Inwardly rectifying K+ current in osteoclasts

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. C1277-C1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Sims ◽  
S. J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Inward Rectification ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
K Current ◽  
Inwardly Rectifying ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship ◽  
Voltage Relationship

Membrane properties of freshly isolated rat osteoclasts were studied using the whole cell patch-clamp recording technique. The membrane potential could switch between two stable levels, approximately -70 and -15 mV. Voltage-clamp studies indicated that osteoclasts exhibited marked inward rectification, with hyperpolarizing voltage commands from -70 mV activating large inward currents. No voltage-dependent currents were observed in response to depolarization. An increase in external K+ concentration shifted the current-voltage relationship positive in a manner predicted for K+ current. Furthermore, barium and cesium reversibly suppressed the inward current. Thus the dominant current evident in osteoclasts was inwardly rectifying K+ current, resembling that found in a number of cell types, including cardiac and skeletal muscle and oocytes. The current-voltage relationship of osteoclasts was "N-shaped" and could intersect the zero-current level at three potentials, accounting for two stable membrane potentials. Switching of membrane potential between these two levels may regulate a number of the cellular processes involved in bone resorption.

scholarly journals A Na+- and Cl−-activated K+ Channel in the Thick Ascending Limb of Mouse Kidney

2006 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Paulais ◽  
Sahran Lachheb ◽  
Jacques Teulon
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Inward Rectification ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Excitable Cells ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Hill Coefficients ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship ◽  
Voltage Relationship ◽  
High Conductance

This study investigates the presence and properties of Na+-activated K+ (KNa) channels in epithelial renal cells. Using real-time PCR on mouse microdissected nephron segments, we show that Slo2.2 mRNA, which encodes for the KNa channels of excitable cells, is expressed in the medullary and cortical thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop, but not in the other parts of the nephron. Patch-clamp analysis revealed the presence of a high conductance K+ channel in the basolateral membrane of both the medullary and cortical thick ascending limbs. This channel was highly K+ selective (PK/PNa ∼ 20), its conductance ranged from 140 to 180 pS with subconductance levels, and its current/voltage relationship displayed intermediate, Na+-dependent, inward rectification. Internal Na+ and Cl− activated the channel with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) and Hill coefficients (nH) of 30 ± 1 mM and 3.9 ± 0.5 for internal Na+, and 35 ± 10 mM and 1.3 ± 0.25 for internal Cl−. Channel activity was unaltered by internal ATP (2 mM) and by internal pH, but clearly decreased when internal free Ca2+ concentration increased. This is the first demonstration of the presence in the epithelial cell membrane of a functional, Na+-activated, large-conductance K+ channel that closely resembles native KNa channels of excitable cells. This Slo2.2 type, Na+- and Cl−-activated K+ channel is primarily located in the thick ascending limb, a major renal site of transcellular NaCl reabsorption.

scholarly journals Acetylcholine-induced current in perfused rat myoballs.

1980 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Horn ◽  
M S Brodwick
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship ◽  
Voltage Relationship

Spherical "myoballs" were grown under tissue culture conditions from striated muscle of neonatal rat thighs. The myoballs were examined electrophysiologically with a suction pipette which was used to pass current and perfuse internally. A microelectrode was used to record membrane potential. Experiments were performed with approximately symmetrical (intracellular and extracellular) sodium aspartate solutions. The resting potential, acetylcholine (ACh) reversal potential, and sodium channel reversal potential were all approximately 0 mV. ACh-induced currents were examined by use of both voltage jumps and voltage ramps in the presence of iontophoretically applied agonist. The voltage-jump relaxations had a single exponential time-course. The time constant, tau, was exponentially related to membrane potential, increasing e-fold for 81 mV hyperpolarization. The equilibrium current-voltage relationship was also approximately exponential, from -120 to +81 mV, increasing e-fold for 104 mV hyperpolarization. The data are consistent with a first-order gating process in which the channel opening rate constant is slightly voltage dependent. The instantaneous current-voltage relationship was sublinear in the hyperpolarizing direction. Several models are discussed which can account for the nonlinearity. Evidence is presented that the "selectivity filter" for the ACh channel is located near the intracellular membrane surface.

scholarly journals The current-voltage relationships of liposomes and mitochondria

1984 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
P S O'Shea ◽  
G Petrone ◽  
R P Casey ◽  
A Azzi
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Proton Translocation ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship ◽  
Voltage Relationship

