Uptake of exogenous substrates during hypoxia in fetal lambs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (5) ◽  
pp. E572-E578 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Milley
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Metabolic Substrates ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Accretion Rates ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Microsphere Method ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Normal Nitrogen ◽  
Exogenous Substrates

Fetal uptakes of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and alpha-amino-nitrogen containing substrates were measured in eight near-term fetal lambs by simultaneously drawing blood samples from the umbilical vein and descending aorta, then measuring umbilical blood flow using the microsphere method. These procedures were repeated after 3 h of hypoxia induced by lowering maternal inspired oxygen concentration. On the next day the experiment was repeated, except the ewes were first made hypoxic then allowed to breathe room air. These conditions decreased the delivery of oxygen, but not the delivery of other metabolic substrates to the fetus. During hypoxia, fetal oxygen uptake was 82% of normal (mean of both days); fetal glucose and amino-nitrogen uptakes were 74 and 23% of normal, respectively, and fetal lactate uptake became insignificant. These data indicate that endogenous rather than exogenous substrates are used to support fetal oxidative metabolism during hypoxia. Also, because exogenous uptake of amino-nitrogen is less than normal nitrogen accretion rates, fetal growth must be reduced as a consequence of 3-4 h of hypoxia.

Effect of insulin on uptake of metabolic substrates by the sheep fetus

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. E349-E356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Milley ◽  
J. S. Papacostas ◽  
B. K. Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Metabolic Substrates ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Near Term

To measure the effect of fetal hyperinsulinemia on fetal oxidative metabolic rate and the uptake of fetal oxidative substrates, we operated on 12 near-term ewes under spinal anesthesia and placed catheters in the fetus under local anesthesia. Four days after surgery, we began an 18-h insulin infusion, at the end of which we drew blood samples for analysis of oxygen, glucose, lactate, amino-nitrogen concentrations, blood gases, pH, hematocrit, and plasma insulin concentrations, then injected radiolabeled microspheres to measure umbilical blood flow. Three to five infusions were given to each fetus. Fetal plasma insulin concentrations varied from 0.3 to 60 microU/ml. As fetal plasma insulin concentration rose, the blood concentrations of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and amino-nitrogen fell, but the fetal uptakes of oxygen, glucose, and amino-nitrogen rose. The rise of fetal oxygen uptake occurred by increasing oxygen extraction, resulting in arterial hypoxemia. The increase of the glucose uptake was sufficient to account for an increased fraction of oxidative metabolism, allowing the increased uptake of amino acids to be used for either synthetic or oxidative purposes.

scholarly journals Necrotizing funisitis and calcification of umbilical vein: case report and review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendi Wang ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Liyun Gong ◽  
Qingqing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Prenatal Ultrasonography ◽  
Severe Inflammation ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Emergency Cesarean ◽  
Wall Calcification

Abstract Background Necrotising funisitis (NF) is a rare, chronic stage of funisitis, a severe inflammation of the umbilical cord and an important risk factor for fetal adverse outcomes. NF is characterized by yellow-white bands running parallel to the umbilical blood vessels. These bands consist of inflammatory cells, necrotic debris, and calcium deposits. Calcification is visible in ultrasonography, which makes it possible to suspect NF when umbilical vascular wall calcification is detected by prenatal ultrasonography. Case presentation Ultrasonography revealed calcification of the umbilical venous wall in an expectant 31-year-old woman who was gravida 1, para 0. The woman required emergency cesarean section because of fetal distress and suspected umbilical cord torsion at 31 weeks gestation. The root of the umbilical cord was quite fragile and broke during the operation. The pathological results on the placenta showed histologic chorioamnionitis and NF. The infant was diagnosed to have neonatal sepsis and acidosis after delivery but was discharged without severe complications after a one-month hospitalization that included antibiotic and supportive therapy. Conclusion NF is a rare and severe inflammation of the umbilical cord. Umbilical vascular wall calcification discovered in prenatal ultrasonography is diagnostically helpful.

Effects of hypercapnia on uterine and umbilical circulations in conscious pregnant sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Walker ◽  
G. K. Oakes ◽  
R. Ehrenkranz ◽  
M. McLaughlin ◽  
R. A. Chez
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Vascular Catheters

Changes in the uterine and umbilical circulations during induced hypercapnia were studied in nine unanesthetized near-term pregnant sheep. Blood flows were measured with electromagnetic flow transducers and arterial pressures with vascular catheters implanted under anesthesia 2–16 days prior to experiments. Hypercapnia was induced in the fetus alone by giving acetazolamide iv to the fetus, 100–200 mg/kg. Mean fetal arterial Pco2 increased from49.5 to 63.4 mmHg but no significant changes in umbilical blood flowoccurred. Stepwise increases in both maternal and fetal arterial Pco2 were induced by increasing maternal inspired CO2 concentration to a maximum of 12%. Nodignificant changes occurred in uterine or umbilical circulations until hypercapnia was severe (maternal arterial Pco2 greater than 60 mmHg, fetal arterial Pco2 greater than 70 mmHg). With severe hypercapnia uterine vascular resistance increased significantly and uterine blood flow decreased despitean increase in maternal arterial pressure; fetal arterial pressure and umbilical blood flow increased significantly, but umbilical vascular resistancedid not. We conclude that hypercapnia in conscious pregnant sheep is associated with significant changes in uterine and umbilical circulations, but only when hypercapnia is severe. Carbon dioxide is unlikely to be a factor innormal physiological regulation of the uteroplacental circulation in this species.

