Innate Lymphocyte Mechanisms in Skin Diseases

Innate lymphocyte populations are emerging as key effectors in tissue homeostasis, microbial defense, and inflammatory skin disease. The cells are evolutionarily ancient and carry conserved principles of function, which can be achieved through shared or unique specific mechanisms. Recent technological and treatment advances have provided insight into heterogeneity within and between individuals and species. Similar pathways can extend through to adaptive lymphocytes, which softens the margins with innate lymphocyte populations and allows investigation of nonredundant pathways of immunity and inflammation that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Here, we review advances in understanding of innate lymphocyte biology with a focus on skin disease and the roles of commensal and pathogen responses and tissue homeostasis.

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COVID-19 and Psoriasis: A Concise Systematic Review

MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.54448/mdnt2143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Silva Rocha ◽

Lorenna Lemos de Aquino ◽

Ágda Tamires da Silva Rodrigues ◽

Clarice Paiva de Oliveira ◽

Lívia Mendes Montoya Lazo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Skin Disease ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Immunosuppressive Agents ◽

Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽

Biological Products ◽

Dermatological Disease ◽

Inflammatory Skin

Introduction: The effects on human health caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lead to hyperinflammation processes, which can lead to meta-inflammation. This process can aggravate skin diseases, especially psoriasis. This is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with significant morbidity. This problem affects about 2-3% of people worldwide. Objective: to demonstrate, through a concise systematic review, the main considerations about the relationship between COVID-19 and psoriasis, showing the possible mechanisms for the worsening of this dermatological disease. Methods: The research was carried out from June 2021 to July 2021 and developed based on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar, following the Systematic Review-PRISMA rules. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease and is autoimmune. Patients with COVID-19 may have features of hyper inflammation and even meta-inflammation. The triggering or exacerbating factor of psoriasis may be medications and, in addition, patients with COVID-19 may have psoriasis exacerbation. Reports indicated that psoriasis patients using biological products were no longer susceptible to COVID-19 and the severe clinical course of the disease. It is envisioned that the use of azithromycin in cases of COVID 19 with pre-existing psoriasis can alleviate psoriatic lesions. Conclusion: The COVID 19 pandemic had a direct impact on dermatological diseases, especially psoriasis. Difficulty in accessing health care services and the stress load caused exacerbations in psoriasis cases. Studies recommend avoiding classic immunosuppressive agents such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and TNF alpha inhibitors. Reports indicated that psoriasis patients using biological products were no longer susceptible to COVID-19 and the severe clinical course of the disease.

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The pathogenesis of psoriasis: insight into a complex “Mobius Loop” regulation process

Archives of Pathology and Clinical Research ◽

10.29328/journal.apcr.1001024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 020-025

Author(s):

Jiang Yuankuan ◽

Chen Haiyang ◽

Liu Jiayue ◽

Wei Tianfu ◽

Ge Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Skin Disease ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Complex Mechanism ◽

Immune Disorders ◽

Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽

Regulation Process ◽

Inflammatory Skin ◽

Insight Into ◽

Stress Proliferation

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex mechanism, which is believed to be mainly based on immune disorders and activation of inflammatory pathways. However, we have combed through the literature and found that the pathogenesis of psoriasis might involve a “mobius loop” of “immunity-inflammation-oxidative stress-proliferation” process. The disordered immune environment of the skin might act as the basis, the outbreak of inflammatory factors as the mediator, and the imbalance of oxidative stress homeostasis as the activator. These factors work together, leading to abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes and further immune abnormalities, finally aggravating psoriasis. Therefore, here we review the latest evidence and advance in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, trying to contribute to further understanding and treatment of psoriasis.

