scholarly journals Evolution of Insect Color Vision: From Spectral Sensitivity to Visual Ecology

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper J. van der Kooi ◽  
Doekele G. Stavenga ◽  
Kentaro Arikawa ◽  
Gregor Belušič ◽  
Almut Kelber
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Visual Ecology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Retinal Structure ◽  
Perceived Color

Color vision is widespread among insects but varies among species, depending on the spectral sensitivities and interplay of the participating photoreceptors. The spectral sensitivity of a photoreceptor is principally determined by the absorption spectrum of the expressed visual pigment, but it can be modified by various optical and electrophysiological factors. For example, screening and filtering pigments, rhabdom waveguide properties, retinal structure, and neural processing all influence the perceived color signal. We review the diversity in compound eye structure, visual pigments, photoreceptor physiology, and visual ecology of insects. Based on an overview of the current information about the spectral sensitivities of insect photoreceptors, covering 221 species in 13 insect orders, we discuss the evolution of color vision and highlight present knowledge gaps and promising future research directions in the field.

Developing Management from Islamic Perspectives (MIP) as a Formal Academic Discipline

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-69
Author(s):  
Shamas-Ur-Rehman Toor
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
International Consortium ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Management from Islamic Perspectives (MIP) is an emerging field that has begun to attract scholarly attention. However, the research undertaken so far has been rather fragmented and lack a clear agenda. This paper presents a literature review of the field and the areas of current focus. Although the field has a huge growth potential, I argue that it faces several challenges and problems as it develops further. I outline these potential pitfalls, suggest how to develop MIP as a formal discipline, and explain how to integrate it within real-life business practices. The article closes with a call for research to be conducted in a more organized fashion through an international consortium of researchers as well as recommendations for future research directions.

Is Cannabis Tourism Deviant? A Theoretical Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyu Ying ◽  
Jun Wen ◽  
Hairong Shan
Keyword(s):  
Moral Identity ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
Future Research Directions

With the growth of cannabis tourism, destinations such as the Netherlands have begun to offer cannabis-related products and services to visitors, including tourists from countries where all drugs are strictly prohibited. Yet limited research has sought to understand cannabis-oriented tourists' efforts to neutralize deviant connotations, namely by justifying or rationalizing misbehavior, when deciding to participate in cannabis tourism. This research note proposes a framework of deviant consumption behavior (DCB) constructed of geographic shifting, self-identity shifting, and moral identity shifting from the perspective of cannabis-oriented tourists to delineate tourists' decision-making process around engaging in deviant behaviors. The proposed framework suggests that previously developed DCB frameworks in the marketing and consumer behavior literature should be adapted for use in outbound tourism research. This research note also highlights areas for debate and investigation regarding cannabis tourists' deviant behavior. Future research directions are provided based on the proposed framework as it applies to deviant tourism research.

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