Practical application of fundamental concepts in exercise physiology

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ramsbottom ◽  
R. F. T. Kinch ◽  
M. G. Morris ◽  
A. M. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mean Power

The collection of primary data in laboratory classes enhances undergraduate practical and critical thinking skills. The present article describes the use of a lecture program, running in parallel with a series of linked practical classes, that emphasizes classical or standard concepts in exercise physiology. The academic and practical program ran under the title of a particular year II module named Sports Performance: Physiology and Assessment, and results are presented over a 3-yr period (2004–2006), based on an undergraduate population of 31 men and 34 women. The module compared laboratory-based indexes of endurance (e.g., ventilatory threshold and exercise economy) and high-intensity exercise (e.g., anaerobic power), respectively, with measures of human performance (based on 20-m shuttle run tests). The specific experimental protocols reinforced the lecture content to improve student understanding of the physiological and metabolic responses (and later adaptations) to exercise. In the present study, the strongest relationship with endurance performance was the treadmill velocity at maximal aerobic power ( r = +0.88, P < 0.01, n = 51); in contrast, the strongest relationship with high-intensity exercise performance was the mean power output (in W/kg) measured during a 30-s all-out cycle ergometer sprint ( r = +0.80, P < 0.01, n = 48). In class student data analysis improved undergraduate indepth or critical thinking during seminars and enhanced computer and data presentation skills. The endurance-based laboratories are particularly useful for examining the underlying scientific principles that determine aerobic performance but could equally well be adapted to investigate other topics, e.g., differences in the exercise response between men and women.

Anaerobic Power Responses to Amino Acid Nutritional Supplementation

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Maresh ◽  
Catherine L. Gabaree ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Daniel R. Hannon ◽  
Michael R. Deschenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Double Blind

To examine the effect of a nutritional supplement (ATP-E™) on high intensity exercise performance, 23 physically active males volunteered to perform six Wingate Anaerobic Power tests. Tests were performed prior to and at 14 and 21 days during ATP-E~o~r placebo ingestion. f i e experiment followed a double-blind and random-order design. Twelve subjects (responders, R) showed an increase in preexercise blood ATP on Day 14 of ATP-E™ ingestion compared to control measures. The remaining 11 subjects (nonresponders, NR) had no change in pree~e~cibselo od ATP. Peak power and mean power were unchanged for both R and NR subjects across the exercise tests, but R experienced a decrease (p< 0.05) in immediate postexercise plasma lactate on Day 14 of ATP-E™ testing compared to their control measures. NR had no change in peak plasma lactate at any time during the study. The results suggest that short-term high intensity exercise performance was maintained in R with less reliance on anaerobic metabolism, and that response was evident following 14 days of ATP-E™ ingestion.

scholarly journals Exercise training intensity determination in cardiovascular rehabilitation: Should the guidelines be reconsidered?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 1921-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Hansen ◽  
Kim Bonné ◽  
Toon Alders ◽  
Ann Hermans ◽  
Katrien Copermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Cardiovascular Rehabilitation ◽  
Correct Determination ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

Aims In the rehabilitation of cardiovascular disease patients a correct determination of the endurance-type exercise intensity is important to generate health benefits and preserve medical safety. It remains to be assessed whether the guideline-based exercise intensity domains are internally consistent and agree with physiological responses to exercise in cardiovascular disease patients. Methods A total of 272 cardiovascular disease patients without pacemaker executed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on bike (peak respiratory gas exchange ratio >1.09), to assess peak heart rate (HRpeak), oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and cycling power output (Wpeak). The first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 and VT2, respectively) was determined and extrapolated to %VO2peak, %HRpeak, %heart rate reserve (%HRR) and %Wpeak for comparison with guideline-based exercise intensity domains. Results VT1 was noted at 62 ± 10% VO2peak, 75 ± 10% HRpeak, 42 ± 14% HRR and 47 ± 11% Wpeak, corresponding to the high intensity exercise domain (for %VO2peak and %HRpeak) or low intensity exercise domain (for %Wpeak and %HRR). VT2 was noted at 84 ± 9% VO2peak, 88 ± 8% HRpeak, 74 ± 15% HRR and 76 ± 11% Wpeak, corresponding to the high intensity exercise domain (for %HRR and %Wpeak) or very hard exercise domain (for %HRpeak and %VO2peak). At best (when using %Wpeak) in only 63% and 72% of all patients VT1 and VT2, respectively, corresponded to the same guideline-based exercise intensity domain, but this dropped to about 48% and 52% at worst (when using %HRR and %HRpeak, respectively). In particular, the patient’s VO2peak related to differently elicited guideline-based exercise intensity domains ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The guideline-based exercise intensity domains for cardiovascular disease patients seem inconsistent, thus reiterating the need for adjustment.

