scholarly journals Serial Femtosecond Crystallography of G Protein–Coupled Receptors

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Stauch ◽  
Vadim Cherezov
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Mediate Cell ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Serial Femtosecond Crystallography

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a large superfamily of membrane proteins that mediate cell signaling and regulate a variety of physiological processes in the human body. Structure-function studies of this superfamily were enabled a decade ago by multiple breakthroughs in technology that included receptor stabilization, crystallization in a membrane environment, and microcrystallography. The recent emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has further accelerated structural studies of GPCRs and other challenging proteins by overcoming radiation damage and providing access to high-resolution structures and dynamics using micrometer-sized crystals. Here, we summarize key technology advancements and major milestones of GPCR research using XFELs and provide a brief outlook on future developments in the field.

Reprint of “Cell-free production of G protein-coupled receptors for functional and structural studies” [J. Struct. Biol. 158 (2007) 482–493]☆

2007 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Klammt ◽  
Daniel Schwarz ◽  
Nora Eifler ◽  
Andreas Engel ◽  
Jacob Piehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Identification Methods of G Protein-Coupled Receptors

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Meriem Zekri ◽  
Karima Alem ◽  
Labiba Souici-Meslati
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Signaling Networks ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cell Signaling Networks ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) include one of the largest and most important families of multifunctional proteins known to molecular biology. They play a key role in cell signaling networks that regulate many physiological processes, such as vision, smell, taste, neurotransmission, secretion, immune responses, metabolism, and cell growth. These proteins are thus very important for understanding human physiology and they are involved in several diseases. Therefore, many efforts in pharmaceutical research are to understand their structures and functions, which is not an easy task, because although thousands GPCR sequences are known, many of them remain orphans. To remedy this, many methods have been developed using methods such as statistics, machine learning algorithms, and bio-inspired approaches. In this article, the authors review the approaches used to develop algorithms for classification GPCRs by trying to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of these different approaches and providing a comparison of their performances.

scholarly journals Characterization and Expression Profiling of Neuropeptides and G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) for Neuropeptides in the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengbing Wang ◽  
Wenwu Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Hameed ◽  
Jiali Liu ◽  
Xinnian Zeng
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Neuropeptide Receptors ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Active Substances

Neuropeptides are endogenous active substances that widely exist in multicellular biological nerve tissue and participate in the function of the nervous system, and most of them act on neuropeptide receptors. In insects, neuropeptides and their receptors play important roles in controlling a multitude of physiological processes. In this project, we sequenced the transcriptome from twelve tissues of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. A total of 40 candidate neuropeptide genes and 42 neuropeptide receptor genes were identified. Among the neuropeptide receptor genes, 35 of them belong to the A-family (or rhodopsin-like), four of them belong to the B-family (or secretin-like), and three of them are leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors. The expression profile of the 82 genes across developmental stages was determined by qRT-PCR. Our study provides the first investigation on the genes of neuropeptides and their receptors in D. citri, which may play key roles in regulating the physiology and behaviors of D. citri.

G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Discovery: Nanosizing Using Cell-Free Technologies and Molecular Biology Approaches

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne R. Leifert ◽  
Amanda L. Aloia ◽  
Olgatina Bucco ◽  
Richard V. Glatz ◽  
Edward J. McMurchie
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Orphan Receptors ◽  
Molecular Switching ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Current Cell ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Signaling Components

Signal transduction by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) underpins a multitude of physiological processes. Ligand recognition by the receptor leads to activation of a genericmolecular switch involving heterotrimeric G-proteins and guanine nucleotides. Signal transduction has been studied extensively with both cell-based systems and assays comprising isolated signaling components. Interest and commercial investment in GPCRs in areas such as drug targets, orphan receptors, highthroughput screening, biosensors, and so on will focus greater attention on assay development to allow for miniaturization, ultra-high throughput and, eventually, microarray/biochip assay formats. Although cell-based assays are adequate for many GPCRs, it is likely that these formatswill limit the development of higher density GPCRassay platforms mandatory for other applications. Stable, robust, cell-free signaling assemblies comprising receptor and appropriate molecular switching components will form the basis of future GPCR assay platforms adaptable for such applications as microarrays. The authors review current cell-free GPCR assay technologies and molecular biological approaches for construction of novel, functional GPCR assays.

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