scholarly journals Seasonal variation in sleeping metabolic rate, thyroid activity, and leptin

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. E338-E343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Plasqui ◽  
Arnold D. M. Kester ◽  
Klaas R. Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Total Thyroxine

We investigated seasonal variation in sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and the possible relation to body composition, thyroid activity, and leptin. Twenty-five healthy volunteers were examined four times during the year: in spring (April, May), summer (July, August), autumn (October, November), and winter (January, February). Body composition was determined using a three-compartment model based on underwater weighing and the deuterium dilution method. SMR was measured during an overnight stay in a respiration chamber. A blood sample was taken for the analysis of free and total thyroxine, TSH, and leptin. SMR showed a significant seasonal variation ( P < 0.01) with a maximum in winter (4.54 kJ/min) and a minimum in summer (4.34 kJ/min). The amplitude was 0.10 ± 0.02 kJ/min, and the phase was November 5th. Season explained 17% of the intraindividual variation in SMR. The circannual rhythm in SMR could not be explained by changes in body composition, thyroid activity, or leptin. Interindividual variation in SMR was explained by fat-free mass ( P < 0.001) and leptin ( P < 0.001).

Concomitant interindividual variation in body temperature and metabolic rate

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. E730-E734 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rising ◽  
A. Keys ◽  
E. Ravussin ◽  
C. Bogardus
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Interindividual Variations ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Point Body

There is significant variation in metabolic rate in humans, independent of differences in body size, body composition, age, and gender. Although it has been generally held that the normal human "set-point" body temperature is 37 degrees C, these interindividual variations in metabolic rate also suggest possible variations in body temperature. To examine the possibility of correlations between metabolic rate and body temperature, triplicate measurements of oral temperatures were made before and after measurement of 24-h energy expenditure in a respiratory chamber in 23 Pima Indian men. Fasting oral temperatures varied more between individuals than can be attributed to methodological errors or intraindividual variation. Oral temperatures correlated with sleeping (r = 0.80, P < 0.0001), and 24-h (r = 0.48, P < 0.02) metabolic rates adjusted for differences in body size, body composition, and age. Similarly, in the 32 Caucasian men of the Minnesota Semi-Starvation Study, oral temperature correlated with adjusted metabolic rate, and the interindividual differences in body temperature were maintained throughout semistarvation and refeeding. These results suggest that a low body temperature and a low metabolic rate might be two signs of an obesity-prone syndrome in humans.

scholarly journals Validity of Bioimpedance Spectroscopy in the Assessment of Total Body Water and Body Composition in Wrestlers and Untrained Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9433
Author(s):  
Keisuke Shiose ◽  
Emi Kondo ◽  
Rie Takae ◽  
Hiroyuki Sagayama ◽  
Keiko Motonaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Japanese Male ◽  
Total Body

Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is an easy tool to assess hydration status and body composition. However, its validity in athletes remains controversial. We investigated the validity of BIS on total body water (TBW) and body composition estimation in Japanese wrestlers and untrained subjects. TBW of 49 young Japanese male subjects (31 untrained, 18 wrestlers) were assessed using the deuterium dilution method (DDM) and BIS. De Lorenzo’s and Moissl’s equations were employed in BIS for TBW estimation. To evaluate body composition, Siri’s 3-compartment model and published TBW/fat-free mass (FFM) ratio were applied in DDM and BIS, respectively. In untrained subjects, DDM and BIS with de Lorenzo’s equation showed consistent TBW estimates, whereas BIS with Moissl’s equation overestimated TBW (p < 0.001 vs. DDM). DDM and BIS with de Lorenzo’s equation estimated FFM and percent of fat mass consistently, whereas BIS with Moissl’s equation over-estimated and under-estimated them (p < 0.001 vs. DDM). In wrestlers, BIS with de Lorenzo’s and Moissl’s equations assessed TBW similarly with DDM. However, the Bland–Altman analysis revealed a proportional bias for TBW in BIS with de Lorenzo’s equation (r = 0.735, p < 0.001). Body composition assessed with BIS using both equations and DDM were not different. In conclusion, BIS with de Lorenzo’s equation accurately estimates the TBW and body composition in untrained subjects, whereas BIS with Moissl’s equation is more valid in wrestlers. Our results demonstrated the usefulness of BIS for assessing TBW and body composition in Japanese male wrestlers.