Failure of Glycine-Arginine-α-Ketoisocaproic Acid to Improve High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Trained Cyclists

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Beis ◽  
Yaser Mohammad ◽  
Chris Easton ◽  
Yannis P. Pitsiladis
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Trials

Oral supplementation with glycine-arginine-α-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) has previously been shown to improve exhaustive high-intensity exercise performance. There are no controlled studies involving GAKIC supplementation in well-trained subjects. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of GAKIC supplementation on fatigue during high-intensity, repeated cycle sprints in trained cyclists. After at least 2 familiarization trials, 10 well-trained male cyclists completed 2 supramaximal sprint tests each involving 10 sprints of 10 s separated by 50-s rest intervals on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. Subjects ingested 11.2 g of GAKIC or placebo (Pl) during a period of 45 min before the 2 experimental trials, administered in a randomized and double-blind fashion. Peak power declined from the 1st sprint (M ± SD; Pl 1,332 ± 307 W, GAKIC 1,367 ± 342 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl 1,091 ± 229 W, GAKIC 1,061 ± 272 W) and did not differ between conditions (p = .88). Mean power declined from the 1st sprint (Pl 892 ± 151 W, GAKIC 892 ± 153 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl 766 ± 120 W, GAKIC 752 ± 138 W) and did not differ between conditions (p = .96). The fatigue index remained at ~38% throughout the series of sprints and did not differ between conditions (p = .99). Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion increased from the 1st sprint to the 10th sprint and did not differ between conditions (p = .11 and p = .83, respectively). In contrast to previous studies in untrained individuals, these results suggest that GAKIC has no ergogenic effect on repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise in trained individuals.

DATA ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS TRAINING FOR TEACHERS – THE WELSH BACCALAUREATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
RHYS CHRISTOPHER JONES
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistics Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
The Impact

The Welsh Baccalaureate qualification has been adopted by most secondary schoolswithin Wales. In years 12 and 13 (ages 16-18), 50% of the qualification requires students tocollect primary data and also conduct secondary data analysis to write a 5000 word investigative report. To help teachers develop effective teaching strategies and resources, Welsh Government funding enabled key networking events to establish a teacher conference. This paper describes the supportive nature and potential portability of theconference to help teachers’ delivery of critical thinking and data analysis skills. The impact of the conference over the last three years is also discussed, utilising delegate feedback. First published February 2020 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives  

Effect of high-intensity exercise on aerobic performance and airway inflammation in asthma

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Winn ◽  
Melitta McNarry ◽  
Gareth Stratton ◽  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Gwyneth Davies
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Performance

Acceleration of V˙o 2kinetics in heavy submaximal exercise by hyperoxia and prior high-intensity exercise

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1318-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Macdonald ◽  
Preben K. Pedersen ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Exercise Transitions ◽  
The Mean

MacDonald, Maureen, Preben K. Pedersen, and Richard L. Hughson. Acceleration ofV˙o 2 kinetics in heavy submaximal exercise by hyperoxia and prior high-intensity exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(4): 1318–1325, 1997.—We examined the hypothesis that O2 uptake (V˙o 2) would change more rapidly at the onset of step work rate transitions in exercise with hyperoxic gas breathing and after prior high-intensity exercise. The kinetics ofV˙o 2 were determined from the mean response time (MRT; time to 63% of total change inV˙o 2) and calculations of O2 deficit and slow component during normoxic and hyperoxic gas breathing in one group of seven subjects during exercise below and above ventilatory threshold (VT) and in another group of seven subjects during exercise above VT with and without prior high-intensity exercise. In exercise transitions below VT, hyperoxic gas breathing did not affect the kinetic response of V˙o 2 at the onset or end of exercise. At work rates above VT, hyperoxic gas breathing accelerated both the on- and off-transient MRT, reduced the O2 deficit, and decreased theV˙o 2 slow component from minute 3 to minute 6 of exercise, compared with normoxia. Prior exercise above VT accelerated the on-transient MRT and reduced theV˙o 2 slow component from minute 3 to minute 6 of exercise in a second bout of exercise with both normoxic and hyperoxic gas breathing. However, the summated O2 deficit in the second normoxic and hyperoxic steps was not different from that of the first steps in the same gas condition. Faster on-transient responses in exercise above, but not below, VT with hyperoxia and, to a lesser degree, after prior high-intensity exercise above VT support the theory of an O2 transport limitation at the onset of exercise for workloads >VT.