Current-voltage relationships were determined for various membrane systems. We show that phospholipid and mitochondrial membranes exhibit linear relations between H+ flux and pH gradients. These membranes, however, exhibited non-linear relationships when the applied voltage was a membrane potential. The current-voltage relationship approximated to an exponential function. This relationship was found to be linearized when the membranes were treated with an electrogenic proton ionophore. The incorporation of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) was found to have no effect on the current-voltage characteristics of the phospholipid membranes. When a membrane potential of more than 140 mV was imposed across vesicular and mitochondrial membranes, they exhibited reversible di-electric breakdown. This phenomenon was correlated with the requirement of a permeant ion for the experimental demonstration of proton translocation by so-called ‘proton pumps’.

scholarly journals Reaction of tetraethylammonium with the open and closed conformations of the acetylcholine receptor ionic channel complex.

1979 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Adler ◽  
A C Oliveira ◽  
E X Albuquerque ◽  
N A Mansour ◽  
A T Eldefrawi
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Ion Channel ◽  
Electric Organ ◽  
Ionic Channel ◽  
Decay Phase ◽  
Linear Segment ◽  
Endplate Potential ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship ◽  
Voltage Relationship

The effect of tetraethylammonium (TEA) bromide on the neurally and iontophoretically evoked endplate current (EPC) of frog sartorius muscle was investigated using voltage-clamp and noise analysis techniques, and its binding to the acetylcholine (ACh) receptor ionic channel complex was determined on the electric organ of Torpedo ocellata. TEA (250-500 microM) produced an initial enhancement followed by a slow decline in the amplitude of the endplate potential and EPC, but caused only depression in the amplitude of the miniature endplate potential and current. In normal ringer's solution, the EPC current-voltage relationship was approximately linear, and the decay phase varied exponentially with membrane potential. Upon addition of 50-100 microM TEA, the current-voltage relationship became markedly nonlinear at hyperpolarized command potentials, and with 250-2000 microM TEA, there was an initial linear segment, an intermediate nonlinear segment, and a region of negative conductance. The onset of nonlinearity was dose-dependent, undergoing a 50 mV shift for a 10-fold increase in TEA concentration. The EPC decay phase was shortened by TEA at hyperpolarized but not depolarized potentials, and remained a single expotential function of time at all concentrations and membrane potentials examined. These actions of TEA were found to be independent of the sequence of polarizations, the length of the conditioning pulse, and the level of the initial holding potential. TEA shifted the power spectrum of ACh noise to higher frequencies and produced a significant depression of single channel conductance. The shortening in the mean channel lifetime agreed closely with the decrease in the EPC decay time constant. At the concentrations tested, TEA did not alter the EPC reversal potential, nor the resting membrane potential, and had little effect on the action potential duration. TEA inhibited the binding of both [3H] ACh (Ki = 200 microM) and [3H]perhydrohistrionicotoxin (Ki = 280 microM) to receptor-rich membranes from the electric organ of Torpedo ocellata, and inhibited the carbamylcholine-activated 22Na+ efflux from these microsacs. It is suggested that TEA reacts with the nicotinic ACh-receptor as well as its ion channel; the voltage-dependent actions are associated with blockade of the ion channel. The results are compatible with a kinetic model in which TEA first binds to the closed conformation of the receptor-ionicchannel complex to produce a voltage-depdndent depression of endplate conductance and sudsequently to its open conformation, giving rise to the shortening in the EPC decay and mean channel lifetime.

Inward-rectifying potassium channels in rat hepatocytes

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. G1028-G1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Henderson ◽  
J. Graf ◽  
J. L. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Inward Rectification ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Isolated Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship ◽  
Voltage Relationship

The patch-clamp technique has been used to investigate single-channel and whole cell conductances in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Whole cell experiments, with high (144 mM) intracellular and extracellular potassium as the principal conductive species, show some variation between cells in the current-voltage relationship (mean whole-cell conductance at physiological potentials being 2.7 nS). This may suggest functional heterogeneity of cells. The most common finding is that the current-voltage relationship shows inward rectification. This is reflected in cell-attached single-channel recordings in which channels displaying strong inward rectification and K+ selectivity are seen. The channels show a mean inward conductance (with 144 mM potassium in the pipette) of 44 pS and an outward conductance of 23 pS. The open probability is not voltage dependent, and the channels do not exhibit calcium dependence. The channels are quite different from others described in hepatocytes, but they show marked similarities to channels recently described in renal epithelial cells. Current-voltage relationships in the whole cell mode exhibit an increase in slope conductance at large hyperpolarizing and depolarizing potentials.

