Fault simulation under the multiple observation time approach using backward implications

AirfugeR (Beckman) direct ultracentrifugation of viral samples on electron microscopy grids offers a rapid way to concentrate viral particles or subunits and facilitate their detection and study. Using the A-100 fixed angle rotor (30°) with a K factor of 19 at maximum speed (95 000 rpm), samples up to 240 μl can be prepared for electron microscopy observation in a few minutes: observation time is decreased and structural details are highlighted. Using latex spheres to calculate the increase in sensitivity compared to the inverted drop procedure, we obtained a 10 to 40 fold increase in sensitivity depending on the size of particles. This technique also permits quantification of viral particles in samples if an aliquot is mixed with latex spheres of known concentration.Direct ultracentrifugation for electron microscopy can be performed on laboratory samples such as gradient or column fractions, infected cell supernatant, or on clinical samples such as urine, tears, cephalo-rachidian liquid, etc..

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No effect of artificial gravity on lung function with exercise training during head-down bed rest

International Journal of Astrobiology ◽

10.1017/s1473550415000294 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Longxiang Su ◽

Yinghua Guo ◽

Yajuan Wang ◽

Delong Wang ◽

Changting Liu

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Pulmonary Ventilation ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Observation Time ◽

Artificial Gravity ◽

Postural Changes ◽

Expiratory Flow

AbstractTo explore the effectiveness of microgravity simulated by head-down bed rest (HDBR) and artificial gravity (AG) with exercise on lung function. Twenty-four volunteers were randomly divided into control and exercise countermeasure (CM) groups for 96 h of 6° HDBR. Comparisons of pulse rate, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and lung function were made between these two groups at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 h. Compared with the sitting position, inspiratory capacity and respiratory reserve volume were significantly higher than before HDBR (0° position) (P< 0.05). Vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced inspiratory vital capacity, forced inspiratory volume in 1 s, forced expiratory flow at 25, 50 and 75%, maximal mid-expiratory flow and peak expiratory flow were all significantly lower than those before HDBR (P< 0.05). Neither control nor CM groups showed significant differences in the pulse rate, SpO2, pulmonary volume and pulmonary ventilation function over the HDBR observation time. Postural changes can lead to variation in lung volume and ventilation function, but a HDBR model induced no changes in pulmonary function and therefore should not be used to study AG CMs.

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STUDIES ON RATE OF APPARENT CHANGE AS A FUNCTION OF OBSERVATION TIME, USING A NEW TYPE OF DYNAMIC AMBIGUOUS FIGURE.

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e431552004-001 ◽

1954 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenneth T. Brown

Keyword(s):

Observation Time ◽

Ambiguous Figure ◽

Apparent Change ◽

New Type

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The Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with and without Factor V Leiden

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1656023 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (04) ◽

pp. 624-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

Sabine Eichinger ◽

Ingrid Pabinger ◽

Andreas Stümpfien ◽

Mirko Hirschl ◽

Christine Bialonczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽

Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Factor V Leiden ◽

Multicenter Trial ◽

Observation Time ◽

Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽

Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome ◽

Factor V ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Recurrent Vte

SummaryThromboprophylaxis with oral anticoagulants up to six months is established in patients after a first venous thromboembolic event (VTE). The risk of recurrent VTE is still considerable thereafter, and it is uncertain whether some patients might benefit from extended anticoagulation. We performed a prospective, multicenter trial (4 thrombosis centers) and evaluated in 380 patients with a first or recurrent VTE (patients with a deficiency of antithrombin, protein C, protein S or plasminogen; cancer; or an antiphospholipid antibody syndrome were excluded) the risk of recurrence after discontinuation of secondary thromboprophylaxis with oral anticoagulants. It was the aim of the study to evaluate whether patients with factor V Leiden are at an increased risk of recurrent VTE. 112 (29.5%) patients were carriers of factor V Leiden (26.9% heterozygous, 2.6% homozygous). After a median observation time of 19.3 months the overall recurrence rate of VTE was 9.9%. Recurrent deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism occurred in 26 of 268 patients without factor V Leiden (9.7%) and in 10 of 112 patients with factor V Leiden (8.9%). The probability of recurrent VTE two years after discontinuation of oral anticoagulants was 12.4% (95% Cl 7.8-17) in patients without factor V Leiden and was 10.6% (95% Cl 3.8-17.4) in carriers of the mutation. This difference was statistically not significant. Patients with factor V Leiden are not at a higher risk of recurrent VTE within two years after discontinuation of oral anticoagulants than patients without factor V Leiden. Balancing the risk of recurrent VTE and bleeding from oral. anticoagulants, patients with factor V Leiden are not likely to benefit from oral anticoagulant therapy extended beyond six months.

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