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Evidence of a common causal relationship between body mass index and inflammatory skin disease: a Mendelian Randomization study

10.1101/265629 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashley Budu-Aggrey ◽

Ben Brumpton ◽

Jess Tyrrell ◽

Sarah Watkins ◽

Ellen H Modalsli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Causal Relationship ◽

Body Mass ◽

Skin Disease ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽

Level Data ◽

Inflammatory Skin

ABSTRACTObjectivePsoriasis and eczema are common inflammatory skin diseases that have been reported to be associated with obesity. However, causality has not yet been established. We aimed to investigate the possible causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and psoriasis or eczema.MethodsFollowing a review of published epidemiological evidence of the association between obesity and either psoriasis or eczema, Mendelian Randomization (MR) was used to test for a causal relationship between BMI and these inflammatory skin conditions. We used a genetic instrument comprising 97 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMI. One-sample MR was conducted using individual-level data (401,508 individuals) from the UK Biobank and the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), Norway. Two-sample MR was performed with summary-level data (731,021 individuals) from published BMI, psoriasis and eczema GWAS. The one-sample and two-sample MR estimates were meta-analysed using a fixed effect model. To explore the reverse causal direction, MR analysis with genetic instruments comprising variants from recent genome-wide analyses for psoriasis and eczema were used to test if inflammatory skin disease has a causal effect on BMI.ResultsPublished observational data show an association of greater BMI with both psoriasis and eczema case status. The observational associations were confirmed in UK Biobank and HUNT datasets. MR analyses provide evidence that higher BMI causally increases the odds of psoriasis (by 53% per 5 units higher BMI; OR= 1.09 (1.06 to 1.12) per 1 kg/m2; P=4.67×10-9) and eczema (by 8% per 5 units higher BMI; OR=1.02 (1.00 to 1.03) per 1 kg/m2; P=0.09). When investigating causality in the opposite direction, MR estimates provide little evidence for an effect of either psoriasis or eczema influencing BMI.ConclusionOur study, using genetic variants as instrumental variables for BMI, shows that higher BMI leads to a higher risk of inflammatory skin disease. The causal relationship was stronger for psoriasis than eczema. Therapies and life-style interventions aimed at controlling BMI or targeting the mechanisms linking obesity with skin inflammation may offer an opportunity for the prevention or treatment of these common skin diseases.

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The role of IL-36γ/IL-1F9 in developing erythroderma in patients with psoriasis

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17750/kmj2015-080 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 80-84

Author(s):

D V Zaslavskiy ◽

I N Chuprov ◽

A A Sydikov ◽

K U Ibragimov ◽

P Wolkenstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Disease ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Drug Hypersensitivity ◽

Hypersensitivity Syndrome ◽

Specific Marker ◽

Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽

Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Skin ◽

Underlying Diseases

Erythroderma is the term used for naming any inflammatory skin disease affecting over 90% of cutaneous surface. Numerous etiologic factors may background erythroderma; however, this condition is most often associated with such underlying diseases as eczema, drug hypersensitivity syndrome, cutaneous epidermotropic lymphoma, photosensitization. Being the most severe clinical form of psoriasis, psoriatic erythroderma may be a life hazard in patients with psoriasis, requiring admission and systemic treatment. The paper reviews modern data on psoriasis and psoriatic erythroderma pathogenesis. The biological role of IL-36γ/IL-1F9 - novel specific marker of psoriasis - is described in detail. Data of researches of this marker in different forms of inflammatory skin disease are discussed. Unlike other earlier described markers of psoriasis, for example, S100 A7, A8, A9 proteins, IL-36γ was highly specific to psoriasis, and rarely found at other inflammatory skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis). The role of IL-36γ in diagnosing erythroderma in patients with psoriasis is described. The most specific and promising marker for distinguishing psoriatic erythroderma from other forms of erythroderma, IL-36γ can be detected at early stages of the disease, allowing to administer early causative treatment, improving treatment effect and preventing complications.

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IL-13 antagonists in the treatment of atopic dermatitis

Immunotherapy ◽

10.2217/imt-2020-0253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 327-344

Author(s):

Carla Tubau ◽

Lluís Puig

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Skin Disease ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽

Receptor Alpha ◽

Inflammatory Skin

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease. IL-13 contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of AD in several ways, and beneficial results have been demonstrated with anti-IL-13 therapies. Currently, the only monoclonal antibody (mAb) approved for AD treatment is dupilumab, an antagonist of the IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) subunit common to IL-4 and IL-13 receptors, but clinical trials evaluating anti-IL-13 mAbs are providing promising results. The topics of this review will be mAbs targeting IL-13 for the treatment of AD such as dupilumab, tralokinumab and lebrikizumab, small molecules targeting the IL-13 pathway, and a brief explanation of therapies targeting IL-13 for the treatment of other skin diseases.

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