scholarly journals Correlating the Voltage Hysteresis in Li- and Mn-Rich Layered Oxides to Reversible Structural Changes by Using X-ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Strehle ◽  
Tanja Zünd ◽  
Sabrina Sicolo ◽  
Aleksandr Kiessling ◽  
Volodymyr Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutron Powder Diffraction ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides (LMR-NCMs) are promising cathode active materials (CAMs) in future lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high energy density. However, the material undergoes a unique open circuit voltage (OCV) hysteresis between charge and discharge after activation, which compromises its roundtrip energy efficiency and affects the thermal management requirements for an LIB system. The hysteresis is believed to be caused by transition metal (TM) migration and/or by oxygen redox activities. Using in-situ X-ray powder diffraction (XPD), we monitor the lattice parameters of over-lithiated NCMs during the initial cycles and show that also the lattice parameters feature a distinct path dependence. When correlated to the OCV instead of the state of charge (SOC), this hysteresis vanishes for the unit cell volume and gives a linear correlation that is identical for different degrees of over-lithiation. We further aimed at elucidating the role of TM migration on the hysteresis phenomena by applying joint Rietveld refinements to a series of ex-situ XPD and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) samples. We critically discuss the limitations of this approach and compare the results with DFT simulations, showing that the quantification of TM migration in LMR-NCMs by diffraction is not as straightforward as often believed.

Study of Fractal Dimension and Porosity of Li2TiO3 Used as a Battery

2014 ◽  
Vol 1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Nava-Dino ◽  
P.I Cordero-De Los Rios ◽  
R.A. Acosta-Chávez ◽  
N.L. Mendez-Mariscal ◽  
J.E. Mendoza-Negrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Future Behavior ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTLithium ion batteries are becoming more important because of their high energy density and design flexibility. The capacity of these batteries is usually cathode limited; so, it follows that increasing the capacity of the cathode is essential to raise the performance of such batteries. In this work, fractal dimension study is used to understand the behavior of a Li2TiO3 made by mechanical milling, as a way to improve their uses in energy storage. Digital image analysis allows the study of fractal dimension; X-ray, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis were used to analyze changes on the surface of samples from the current results the distinctive characteristics of the surfaces for each sample may be obtained, making it possible to predict a future behavior of the samples. MATLAB software FRACLAB 2.03 developed by INRIA was used as a tool.

Stabilizing the cationic/anionic redox chemistry of Li-rich layered cathodes by tuning the upper cut-off voltage for high energy-density lithium-ion batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
pp. 14214-14222
Author(s):  
Peiyu Hou ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Haitao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Redox Chemistry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
Layered Cathodes

The reversibility of cationic/anionic redox chemistries is significantly improved for the Li-rich layered oxides at a low upper cut-off voltage of 4.5 V (vs. Li/Li+).

scholarly journals Ordered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode in Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide-Based Ionic Liquid Electrolyte: Importance of the Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Jeong Lee ◽  
Zachary Brown ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Jack Fawdon ◽  
Weixin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

<div><div><div><p>The high voltage (4.7 V vs. Li+ /Li) spinel lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 , LNMO) is a promising candidate for the next-generation of lithium ion batteries due to its high energy density, low cost and environmental impact. However, poor cycling performance at high cutoff potentials limits its commercialization. Herein, hollow structured LNMO is synergistically paired with an ionic liquid electrolyte, 1M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Pyr1,3 FSI) to achieve stable cycling performance and improved rate capability. The optimized cathode-electrolyte system exhibits extended cycling performance (>85% capacity retention after 300 cycles) and high rate performance (106.2mAhg–1 at 5C) even at an elevated temperature of 65 ◦C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spatially resolved x-ray fluorescence analyses confirm the formation of a robust, LiF-rich cathode electrolyte interphase. This study presents a comprehensive design strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of high-voltage cathode materials.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Cold Ageing of NMC811 Lithium-ion Batteries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4724
Author(s):  
Chongming Wang ◽  
Tazdin Amietszajew ◽  
Ruth Carvajal ◽  
Yue Guo ◽  
Zahoor Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lithium Dendrites ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Short Circuits

In the application of electric vehicles, LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)-a Ni-rich cathode has the potential of replacing LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC111) due to its high energy density. However, NMC811 features relatively poor structural and thermal stabilities, which affect its cycle life. This study aims to address the limited data availability research gap on NMC811 low-temperature degradation. We aged commercial 21700 NMC811 cells at 0 °C under 0.5 C and 1 C current rates. After 200 cycles, post-mortem visual, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, the inspections of harvested electrodes were conducted. In just 200 cold cycles, capacity drops of 25% and 49% were observed in cells aged at 1 C and 0.5 C, respectively. The fast degradation at low temperatures is largely due to lithium plating at the anode side during the charging process. The surprisingly better performance at 1 C is related to enhanced cell self-heating. After subsequent 3-month storage, the cells that experienced 200 cycles at 0 °C and 0.5 C became faulty (voltage: ≈ 0 V), possibly due to cell lithium dendrites and micro short circuits. This work demonstrates that NMC811 suffers from poor cold ageing performance and subsequent premature end-of-life.

Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: a review from fundamentals to research progress and applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongge Pan ◽  
Shiming Zhang ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Mingxia Gao ◽  
Yongfeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
Layered Oxide ◽  
Oxide Cathode

Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides (LMRO) have drawn much attention for application as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high-energy density of over 1000 W h kg−1.

scholarly journals Material design of high-capacity Li-rich layered-oxide electrodes: Li2MnO3 and beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2201-2211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Kim ◽  
Muratahan Aykol ◽  
Vinay I. Hegde ◽  
Zhi Lu ◽  
Scott Kirklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Function Theory ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Material Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Density Function Theory ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
Oxide Electrodes

Material design of new Li-rich Li2(MI,MII)O3 layered oxides for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries via multi-faceted high-throughput density function theory calculations.

Structure of LaNi3.8AlMn0.2 Compounds Studied by Neutron Powder Diffraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Wen Ze Han ◽  
Hao Guo ◽  
Kai Sun ◽  
De Min Chen ◽  
Shi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Neutron Powder Diffraction ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
Linear Variation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Space Groups

The structures of as-cast LaNi3.8AlMn0.2 alloys and subsequent compounds by means of annealing at different temperature (850, 900, 950, 1000 oC) were examined by using neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the Rietveld method, the diffraction data was refined using FullProf software. The refined results demonstrate the structure types of all compounds are CaCu5 type and their space groups are P6/mmm. Increasing the annealing temperature, the lattice parameters of LaNi3.8AlMn0.2 compounds did not possess clearly linear variation. It is noted that Mn atoms do not occupy the 2c sites but occupy the 3g sites in all compounds.

scholarly journals CATHODE MATERIALS OF ROCK SALT DERIVATIVE STRUCTURES FOR SODIUM-ION SECONDARY POWER SOURCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Sergiy Malovanyy
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cost

The rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have been dominating the portable electronic market for the past two decades with high energy density and long cycle-life. However, applications of lithium-ion batteries in large-scale stationary energy storage are likely to be limited by the high cost and availability of lithium resources. The room temperature Na-ion secondary battery have received extensive investigations for large-scale energy storage systems (EESs) and smart grids lately due to similar chemistry of “rocking-chair” sodium storage mechanism, lower price and huge abundance. They are considered as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale applications, bringing an increasing research interests in materials for sodium-ion batteries. Although there are many obstacles to overcome before the Na-ion battery becomes commercially available, recent research discoveries corroborate that some of the cathode materials for the Na-ion battery have indeed advantages over its Li-ion competitors. Layered oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacities. In this publication, a review of layered oxides (NaxMO2, M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and a mixture of 2 or 3 elements) as a Na-ion battery cathode is presented. O3 and P2 layered sodium transition metal oxides  NaxMO2 are a promising class of cathode materials for Na secondary battery applications. These materials, however, all suffer from capacity decline when the extraction of Na exceeds certain capacity limits. Understanding the causes of this capacity decay is critical to unlocking the potential of these materials for battery applications.  Single layered oxide systems are well characterized not only for their electrochemical performance, but also for their structural transitions during the cycle. Binary oxides systems are investigated in order to address issues regarding low reversible capacity, capacity retention, operating voltage, and structural stability. Some materials already have reached high energy density, which is comparable to that of LiFePO4. On the other hand, the carefully chosen elements in the electrodes also largely determine the cost of SIBs. Therefore, earth abundant-based compounds are ideal candidates for reducing the cost of electrodes. Among all low-cost metal elements, cathodes containing iron, chromium and manganese are the most representative ones. The aim of the article is to present the development of Na layered oxide materials in the past as well as the state of the art today.

Influence of Calcination Temperature on Structure and Electrochemical Behavior of LiNi0.83 Co0.11Mn0.06O2 Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 714-720
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Dan Hua Li ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Yue Feng Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
Temperature Time

Nickel-rich layered oxides (Ni ≥60%) are considered as the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to its high energy density and low cost. However, its cycling performance is seriously influenced by the synthesis condition, like the sintering temperature, time and atmosphere. Herein, we investigate different properties of LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 (LNCMO) sintered from 720 to780 °C, and the cathode calcined at 760 °C display the most perfect layered structure and the uniform distribution of primary particles size. Therefore, the LNCMO sintered at 760 °C exhibited the best rate capability of 118 mAh·g-1 at 10 C and the highest capacity retention of 95.44 % after 100 cycles at 1 C. Our results indicate that the cycling performance and rate capability of LNCMO are heavily depended on the sintering temperature.

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