Effect of varying umbilical blood O2 affinity on umbilical vein Po2.

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Meschia ◽  
F C Battaglia ◽  
E L Makowski ◽  
W Droegemueller
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Umbilical Blood

scholarly journals The Effects of Epidural Analgesia during Labor on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hua Huang ◽  
Mei Yu ◽  
Di-Bao Zhang ◽  
Jun-Ping Pan ◽  
Xiao-Tan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Epidural Group ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of epidural analgesia usage vs. non-epidural labor on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: We included 129 parturients who had vaginal deliveries in our hospital since December 1, 2018. The women were grouped into the epidural analgesia group or the non-epidural group. In order to investigate the effect of epidural analgesia on mother and newborn outcomes, we evaluated the differences in labor duration, the Apgar score of the newborn, and the overall outcome of the mother and newborn. Results: Compared to the non-epidural group, the durations of the first and second stages of labor in the analgesia group were significantly longer. In terms of neonatal outcome, the epidural analgesia group had a higher lactate value in the umbilical artery blood and higher pCO2 of umbilical vein blood of the neonates. However, there were no significant differences in Apgar Score, umbilical blood pH, base excess, or other umbilical cord blood gas analyses (pO2, HGB, SO2, HCO3 -) between epidural analgesia and non-epidural labor groups.Conclusion: The epidural analgesia prolongs the duration of the first and second stages of labor and affects the level of lactate in umbilical artery blood and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in umbilical vein blood. There was no significant effect on the basic characteristics of the mothers and neonates, suggesting that epidural analgesia delivery technology is safe, but it may have a particular short-term impact on neonatal outcomes.

Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling and Umbilical Vein Transfusions

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 692-693
Author(s):  
E. A. STEINER ◽  
W. J. JUDD ◽  
H. A. OBERMAN ◽  
R. H. HAYASHI ◽  
C. E. NUGENT
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Umbilical Blood

Transplacental Carbohydrate and Sugar Alcohol Concentrations and Their Uptakes in Ovine Pregnancy

2002 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia C. Teng ◽  
Susan Tjoa ◽  
Paul V. Fennessey ◽  
Randall B. Wilkening ◽  
Frederick C. Battaglia
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Uterine Circulation

The concentrations of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, glycerol, and myo-inositol in sheep blood and tissues have been reported previously (1–5). However, the other polyols that are at low concentrations have not been investigated in pregnant sheep due to technical difficulties. By using HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, seven polyols (myo-inositol, glycerol, erythritol, arabitol, sorbitol, ribitol, and mannitol) and three hexoses (mannose, glucose, and fructose) were identified and quantified in four blood vessels supplying and draining the placenta (maternal artery, uterine vein, fetal artery, and umbilical vein). Uterine and umbilical blood flows were measured, and uptakes of all the polyols and hexoses in both maternal and fetal circulations were calculated. There was a significant net placental release of sorbitol to both maternal and fetal circulations. Fructose was also taken up significantly by the uterine circulation. Maternal plasma mannose concentrations were higher than fetal concentrations, and there was a net umbilical uptake of mannose, characteristics that are similar to those of glucose. Myo-inositol and erythritol had relatively high concentrations in fetal plasma (697.8 ± 53 μM and 463.8 ± 27 μM, respectively). The ratios of fetal/maternal plasma arterial concentrations were very high for most polyols. The concentrations of myo-inositol, glycerol, and sorbitol were also high in sheep placental tissue (2489 ± 125 μM/kg wet tissue, 2119 ± 193 μM/kg wet tissue, and 3910 ± 369 μM/kg wet tissue), an indication that these polyols could be made within the placenta.

Fetal neuromuscular blockade: effect on oxygen demand and placental transport

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. H734-H738
Author(s):  
R. B. Wilkening ◽  
D. W. Boyle ◽  
G. Meschia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Neuromuscular Blockade ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
Steady State Method ◽  
Umbilical Blood Flow

To study mechanisms by which variations in fetal oxygen demand alter fetal oxygen saturation and PO2, we measured uterine and umbilical blood flow and transplacental oxygen diffusion rate in eight chronically prepared pregnant ewes before and during fetal neuromuscular blockade with pancuronium bromide (0.2 mg/kg). Uterine and umbilical blood flows were measured by applying the steady-state method using ethanol as the test substance. Fetal oxygen uptake decreased 7.5% (P less than 0.05). Umbilical blood flow increased 6% (P less than 0.05), whereas uterine blood flow did not change significantly. Fetal arterial oxygen saturation increased markedly (54.8–60.9%; P less than 0.001). There were also significant increases in umbilical vein oxygen saturation (83.6–86.9%; P less than 0.01), uterine vein oxygen saturation (70.7–72.2%; P less than 0.01), umbilical vein PO2 (29.4–32.1 Torr; P less than 0.001), and uterine vein PO2 (49.4–50.7 Torr; P less than 0.01). The uterine-umbilical venous PO2 difference decreased significantly (20.0–18.6 Torr; P less than 0.001), whereas there was no significant change in the uterine-umbilical venous PCO2 difference or in the umbilical ethanol shunt. The data indicate that follows a small decrease in fetal oxygen demand is caused by two aspects of placental oxygen transport: 1) umbilical and uterine blood flow do not react homeostatically to prevent the rise of PO2 in the placental circulation, and 2) the decrease in oxygen flux from placenta to fetus is associated with a decrease in the transplacental PO2 gradient.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document