Recommendations on Statistical Randomness Test Batteries for Cryptographic Purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Elena Almaraz Luengo ◽  
Luis Javier García Villalba
Keyword(s):  
Random Numbers ◽  
Hypothesis Tests ◽  
Randomness Test ◽  
Pros And Cons

Security in different applications is closely related to the goodness of the sequences generated for such purposes. Not only in Cryptography but also in other areas, it is necessary to obtain long sequences of random numbers or that, at least, behave as such. To decide whether the generator used produces sequences that are random, unpredictable and independent, statistical checks are needed. Different batteries of hypothesis tests have been proposed for this purpose. In this work, a survey of the main test batteries is presented, indicating their pros and cons, giving some guidelines for their use and presenting some practical examples.

scholarly journals Pseudorandom Number Generator (PRNG) Design Using Hyper-Chaotic Modified Robust Logistic Map (HC-MRLM)

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Asim Ali ◽  
Muhammad Asif Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ehatisham-ul-Haq ◽  
Syed Nasir Mehmood Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Logistic Map ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Pseudorandom Number Generator ◽  
Control Of Chaos ◽  
Randomness Test ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Chaotic Parameter

Robust chaotic systems, due to their inherent properties of mixing, ergodicity, and larger chaotic parameter space, constitute a perfect candidate for cryptography. This paper reports a novel method to generate random numbers using modified robust logistic map (MRLM). The non-smooth probability distribution function of robust logistic map (RLM) trajectories gives an un-even binary distribution in randomness test. To overcome this disadvantage in RLM, control of chaos (CoC) is proposed for smooth probability distribution function of RLM. For testing the proposed design, cryptographic random numbers generated by MRLM were vetted with National Institute of Standards and Technology statistical test suite (NIST 800-22). The results showed that proposed MRLM generates cryptographically secure random numbers (CSPRNG).

A simulation study on the accuracy of cryptographic randomness tests

SIMULATION ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1113-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydar Demirhan ◽  
Nihan Bitirim
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hypothesis Tests ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Study ◽  
Randomness Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Randomness Tests

Randomness provided by pseudo-random number generators is the one of the most vital parts of cryptographic applications. There are two gaps in the cryptographic randomness test procedures used to evaluate the degree of randomness. Firstly, although there are more accurate alternatives, the usual chi-square test is directly applied regardless of the predictive power of the tests. Secondly, although there are more than 100 cryptographic randomness tests available in the literature of cryptography, the statistical characteristics and accuracy of those hypothesis tests have not been figured out by an extensive simulation study. To conduct appropriate and reliable hypothesis tests, the main statistical characteristics of the tests should be studied. In this article, the usage of alternatives to the chi-square test, such as Anderson–Darling, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Jarque–Bera tests, in testing the cryptographic randomness is proposed to get better statistical properties. Also, the effects of type-I error, sensitivity, specificity, power, negative predictive value, and goodness-of-fit tests on the accuracy of recently proposed and existing cryptographic randomness tests are evaluated by an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study. The results are beneficial for practitioners wishing to choose the most appropriate cryptographic randomness test procedure and for the evaluation of accuracy of the cryptographic randomness tests in the detection of non-randomness for cryptographic applications.

A Cost-Effective Approach of Hardware Random Number Generator

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2803-2806
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Li Xuan Ye ◽  
Jun Pu
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Number Generator ◽  
Randomness Test ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Processing Module

This paper shows the research on hardware random number generator (HRNG). As truly random numbers are strongly required in encryption and computer simulation areas, developing a simple and inexpensive HRNG has significant value. The whole system is divided into the noise generating module and the processing module. After the numbers are generated, a randomness test has been carried out which indicates that the random numbers generated are truly random. It is concluded that the final product of this HRNG meets the requirements of the objectives.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Binary Random Number Generator Using the Knight Tour Problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shakir Mahmood ◽  
Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahim ◽  
Nur Zuraifah Syazrah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Random Number ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Number Generator ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Numerical Function ◽  
Randomness Test ◽  
Network Administrators ◽  
Strong Capacity

<p>A random number can be defined as a set of numbers produced by a numerical function, in which the next number is unpredictable and a relationship between successive occurrences is lacking. Moreover, these sequences cannot be reproduced unless the same generator function with an exact initial value is used. The design of a random number generator must overcome the previous problems of a low periodic and the capacity to reproduce the same sequence. This paper proposes the knight tour as a tool for generating pseudo random numbers. These random numbers can be use in the encryption process or in a password generator for network administrators. The randomness test suite is used to ensure the randomness of outcome sequences. Roughly, 75% of the test results obtained is better than the results from other works. The statistical properties and security analysis indicate that the knight tour application is highly successful in generating a pseudo random number with good statistical results, high linear complexity and strong capacity to withstand attacks.</p>

Every Contraceptive Option Has Pros and Cons

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
KERRI WACHTER
Keyword(s):  
Pros And Cons

Noninvasive Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease – Anatomical versus Functional Imaging and the Marginal Role of Exercise Electrocardiograms

Praxis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (14) ◽  
pp. 1141-1149
Author(s):  
Martina Boscolo Berto ◽  
Dominik C. Benz ◽  
Christoph Gräni
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Noninvasive Assessment ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

Abstract. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized countries. Assessment of symptomatic patients with suspected obstructive CAD is a common reason for a clinical visit. Noninvasive anatomical and functional imaging are established tools to rule-in and rule-out CAD, to assess the severity of disease and to determine the potential risk of future cardiovascular events. In this review, we discuss the updated Guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology on Chronic Coronary Syndromes and explore the different imaging modalities used in current clinical practice for the noninvasive assessment of CAD. The pros and cons of each method, especially comparing anatomical and functional testing, are presented. Furthermore we we address the practical clinical aspects in the selection of the optimal noninvasive tests according to clinical need.

How to be ConTENT With Rorschach CONtent

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
Charles A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Abstract Content

Abstract. Content analysis is a late and contentious addition to the Rorschach canon. The determinants have ruled. Hermann Rorschach was at best, ambivalent about content analysis, focusing on the perceptual aspects of the process. Rorschachers have been not been conTENT about CONtent. The literature on the pros and cons and the how-to of content analysis is reviewed chronologically, concluding with eight issues and objections that have left Rorschach practitioners malcontent with content. Hoping to help practitioners improve the analysis of Rorschach content, ten suggestions, often with examples, are offered, these “hints” affecting both conceptualization and practice. A case fragment is appended to the review to host the above suggestions and to illustrate the (likely) less frequent “active evocation” of content to further the analysis.

The Pros and Cons of Growing Up in the Electronic Age

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Hitlan ◽  
M. Catherine DeSoto
Keyword(s):  
Growing Up ◽  
Pros And Cons

Generating Predictability: Pros and Cons

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Pros And Cons
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