scholarly journals The Causes and Consequences of Urban Riot and Unrest

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Newburn
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Crowd Behavior ◽  
Life Cycle Model ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Critical Overview

This review explores those varied bodies of work that have sought to understand crowd behavior and violent crowd conduct in particular. Although the study of such collective conduct was once considered central to social science, this has long ceased to be the case and in many respects the study of protest and riot now receives relatively little attention, especially within criminology. In addition to offering a critical overview of work in this field, this review argues in favor of an expanded conception of its subject matter. In recent times, scholarly concern has increasingly been focused on questions of etiology, i.e., asking how and why events such as riots occur, with the consequence that less attention is paid to other, arguably equally important questions, including how riots spread, how they end, and, critically, what happens in their aftermath. Accordingly, as a corrective, the review proposes a life-cycle model of riots. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 4 is January 13, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Defining Project Objectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
Kai R. Larsen ◽  
Daniel S. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Life Cycle Model ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Success Criteria ◽  
Subject Matter Expertise ◽  
Project Objectives

This section covers the first steps of a the Machine Learning Life Cycle Model; how to specify a business problem, acquire subject matter expertise, define prediction target, define unit of analysis, identify success criteria, evaluate risks, and finally, decide whether to continue a project. Focus is on who will use the model, whether management is supportive, whether the drivers of the model can be visualized, and how much value a model can produce.

Infrastructures and Laws: Publics and Publicness

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict Kingsbury ◽  
Nahuel Maisley
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nancy Fraser

Infrastructures are technical-social assemblages infused in politics and power relations. They spur public action, prompting increased scholarly reference to the practices of infrastructural publics. This article explores the normative and conceptual meanings of infrastructures, publics, and infrastructural publics. It distills from political theory traditions of Hannah Arendt, Jürgen Habermas, and Nancy Fraser a normative ideal of publics composed of the persons subject to a particular configuration of power relations that may significantly affect their autonomy. Autonomy can be seriously affected not only by existing or planned infrastructures, with their existing or anticipating users and workers and objectors, but also by the lack of an infrastructure or by the terms of infrastructural exclusions, rationings, channelings, and fiscal impositions. Legal-institutional mechanisms provide some of the means for infrastructural publics to act and be heard, and for conflicts between or within different publics to be addressed, operationalizing legal ideas of publicness. These mechanisms are often underprovided or misaligned with infrastructure. One reason is the murkiness and insecurity of relations of infrastructural publics to legal publics constituted or framed as such by institutions and instruments of law and governance. We argue that thoughtful integration of infrastructural and legal scaling and design, accompanied by a normative aspiration to publicness, may have beneficial effects. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Law and Social Science, Volume 17 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The Classification of South American Languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev Michael
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
South American ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distance Relationship ◽  
Critical Overview

With some 108 independent genealogical units, South America is the linguistically most diverse region of our planet and presents a particular challenge to linguists seeking to understand the genealogical relationships among human languages. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in the internal classification of South American language families, and this article provides a critical overview of research in this very active area, focusing on the seven largest language families of the continent: Arawakan, Cariban, Jê, Panoan, Quechuan, Tukanoan, and Tupian. The strengths and weaknesses of major classification proposals are examined, and directions for future research discussed. Several long-distance relationship proposals that South Americanists are actively debating, including Tupi-Cariban, Pano-Takanan, Quechumaran, TuKaJê, and Macro-Jê, are also examined. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Linguistics, Volume 7 is January 14, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Transitional Justice and Property: Inextricably Linked

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Alviar García
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Gender Biases

This article analyzes the different ways in which transitional justice has dealt with demands over property restitution and redistribution. To do this, it presents a review of academic literature regarding how to define reparation, the justifications for restitution, and the debate regarding property redistribution as a part of peace negotiations. The article ends with a synthesis of the different critiques raised to the ways in which restitution and redistribution of property have been legally structured. These critiques include foregrounding neoliberalism (as an economic ideal and a governance project) in transitional justice, unveiling gender biases as well as demands for more comprehensive redistribution in the aftermath of civil war. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Law and Social Science, Volume 17 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The Power of Beliefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Levi
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Empirical Social Science

My commitment to combining normative concerns with empirical social science led, perhaps a bit counterintuitively, to early adoption of rational choice political economy. However, it was a modified form of rational choice that takes into account ethical and societal concerns. This was the approach I applied to considerations of compliance and consent with government, what makes a trustworthy government, the formation of legitimating beliefs, and finally the construction of an expanded and inclusive community of fate as a building block for a new moral political economy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Social Theory and Legal Theory: Contemporary Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Cotterrell
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Current Range ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

This article identifies points of comparison between legal theory and social theory and possibilities for research communication between them. The current range of both fields is such that each must be seen as a compendium of very diverse intellectual projects. So, the article explores particular contemporary themes around which the interests of juristic scholars and social theorists are converging, albeit that their theoretical aims often differ. Contrasting and complementary juristic and social theoretical perspectives are considered in relation to the following: the future of legal individualism, the identity of law as a social phenomenon, the relations of law and power, the contribution of law to societal integration, and the changing relation of law and the state. The article argues that these five themes reveal major intellectual challenges for both legal theory and social theory and productive future areas for inquiry. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Law and Social Science, Volume 17 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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