scholarly journals Plasticity of calcium-permeable AMPA glutamate receptors in Pro-opiomelanocortin neurons

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigetomo Suyama ◽  
Alexandra Ralevski ◽  
Zhong-Wu Liu ◽  
Marcelo O Dietrich ◽  
Toshihiko Yada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Linear Current ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship ◽  
Voltage Relationship

POMC neurons integrate metabolic signals from the periphery. Here, we show in mice that food deprivation induces a linear current-voltage relationship of AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in POMC neurons. Inhibition of EPSCs by IEM-1460, an antagonist of calcium-permeable (Cp) AMPARs, diminished EPSC amplitude in the fed but not in the fasted state, suggesting entry of GluR2 subunits into the AMPA receptor complex during food deprivation. Accordingly, removal of extracellular calcium from ACSF decreased the amplitude of mEPSCs in the fed but not the fasted state. Ten days of high-fat diet exposure, which was accompanied by elevated leptin levels and increased POMC neuronal activity, resulted in increased expression of Cp-AMPARs on POMC neurons. Altogether, our results show that entry of calcium via Cp-AMPARs is inherent to activation of POMC neurons, which may underlie a vulnerability of these neurons to calcium overload while activated in a sustained manner during over-nutrition.

Capsaicin and nicotine both activate a subset of rat trigeminal ganglion neurons

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (6) ◽  
pp. C1807-C1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Liu ◽  
S. A. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship ◽  
Voltage Relationship

Nicotine and capsaicin produce many similar physiological responses that include pain, irritation, and vasodilation. To determine whether neuronal nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are present on capsaicin-sensitive neurons, whole cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on rat trigeminal ganglion cells. It was found that approximately 20% of the total number of neurons tested was activated by both 100 microM nicotine and 1 nM capsaicin. Other subsets of neurons were activated by only one of these compounds, whereas a fourth subset was not activated by either compound. At -60 mV, the magnitude of the capsaicin-activated currents was about three times larger than the magnitude of the nicotine-activated currents. The current-voltage relationship of the nAChR exhibited marked rectification, such that for voltages > or = 0 mV the current was essentially zero. In contrast, the current-voltage relationship of the capsaicin-activated current was ohmic from +/- 60 mV. These data indicate the existence of subsets of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons.

Simulation of Na/K Pump Current-Voltage Relationship

1992 ◽  
Vol 671 (1 Ion-Motive AT) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-Y. LIU ◽  
T. A. KINARD ◽  
J. R. STIMERS
Keyword(s):  
Pump Current ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship ◽  
Voltage Relationship

scholarly journals Ionic Basis of Membrane Potential and of Acetylcholine-evduced Currents in the Cell Body of the Cockroach Fast Coxal Depressor Motor Neurone

1990 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN A. DAVID ◽  
DAVID B. SATTELLE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Body ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Motor Neurone ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Low K ◽  
Current Voltage Relationship ◽  
Ionic Basis ◽  
Voltage Relationship

The ionic basis of the resting potential and of the response to acetylcholine (ACh) has been investigated in the cell body membrane of the fast coxal depressor motor neurone in the metathoracic ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. By means of ion-sensitive microelectrodes, intracellular concentrations of three ion species were estimated (mmoll−1): [K+]i, 1443; [Na+]i, 9±1; [Cl−], 7±1. The resting potential of continuously superfused cells was −75.6±1.9mV at 22° C. A change in resting potential of 42.0±2.5mV accompanied a decade change in [K+]o. Experiments with (10−4moll−1) ouabain, Na+ injection, low temperature (10°C) and non-superfused cells indicated the presence of an electrogenic sodium pump. Under current-clamp, the cell body membrane was depolarized by sequentially applied, ionophoretic pulses (500ms duration) of ACh. Under voltage-clamp, such doses of ACh resulted in an inward current which was abolished in low-Na+ saline. Ion-sensitive electrodes revealed an increase in [Na+]i but no change in [Cl−1]j in response to externally applied ACh. The ACh-induced current-voltage relationship was shifted in a negative direction by low-K+ saline. The AChinduced inward current was usually followed by a delayed outward current which reversed at Ek. Low-K+ saline had the same effect on this outward component as depolarizing the membrane. This suggests that the outward current component is carried by K+. The ACh-induced inward current and the delayed outward current were potentiated either when [Ca2+]i was lowered by injecting the calcium chelator BAPTA or by exposure of the cell to low-Ca2+ saline. High-Ca2+ saline reduced the inward component of the response and produced a negative shift in the AChinduced current-voltage relationship. The amplitude of the delayed outward

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document