Genetic and environmental interrelations between measurements of thyroid function in a healthy Danish twin population

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. E765-E770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Skov Hansen ◽  
Thomas Heiberg Brix ◽  
Ivan Iachine ◽  
Thorkild I. A. Sørensen ◽  
Kirsten Ohm Kyvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Danish Twin

Serum thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), and free triiodothyronine (T3) levels illustrate the thyroid function set point, but the interrelations between these have never been characterized in detail. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between TSH and thyroid hormone levels in healthy euthyroid twins and to determine the extent to which the same genes influence more than one of these biochemical traits; 1,380 healthy euthyroid Danish twins (284 monozygotic, 286 dizygotic, 120 opposite-sex twin pairs) were recruited. Genetic and environmental associations between thyroid function measurements were examined using quantitative genetic modeling. In bivariate genetic models, the phenotypic relation between two measurements was divided into genetic and environmental correlations. Free T4 and free T3 levels were positively correlated ( r = 0.32, P < 0.0001). The genetic correlation between serum free T4 and free T3 levels was rg = 0.25 (95% CI 0.14–0.35), suggesting that a set of common genes affect both phenotypes (pleiotropy). The correlation between the environmental effects was re = 0.41 (0.32–0.50). From this we calculated that the proportion of the correlation between free T4 and free T3 levels mediated by common genetic factors was 48%. Only 7% of the genetic component of serum free T3 levels is shared with serum free T4. Serum TSH and thyroid hormone levels did not share any genetic influences. In conclusion, thyroid hormone levels are partly genetically correlated genes that affect free T4 levels and exert pleiotropic effects on free T3 levels, although most of the genetic variance for these measurements is trait specific.

scholarly journals Correlation Between the Thyroid Hormone Levels and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Normal Thyroid Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Huaizhen Liu ◽  
Juyi Li ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Jinjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Abstract Background: The objective of this study is to retrospectively analyze the correlation between the thyroid hormones and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with normal thyroid function. Methods: Totally 586 T2DM patients with normal thyroid function participated in this research and were divided into T2DM without NAFLD (240 cases) group and T2DM with NAFLD (346 cases) group. The NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) >0.676 was defined as progressive liver fibrosis and used to categorize the patients into T2DM without progressive liver fibrosis group (493 cases) and T2DM with progressive liver fibrosis group (93 cases). Results: The results indicated that the levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and total triiodomethylamine (TT3) were significantly higher while the free thyroxine (FT4) level was lower in T2DM with NAFLD group than that in T2DM2 without NAFLD group (p<0.05). The levels of FT3, FT4 and TT3 in patients with progressive liver fibrosis were significantly lower in patients with progressive liver fibrosis than that in patients without progressive liver fibrosis (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed a negative relationship between FT4 level and NAFLD (p=0.026), between the levels of FT4,TT3 and total thyroxine (TT4) and the risk of progressive hepatic fibrosis (p=0.022, p=0.007,p=0.046).Conclusion: There is a certain correlation between thyroid hormone levels and NAFLD in T2DM patients, suggesting that the assessment of thyroid hormone levels in T2DM patients with normal thyroid function is of great significance in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

scholarly journals Comparison of thyroid function in different emotional states of drug-naïve patients with bipolar disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengnan Zhao ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Yaling Zhou ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Yuwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Mixed Group ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Depressive Group

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that bipolar disorder is closely related to thyroid dysfunction. Psychiatric drugs have a large or small effect on thyroid function, and thyroid hormone levels can also affect the effect of drug treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is assessment the thyroid function of drug-naive bipolar disorder across different mood states, with the expectation of providing support for treatment options. Methods The present study is a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder according to the International Classification of Diseases diagnostic Criteria, Edition 10 (ICD 10) and who had never received medication were included in the study. The Montgomery Depression Scale (MADRS) was used to assess depressive symptoms and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) for manic symptoms. Thyroid function indicators include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and total thyroxine (TT4). Levels of TSH, TT4, FT4, TT3, and FT3 were measured within 48 h of hospitalization, between 06:00 and 08:00. Results The data analysis finally covered the data of 291 subjects (136 in a bipolar manic group, 128 in a bipolar depressive group, and 27 in a bipolar mixed group), including 140 males and 151 females, with an average age of 27.38 ± 8.01. There was no significant difference in age, sex, marital status, work status, family history, and course of illness among the manic group, depressive group, and mixed group. The level of FT3, the rate of thyroid hormone increased secretion, and the total abnormality rate of thyroid hormone secretion in the manic group were significantly higher than those in the depressive group. Conclusion These findings indicate that thyroid functions were significantly different between depressive and manic episodes in BD patients. In clinical practice, it is necessary to take into account the differences in thyroid hormone levels in patients with BD across different emotional states in choosing drug.

scholarly journals SAT-LB80 Elevated Pre-Op Thyrotropin Levels Are Associated With Increased 30-Day Mortality in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shariq Rashid Masoodi ◽  
Rameesa Batul ◽  
Khurram Maqbool ◽  
Amir Zahoor ◽  
Mona Sood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormones

Abstract BACKGROUND: The association between thyroid dysfunction and postoperative mortality is contentious. Thyroid function is frequently depressed during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgical procedures, and this may adversely affect myocardial performance and postop outcome.OBJECTIVES: To study i) the changes and clinical significance of serum thyroid hormones during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and ii) the association between biochemically assessed peri-op thyroid function and 30-day mortality after CBPSTUDY DESIGN: Prospective Cohort StudySUBJECTS: 279 patients undergoing various cardiac surgeries under cardiopulmonary bypass.METHODS: All consenting patients undergoing open heart surgery in last five years at a tertiary care centre in North-India were studied. The thyroid hormone levels (Total T3, T4 and TSH) were measured before admission, and postoperatively on Day 1 & 7, and 3 months following surgery. The patients’ gender, age, weight, body mass index, heart disease details, previous cardiac surgeries, and cardiac surgery-related data such as pump time, aortic clamping time, hypothermia duration, postoperative hemodynamic status and postoperative use of inotropic drugs were recorded and analysed. Patients were classified as having biochemically overt or subclinical hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, normal thyroid function, or non-classifiable state based on preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone and total T4 values. Outcome data were collected from hospital records. Biochemical thyroid dysfunction was not systematically treated. Outcomes measured were length of ICU stay, postoperative complications and 30-day mortality.RESULTS: There was significant changes in thyroid function in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (Fig 1). All patients showed a decrease in T3, T4 and TSH after surgery. Post-op complications were observed in 137 patients (49%) most common being atrial fibrillation (34%) followed by acute kidney injury (23%), infections (18%), dyselectrolytemia (7%), bleeding (1.4%) and ARDS (1.4%). Of 263 patients followed, eventually 26 patients expired with a mortality rate of 8.89% (95% CI, 0.4 - 19.4). Perioperatively, there was a significant correlation between 30-day with type of surgery (r, 0.26), aortic clamp time (r, 0.45), CBP time (r, 0.48), number of inotropes used (r, 0.57), hours of mechanical ventilation (r, 0.4), ICU stay (r, 0.13) and post-op complications (r, 0.24), as well as with the reduction in the thyroid hormone levels; 17 (7%), 3 (20%) and 6 (46%) patients of those with pre-op TSH level of &lt;6.5, &gt;6.5 and &gt;10.5 mIU/L expired (p &lt;0.001).CONCLUSION: Pre-op thyroid dysfunction is associated with increased mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CBP. Excess mortality with elevated serum TSH levels suggests the importance of timely detection and intervention in individuals with thyroid dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery.Table of Contents oTable 1. Characteristics of patients who expired versus those who survived cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) oFig 1. Changes in serum thyroid hormones during CPB surgery oTable 1. Characteristics of patients who expired versus those who survived cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) oFigures in parenthesis indicate ±Standard Deviation, unless indicated otherwise oFig 1. Changes in serum thyroid hormones during CPB surgery

Changes in serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in acutely starved non-obese patients

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Komaki ◽  
Hajime Tamai ◽  
Takahiro Mori ◽  
Tetsuya Nakagawa ◽  
Shu Mori
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Acute Starvation ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Tsh

Abstract. We investigated changes in the serum angiotensin-converting enzyme, as an index of thyroid hormone action, before, during and after fasting in 15 non-obese, hospitalized patients. Serum angiotensinconverting enzyme decreased significantly from 14.6 ± 1.1 U/l before fasting to 13.2 ± 1.1 U/l on the 5th day (P < 0.05, N = 15) during fasting, and to 10.6 ± 1.0 U/l on the 10th day (P < 0.05, N = 8). The serum TSH and T3 levels decreased significantly to below the normal range, and the serum T4 level decreased gradually during fasting, whereas free T4 (Amerlex) changed slightly, but within normal range. Although re-feeding did not lead to any reduction in the serum TSH, T3, or T4 level, the serum angiotensin-converting enzyme further decreased to 8.7 ± 0.9 U/l on the 5th day of re-feeding compared with that on the 10th day of fasting (P < 0.01, N = 8). There was a delay in the re-elevation of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme following a rise in serum T3. No correlations were found between serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels and thyroid hormone levels throughout the study period. It is concluded that a significant reduction in the serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level occurs under a 'low T3' state during acute starvation, although there is no clear association between serum angiotensinconverting enzyme and thyroid hormone levels.