Effect of age on body composition and resting metabolic rate

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (2) ◽  
pp. E233-E238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Fukagawa ◽  
L. G. Bandini ◽  
J. B. Young
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Old Men

The relationship between fat-free mass (FFM) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) was compared in young men (n = 24; age 18-33 yr), old men (n = 24; 69-89 yr), and old women (n = 20; 67-75 yr). Body composition was assessed using anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and isotope dilution with 18O-labeled water. RMR was measured at least twice using an open-circuit indirect calorimetry system with a ventilated hood. The results indicate that the different methods for assessing body composition vary substantially and should not be used interchangeably. Anthropometry was not adequate to assess group differences in body fatness, although skinfold measures may be appropriate for within-group comparisons. BIA correlated well with the isotope-dilution technique and may be a useful measure of FFM. Finally, RMR was lower in the old men than the young (1.04 +/- 0.02 vs. 1.24 +/- 0.03 kcal/min, P less than 0.001) and remained lower even when adjusted for FFM estimated by isotope dilution (P less than 0.001). RMR in the women was also lower (0.84 +/- 0.02 kcal/min), but in contrast to the difference between young and old men, RMR adjusted for FFM did not differ (P = 0.16) between old men and women. Therefore, it is clear that differences in FFM cannot fully account for the lower RMR in the old, suggesting that aging is associated with an alteration in tissue energy metabolism.

Survival and body composition of normal and hypothalamic obese rats in acute starvation

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Montemurro ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Prolonged Survival ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Acute Starvation

Female hypothalamic obese rats contained approximately 240% more fat, 10% more protein and 18% more water than did their controls, however ratio total water/fat-free mass remained within normal limits in this frank obesity. At death from starvation, the water, fat-free mass and protein compartments were significantly smaller than those of the controls, the fat compartments were not significantly different. Control rats survived starvation for 16.4 ± 1.3 days, obese rats 42.7 ± 1.8 days ( P < .001). The resting metabolic rates of normal and obese rats in the fed state were not different and both fell gradually throughout starvation. The prolonged survival of obese rats is due primarily to their excess reserve of energy and not to alterations in metabolic rate. As in the fed state, hypothalamic obese rats drank less water during starvation than did the controls. This is thought to result from direct interference with hypothalamic elements regulating thirst and the spontaneous consumption of water.

scholarly journals Comparisons of two-, three-, and four-compartment models of body composition analysis in men and women

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Withers ◽  
J. LaForgia ◽  
R. K. Pillans ◽  
N. J. Shipp ◽  
B. E. Chatterton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Compartment Models ◽  
Bone Mineral Mass ◽  
Body Composition Measurement ◽  
Composition Measurement ◽  
Total Body

This study compared the traditional two-compartment (fat mass or FM; fat free mass or FFM) hydrodensitometric method of body composition measurement, which is based on body density, with three (FM, total body water or TBW, fat free dry mass)- and four (FM, TBW, bone mineral mass or BMM, residual)-compartment models in highly trained men ( n = 12), sedentary men ( n = 12), highly trained women ( n = 12), and sedentary women ( n = 12). The means and variances for the relative body fat (%BF) differences between the two- and three-compartment models [2.2 ± 1.6 (SD) % BF; n = 48] were significantly greater ( P ≤ 0.02) than those between the three- and four-compartment models (0.2 ± 0.3% BF; n = 48) for all four groups. The three-compartment model is more valid than the two-compartment hydrodensitometric model because it controls for biological variability in TBW, but additional control for interindividual variability in BMM via the four-compartment model achieves little extra accuracy. The combined group ( n = 48) exhibited greater ( P < 0.001) FFM densities (1.1075 ± 0.0049 g/cm3) than the hydrodensitometric assumption of 1.1000 g/cm3, which is based on analyses of three male cadavers aged 25, 35, and 46 yr. This was primarily because their FFM hydration (72.4 ± 1.1%; n = 48) was lower ( P ≤ 0.001) than the hydrodensitometric assumption of 73.72%.

Resting metabolic rate is lower in women than in men

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2514-2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Arciero ◽  
M. I. Goran ◽  
E. T. Poehlman
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Activity Peak ◽  
Peak Vo2 ◽  
And Gender

This study examined gender differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) across a broad age spectrum after controlling for differences in body composition and aerobic fitness. Three hundred twenty-eight healthy men (17–80 yr) and 194 women (18–81 yr) volunteers were characterized for RMR, body composition, physical activity, peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2), anthropometrics, and energy intake. Measured RMR was 23% higher (P < 0.01) in men (1,740 +/- 194 kcal/day) than in women (1,348 +/- 125 kcal/day). Multiple regression analysis showed that 84% of individual variation in RMR was explained by fat-free mass, fat mass, peak VO2, and gender. After controlling for differences in fat-free mass, fat mass, and peak VO2, a lower RMR (3%; P < 0.01) persisted in women (1,563 +/- 153 kcal/day) compared with men (1,613 +/- 127 kcal/day). Adjusted RMR in premenopausal (P < 0.01) and postmenopausal (P < 0.05) women was lower than in men of a similar age. Our results support a lower RMR in women than in men that is independent of differences in body composition and aerobic fitness.

scholarly journals Impact of indexing resting metabolic rate against fat-free mass determined by different body composition models