The Maintenance of Anaerobic Power in Intermittent Short-Duration High Intensity Exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S205
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Tadao Isaka ◽  
Tadashi Wada ◽  
Kouji Sakurama ◽  
Fumiko Takenoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
High Intensity Exercise

The Maintenance of Anaerobic Power in Intermittent Short-Duration High Intensity Exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S205
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Tadao Isaka ◽  
Tadashi Wada ◽  
Kouji Sakurama ◽  
Fumiko Takenoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
High Intensity Exercise

Periodic Carbohydrate Replacement during 50 Min of High-Intensity Cycling Improves Subsequent Sprint Performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Ball ◽  
Samuel A. Headley ◽  
Paul M. Vanderburgh ◽  
John C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Flavored Water ◽  
Simulated Time ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 7% carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) drink on sprint capacity immediately following 50 min of high-intensity cycling. After an overnight 12-hr fast, 8 trained male cyclists performed two 50-min simulated time trials on a Monark stationary cycle ergometer. Subjects consumed either the CE or a flavored water placebo (PL) at 10, 20, 30, and 40 min during the time trial. At the conclusion of each 50-min time trial, subjects immediately performed a Wingate Anaerobic Power Test. Peak power, mean power, and minimum power were significantly higher for the CE trials, whereas mean RPE was significantly lower. Mean heart rate and fatigue index were not different between trials. These results suggest that sprint performance following a high-intensity simulated time trial of only 50 min can be improved with periodic consumption of CE during the ride, particularly following an overnight fast, when liver glycogen is likely to be low. These findings have implications for competitive cycling, where sprint capacity at the conclusion of a race is an important determinant of success.

Exercise training in normobaric hypoxia in endurance runners. I. Improvement in aerobic performance capacity

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1238-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane P. Dufour ◽  
Elodie Ponsot ◽  
Joffrey Zoll ◽  
Stéphane Doutreleau ◽  
Evelyne Lonsdorfer-Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Performance Capacity ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Minimal Velocity

This study investigates whether a 6-wk intermittent hypoxia training (IHT), designed to avoid reductions in training loads and intensities, improves the endurance performance capacity of competitive distance runners. Eighteen athletes were randomly assigned to train in normoxia [Nor group; n = 9; maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2 max) = 61.5 ± 1.1 ml·kg−1·min−1] or intermittently in hypoxia (Hyp group; n = 9; V̇o2 max = 64.2 ± 1.2 ml·kg−1·min−1). Into their usual normoxic training schedule, athletes included two weekly high-intensity (second ventilatory threshold) and moderate-duration (24–40 min) training sessions, performed either in normoxia [inspired O2 fraction (FiO2) = 20.9%] or in normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 14.5%). Before and after training, all athletes realized 1) a normoxic and hypoxic incremental test to determine V̇o2 max and ventilatory thresholds (first and second ventilatory threshold), and 2) an all-out test at the pretraining minimal velocity eliciting V̇o2 max to determine their time to exhaustion (Tlim) and the parameters of O2 uptake (V̇o2) kinetics. Only the Hyp group significantly improved V̇o2 max (+5% at both FiO2, P < 0.05), without changes in blood O2-carrying capacity. Moreover, Tlim lengthened in the Hyp group only (+35%, P < 0.001), without significant modifications of V̇o2 kinetics. Despite similar training load, the Nor group displayed no such improvements, with unchanged V̇o2 max (+1%, nonsignificant), Tlim (+10%, nonsignificant), and V̇o2 kinetics. In addition, Tlim improvements in the Hyp group were not correlated with concomitant modifications of other parameters, including V̇o2 max or V̇o2 kinetics. The present IHT model, involving specific high-intensity and moderate-duration hypoxic sessions, may potentialize the metabolic stimuli of training in already trained athletes and elicit peripheral muscle adaptations, resulting in increased endurance performance capacity.

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