The association between prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds and neonatal thyroid hormone levels: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Gheidarloo ◽  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
Silva Hovsepian ◽  
Mojtaba Keikha ◽  
Mahin Hashemipour
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Fetal Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Organochlorine Pollutant

AbstractIn this systematic review, the association between prenatal exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and neonatal thyroid hormone levels was studied. A systematic search of scientific literature was performed from the PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI web of science electronic bibliographic databases. The search strategy for the review was [(organochlorine OR “organochlorine pesticides” OR “organochlorine pollutants” OR “organochlorine pollutant”) AND (“thyroid hormone” OR triiodothyronine OR Thyroxine OR “fetal thyroid function” OR “thyroid function” OR “Thyroid Stimulating Hormone” AND “prenatal” AND “maternal exposure”)] in English sources. In this review, 305 papers (PubMed: 30; Scopus: 29; ISI: 246) were identified through an electronic database search. Twenty-seven articles were assessed for eligibility, from which 16 qualified articles were selected for the final evaluation. The most common OCP metabolites which were evaluated in order were hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (13 studies), pp-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (pp-DDE) (13 studies), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (10 studies) and dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane (DDT) (eight studies). A review of the documents related to the association of prenatal exposure of OCPs with fetal or neonatal thyroid function tests provides us with heterogeneous data in this field. Factors such as differences in the studied populations and their area, ethnic and genetic background, time and rate of exposure, possible interaction of other thyroid-disrupting environmental factors and dietary intake of micronutrients such as iodine and/or selenium are considered the main limitations for making an accurate conclusion. For some OCPs including DDT, DDE, HCH and HCB, there are supporting evidences, and it is suggested that their exposure could potentially alter the fetal thyroid function and consequently impair the neurodevelopment process of the infants.

Suppressed Serum TSH with Normal Free Thyroid Hormone Levels in Patients with No History of Thyroid Disorder

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (s20) ◽  
pp. 45P-45P
Author(s):  
DJ Stott ◽  
J Finlayson ◽  
AR McLellan ◽  
P Chu ◽  
WD Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Free Thyroid Hormone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Serum Tsh

Effect of long-term amiodarone therapy on thyroid hormone levels and thyroid function

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Borowski ◽  
Catherine D. Garofano ◽  
Leslie I. Rose ◽  
Scott R. Spielman ◽  
Heschi R. Rotmensch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Amiodarone Therapy ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

scholarly journals Thyroid testing paradigm switch from thyrotropin to thyroid hormones—Future directions and opportunities in clinical medicine and research

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Fitzgerald ◽  
Nigel G. Bean ◽  
James V. Hennessey ◽  
Henrik Falhammar
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Thyroid State ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Tsh Levels

Abstract Purpose Recently published papers have demonstrated that particularly in untreated individuals, clinical parameters more often associate with thyroid hormone, particularly free thyroxine (FT4), levels than with thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Clinical and research assessments of the thyroid state of peripheral tissues would therefore be more precise if they were based on FT4 levels rather than on TSH levels. In this paper we describe implications of, and opportunities provided by, this discovery. Conclusions The FT4 level may be the best single test of thyroid function. The addition of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and TSH levels would further enhance test sensitivity and distinguish primary from secondary thyroid dysfunction respectively. There are opportunities to reconsider testing algorithms. Additional potential thyroidology research subjects include the peripheral differences between circulating FT4 and FT3 action, and outcomes in patients on thyroid replacement therapy in terms of thyroid hormone levels. Previously performed negative studies of therapy for subclinical thyroid dysfunction could be repeated using thyroid hormone levels rather than TSH levels for subject selection and the monitoring of treatment. Studies of outcomes in older individuals with treatment of high normal FT4 levels, and pregnant women with borderline high or low FT4 levels would appear to be the most likely to show positive results. There are fresh indications to critically re-analyse the physiological rationale for the current preference for TSH levels in the assessment of the thyroid state of the peripheral tissues. There may be opportunities to apply these research principles to analogous parameters in other endocrine systems.

Thyroid hormone levels in Tortoises (Testudo spp.) depending on Season and Sex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Leineweber ◽  
Sabine Öfner ◽  
Karina Mathes ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Rachel E. Marschang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Thyroid hormones and the factors influencing them are rarely studied in tortoises. This study therefore aimed to calculate reference intervals (RI) for specific species, sexes, and seasons for thyroid hormones and iodine levels in blood of four adult Mediterranean tortoise species and to evaluate possible correlations between thyroid hormones, serum iodine, plasma protein and increased liver and kidney values. Thyroid hormones (total tetraiodothyronine [tT4], free tetraiodothyronine [fT4], total triiodothyronine [tT3], and free triiodothyronine [fT3]) were measured in plasma from adult, healthy Hermann´s (Testudo hermanni, n = 255), spur-thighed (Testudo graeca, n = 89), marginated (Testudo marginata, n = 72), and Russian tortoises (Testudo horsfieldii, n = 30). Species, sex and season specific variations were determined by Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and correlations between plasma thyroid hormones, protein, iodine and increased liver/kidney values were evaluated by Spearman’s rank correlation test. Total T4 did not reveal any species, sex, or seasonal differences (RI 0.102 to 0.455 µg/dL), while seasonal differences were found for fT4 (RI spring 0.624 to 9.012; summer 0.379 to 5.476; fall 0.376 to 5.426 pmol/L). The tT3 levels differed significantly depending on species, season, and the interaction of species x season. Seasonal differences were also found for fT3 and iodine. Several significant (p &lt; 0.05) correlations were detected between the tested analytes, especially positive correlations between tT4 and fT4. These results provide a tool for the evaluation of thyroid hormone levels in Mediterranean tortoises and indicate the influence of season on the thyroid in these animals.

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