of two units: Tracing Unit that traces the location information, transfers to the monitoring area, records the data in the database and takes the help of these data to locate the exact point of area of the vehicle with Google/other maps. The second unit is Alerting Unit that tracks the students using active Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID)which will be placed on student ID card. radio-wave trans-receiver transmits a common radio wave which is received by the RFID in the ID card. This radio-wave is modified by the RFID’s coil and resent to the receive RFID tags are also used for attendance which is updated directly to the database and displays the other student information.

Maximized redundant and synergistic information transfers predict the rise in the output gene expression noise in a generic class of coherent type-1 feed-forward loop networks

We apply the partial information decomposition principle to a generic coherent type-1 feed-forward loop (C1-FFL) motif with tunable direct and indirect transcriptional regulations of the output gene product and quantify the redundant, synergistic, and unique information transfers from the regulators to their target output species. Our results which are obtained within the small-noise regime of a Gaussian framework reveal that the redundant and synergistic information transfers are antagonistically related to the output noise. Most importantly, these two information flavors are maximized prior to the minimization and subsequent growth of the output noise. Therefore, we hypothesize that the dynamic information redundancy and synergy maxima may possibly be utilized as efficient statistical predictors to forecast the increasing trend of the fluctuations associated with the output gene expression dynamics in the C1-FFL class of network motifs. Our core analytical finding is supported by exact stochastic simulation data and furthermore validated for a diversified repertoire of biologically plausible parameters. Since, the output gene product serves essential physiological purposes in the cell, a predictive estimate of its noise level is supposed to be of considerable biophysical utility.

Information Flow Between Heart Rhythm, Repolarization, and the Diastolic Interval Series for Healthy Individuals and LQTS1 Patients

Using information theoretic measures, relations between heart rhythm, repolarization in the tissue of the heart, and the diastolic interval time series are analyzed. These processes are a fragment of the cardiovascular physiological network. A comparison is made between the results for 84 (42 women) healthy individuals and 65 (45 women) long QT syndrome type 1 (LQTS1) patients. Self-entropy, transfer entropy, and joint transfer entropy are calculated for the three time series and their combinations. The results for self-entropy indicate the well-known result that regularity of heart rhythm for healthy individuals is larger than that of QT interval series. The flow of information depends on the direction with the flow from the heart rhythm to QT dominating. In LQTS1 patients, however, our results indicate that information flow in the opposite direction may occur—a new result. The information flow from the heart rhythm to QT dominates, which verifies the asymmetry seen by Porta et al. in the variable tilt angle experiment. The amount of new information and self-entropy for LQTS1 patients is smaller than that for healthy individuals. However, information transfers from RR to QT and from DI to QT are larger in the case of LQTS1 patients.

Joint user grouping and time allocation for NOMA with wireless power transfer

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has recently been explored to address the challenges in 5G networks such as spectral efficiency, large number of devices, etc. Further, energy harvesting is a promising solution to address the challenges for energy efficiency in 5G networks. In this thesis, joint user grouping, power allocation, and time allocation for NOMA with RF energy harvesting is investigated. We mathematically modeled a framework to optimize user grouping, power allocation, and time allocation for energy harvesting and information transfers. The objective is to maximize data rate while satisfying the constraints on minimum data rate requirement of each user and transmit power. We adopted mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) algorithm to solve the formulated problem. The user grouping in MADS is comparable with the exhaustive search which is computationally very complex. The thesis is supported with simulation results in terms of user grouping, power allocation, user rate, and time sharing.

Joint user grouping and time allocation for NOMA with wireless power transfer

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has recently been explored to address the challenges in 5G networks such as spectral efficiency, large number of devices, etc. Further, energy harvesting is a promising solution to address the challenges for energy efficiency in 5G networks. In this thesis, joint user grouping, power allocation, and time allocation for NOMA with RF energy harvesting is investigated. We mathematically modeled a framework to optimize user grouping, power allocation, and time allocation for energy harvesting and information transfers. The objective is to maximize data rate while satisfying the constraints on minimum data rate requirement of each user and transmit power. We adopted mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) algorithm to solve the formulated problem. The user grouping in MADS is comparable with the exhaustive search which is computationally very complex. The thesis is supported with simulation results in terms of user grouping, power allocation, user rate, and time sharing.