Faster ribosome synthesis induced by elevated aortic pressure in rat heart

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. C323-C327 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Chua ◽  
L. A. Russo ◽  
E. E. Gordon ◽  
B. J. Kleinhans ◽  
H. E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Synthesis

An increase in aortic pressure from 60 to 120 mmHg accelerated ribosomal protein synthesis in rat hearts during 1 or 2 h of labeling with 0.4 mM [3H]phenylalanine. When hearts were perfused with buffer that contained 20 mM glucose and normal plasma concentrations of 19 other amino acids without added insulin, ribosomal protein synthesis relative to the rate of total protein synthesis increased from approximately 0.22 to 0.36 and 0.30 as aortic pressure was raised from 60 to 120 mmHg during 1 or 2 h of labeling, respectively. With the addition of insulin, the relative rate of ribosomal protein synthesis averaged 0.33 at an aortic pressure of 60 mmHg and increased to 0.42 when aortic pressure was raised to 120 mmHg. These results indicate that elevation of aortic pressure has a preferential effect on synthesis of new ribosomes. This response appears to be an early and physiologically significant event in cardiac hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Non-enzymatic assembly of active chimeric ribozymes from aminoacylated RNA oligonucleotides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Radakovic ◽  
Saurja Dasgupta ◽  
Tom H Wright ◽  
Harry R.M. Aitken ◽  
Jack W Szostak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Rna World ◽  
Directed Assembly ◽  
Enzymatic Function ◽  
Hammerhead Rna ◽  
Rna Backbone ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Synthesis

Aminoacylated tRNAs, which harbor a covalent linkage between amino acids and RNA, are a universally conserved feature of life. Because they are essential substrates for ribosomal translation, aminoacylated oligonucleotides must have been present in the RNA World prior to the evolution of the ribosome. One possibility we are exploring is that the aminoacyl ester linkage served another function before being recruited for ribosomal protein synthesis. The nonenzymatic assembly of ribozymes from short RNA oligomers under realistic conditions remains a key challenge in demonstrating a plausible pathway from prebiotic chemistry to the RNA World. Here, we show that aminoacylated RNAs can undergo template-directed assembly into chimeric amino acid-RNA polymers that are active ribozymes. We demonstrate that such chimeric polymers can retain the enzymatic function of their all-RNA counterparts by generating chimeric hammerhead, RNA ligase, and aminoacyl transferase ribozymes. Amino acids with diverse side chains form linkages that are well tolerated within the RNA backbone, potentially bringing novel functionalities to ribozyme catalysis. Our work suggests that aminoacylation chemistry may have played a role in primordial ribozyme assembly. Increasing the efficiency of this process provides an evolutionary rationale for the emergence of sequence and amino acid specific aminoacyl-RNA synthetase ribozymes, which could then have generated the substrates for ribosomal protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Precocious germination and its regulation in embryos of triticale caryopses

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Weidner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Precocious Germination ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Triticale Caryopses ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

Triticale var. Lasko embryos, isolated from grain gathered at milk ripeness, the beginning of wax ripeness and at full ripeness, were allowed to germinate for 48 h on agar with glucose. The highest incorporation of tritiated adenosine into polyribosomal RNA during germination was found in the ribosome fractions from embryos of grain gathered at full ripeness, lower incorporation was in preparations from embryos of milk ripe grain and the lowest in preparations from embryos of wax ripe grain. Different tendencies were observed in respect to the synthesis of ribosomal proteins. The highest incorporation of <sup>14</sup>C-amino acids into ribosomal proteins was found in preparations of ribosome fractions from embryos of milk ripe grain, lower in preparations of embryos from fully ripe grain, the lowest in preparations of embryos from wax ripe grain. ABA (10<sup>-4</sup> M) completely inhibited the external symptoms of germination of immature embryos, while its inhibition of the synthesis of polyribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins was greater the more mature the embryos that were germinated. The greatest stimulation of precocious germination by exogenous BA and GA<sub>3</sub> was demonstrated in the least mature embryos isolated from milk ripe grain. Under the influence of both stimulators, an increase of the proportion of polyribosomes in the total ribosome fraction occurred in this sample, as did a rise in the intensity of ribosomal protein synthesis. The incorporation of <sup>3</sup>H-adenosine into polyribosomal RNA, however, was lower than in the control sample. The results obtained suggest that the regulation of precocious germination of triticale embryos by phyto-hormones is not directly related to transcription.

Translational regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis during xenopus development

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
B. Cardinali ◽  
C. Bagni ◽  
F. Amaldi ◽  
N. Campioni ◽  
P. Mariottini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Xenopus Development ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Synthesis

scholarly journals Somatic uniparental disomy with a rare EFL1 variant causes Shwachman-Diamond syndrome through dysregulating ribosomal protein synthesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangmoon Lee ◽  
Chang Hoon Shin ◽  
Che Ry Hong ◽  
Jun-Dae Kim ◽  
Ah-Ra Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Rare Variant ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Uniparental Disomy ◽  
Chromosome 15 ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Shwachman Diamond Syndrome ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Synthesis

We present three unrelated Korean Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) patients that carry an incomplete but identical homozygous EFL1 p.Thr1069Ala variant due to a bone marrow-specific mosaic uniparental disomy (UPD) in chromosome 15. This rare variant is found in 0.017% of East Asians and is asymptomatic in a heterozygous status, but harbors a hypomorphic effect, leading to 80S assembly of ribosomal protein (RP) transcripts. We propose a novel somatically-induced pathogenesis mechanism and EFL1 dysfunction that eventually leads to aberrant translational control and ribosomopathy.

Regulation of Ribosomal Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-36
Author(s):  
A. O. Mikhaylina ◽  
E. Y. Nikonova ◽  
O. S. Kostareva ◽  
S. V. Tishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Synthesis
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