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1132-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J LaForgia ◽  
GE van der Ploeg ◽  
RT Withers ◽  
SM Gunn ◽  
AG Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass

Magnitude and variation of fat-free mass density: a cellular-level body composition modeling study

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. E267-E273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zimian Wang ◽  
Stanley Heshka ◽  
Jack Wang ◽  
Lucian Wielopolski ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Total Body

The mean density of fat-free mass (FFM) is remarkably stable at 1.10 g/cm3 in healthy adult humans, and this stability is a cornerstone of the widely applied densitometry-based two-compartment model for estimating total body fat. At present, the usual means of exploring FFM density is by in vitro or in vivo experimental studies. The purpose of the present investigation was to develop a cellular-level body composition model that includes seven factors that determine FFM density. The model, when applied with available empirical coefficients, predicted an FFM density similar to that observed in vivo. An analysis of the seven model components indicates that the ratio of extracellular solids to total body water is a major determinant of individual variation in FFM density. The difference in FFM density across sex, race, and age groups was examined with the developed model. The present study thus provides a conceptual framework for the systematic study of FFM density in humans.

Acute Feeding Has Minimal Effect on the Validity of Body Composition and Metabolic Measures: Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and a Multi-compartment Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Abbie E. Smith-Ryan ◽  
Gabrielle J. Brewer ◽  
Lacey M. Gould ◽  
Malia N.M. Blue ◽  
Katie R. Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Understanding the effects of acute feeding on body composition and metabolic measures is essential to the translational component and practical application of measurement and clinical use. To investigate the influence of acute feeding on the validity of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a four-compartment model (4C), and indirect calorimetry metabolic outcomes, 39 healthy young adults (n=19 females; age: 21.8± 3.1 yrs, weight; 71.5 ± 10.0 kg) participated in a randomized cross-over study. Subjects were provided one of four randomized meals on separate occasions (high carbohydrate, high protein, ad libitum or fasted baseline) prior to body composition and metabolic assessments. Regardless of macronutrient content, acute feeding increased DXA percent body fat (%fat) for the total sample and females [average constant error (CE):-0.30%; total error (TE): 2.34%), although not significant (p=0.062); the error in males was minimal (CE: 0.11%; TE: 0.86%). DXA fat mass (CE: 0.26 kg; TE: 0.75 kg), lean mass (CE: 0.83 kg; TE: 1.23 kg) were not altered beyond measurement error for the total sample. 4C %fat was significantly impacted from all acute feedings (avg CE: 0.46%; TE: 3.7%). 4C fat mass (CE: 0.71 kg; TE: 3.38 kg) and fat-free mass (CE: 0.55 kg; TE: 3.05 kg) exceeded measurement error for the total sample. Resting metabolic rate was increased for each feeding condition (TE: 398.4 kcal/d). Standard pre-testing fasting guidelines may be important when evaluating DXA and 4C %fat, whereas additional DXA variables (FM, LM) may not be significantly impacted by an acute meal. Measuring body composition via DXA under less stringent pre-testing guidelines may be valid and increase feasibility of testing in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Validation of Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy to Measure Total Body Water in Resistance-Trained Males

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ava Kerr ◽  
Gary Slater ◽  
Nuala Byrne ◽  
Janet Chaseling
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Total Body

The three-compartment (3-C) model of physique assessment (fat mass, fat-free mass, water) incorporates total body water (TBW) whereas the two-compartment model (2-C) assumes a TBW of 73.72%. Deuterium dilution (D2O) is the reference method for measuring TBW but is expensive and time consuming. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS SFB7) estimates TBW instantaneously and claims high precision. Our aim was to compare SFB7 with D2O for estimating TBW in resistance trained males (BMI >25kg/m2). We included TBWBIS estimates in a 3-C model and contrasted this and the 2-C model against the reference 3-C model using TBWD2O. TBW of 29 males (32.4 ± 8.5 years; 183.4 ± 7.2 cm; 92.5 ± 9.9 kg; 27.5 ± 2.6 kg/m2) was measured using SFB7 and D2O. Body density was measured by BODPOD, with body composition calculated using the Siri equation. TBWBIS values were consistent with TBWD2O (SEE = 2.65L; TE = 2.6L) as were %BF values from the 3-C model (BODPOD + TBWBIS) with the 3-C reference model (SEE = 2.20%; TE = 2.20%). For subjects with TBW more than 1% from the assumed 73.72% (n = 16), %BF from the 2-C model differed significantly from the reference 3-C model (Slope 0.6888; Intercept 5.093). The BIS SFB7 measured TBW accurately compared with D2O. The 2C model with an assumed TBW of 73.72% introduces error in the estimation of body composition. We recommend TBW should be measured, either via the traditional D2O method or when resources are limited, with BIS, so that body composition estimates are enhanced. The BIS can be accurately used in 3C equations to better predict TBW and BF% in resistance trained males compared with a 2C model.

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