Exposure to schistosome eggs protects mice from TNBS-induced colitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. G385-G391 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Elliott ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Arthur Blum ◽  
Ahmed Metwali ◽  
Khurram Qadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Contrast Exposure ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Th 1

Crohn's disease results from dysregulated T helper (Th)1-type mucosal inflammation. Crohn's disease is rare in tropical countries but prevalent in developed countries with temperate climates, in which its incidence rose after 1940. In contrast, exposure to helminthic parasites is common in tropical countries but is rare in developed countries. Helminthic parasites induce immunomodulatory T cell responses in the host. We hypothesize that immunomodulatory responses due to helminths may attenuate excessive Th1-type inflammation. To test that hypothesis, mice were exposed to eggs of the helminth Schistosoma mansoni and then challenged rectally with trinitrobenzesulfonic acid (TNBS) to induce colitis. Schistosome egg exposure attenuated TNBS colitis and protected mice from lethal inflammation. Schistosome egg exposure diminished IFN-γ and enhanced IL-4 production from αCD3-stimulated spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells of TNBS-treated mice. Schistosome egg exposure decreased colonic IFN-γ but increased IL-10 mRNA expression in TNBS-treated mice. Intact signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 was required for attenuation of colitis. Exposure to helminths can decrease murine colonic inflammation.

scholarly journals Dysbiosis of Gut Fungal Microbiota is Associated With Mucosal Inflammation in Crohn’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiurong Li ◽  
Chenyang Wang ◽  
Chun Tang ◽  
Qin He ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Fungal Microbiota

Predicting endoscopic remission in Crohn’s disease by the modified multiplier SES-CD (MM-SES-CD)

Gut ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-323799
Author(s):  
Neeraj Narula ◽  
Emily C L Wong ◽  
Jean-Frederic Colombel ◽  
William J Sandborn ◽  
John Kenneth Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Active Therapy ◽  
Testing Dataset ◽  
Endoscopic Remission

Background and aimsThe Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD) is the primary tool for measurement of mucosal inflammation in clinical trials but lacks prognostic potential. We set to develop and validate a modified multiplier of the SES-CD (MM-SES-CD), which takes into consideration each individual parameter’s prognostic value for achieving endoscopic remission (ER) while on active therapy.MethodsIn this posthoc analysis of three CD clinical trial programmes (n=350 patients, baseline SES-CD ≥ 3 with confirmed ulceration), data were pooled and randomly split into a 70% training and 30% testing cohort. The MM-SES-CD was designed using weights for individual parameters as determined by logistic regression modelling, with 1-year ER (SES-CD < 3) being the dependent variable. A cut point score for low and high probability of ER was determined by using the maximum Youden Index and validated in the testing cohort.ResultsBaseline ulcer size, extent of ulceration and presence of non-passable strictures had the strongest association with 1-year ER as compared with affected surface area, with differential weighting of individual parameters across disease segments being observed during logistic regression. The MM-SES-CD was generated using this weighted regression model and demonstrated strong discrimination for ER in the training dataset (area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) 0.83, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.94) and in the testing dataset (AUC 0.82, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.92). In comparison to the MM-SES-CD scoring model, the original SES-CD score lacks accuracy (AUC 0.60, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.65) for predicting the achievement of ER.ConclusionsWe developed and internally validated the MM-SES-CD as an endoscopic severity assessment tool to predict one-year ER in patients with CD on active therapy.

scholarly journals Massive Obscure Overt Gastrointestinal Bleed: An Unusual Cause diagnosed by Capsule Endoscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
Chalapathi Rao ◽  
Surinder S Rana ◽  
Amit Bhauwala ◽  
Kartar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleed ◽  
Common Causes

ABSTRACT Common causes for obscure overt gastrointestinal bleeding originating from the small bowel include small bowel angioectasias, Crohn's disease, ulcers and tumors. In tropical countries, intestinal ulcerations secondary to tuberculosis and parasitic infestations have also been described as causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. We present a very unusual case of massive obscure overt gastrointestinal bleeding due to massive hookworm infestation of the small bowel that was diagnosed by capsule endoscopy and successfully treated with oral albendazole. How to cite this article Rao C, Sharma A, Rana SS, Bhauwala A, Singh S, Singh K, Bhasin DK. Massive Obscure Overt Gastrointestinal Bleed: An Unusual Cause diagnosed by Capsule Endoscopy. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):37-39.

scholarly journals The New Proactive Approach and Precision Medicine in Crohn’s Disease

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Eran Zittan ◽  
Ian M. Gralnek ◽  
Marc S. Berns
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Remission Induction ◽  
Clinical Relapse ◽  
Proactive Approach

The proactive approach to Crohn’s disease (CD) management advocates moving toward algorithmic tight-control scenarios that are designed for each CD phenotype to guide remission induction, maintenance therapy, active monitoring, and multidisciplinary care to manage the complexities of each inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient. This requires accurate initial clinical, laboratory, radiological, endoscopic, and/or tissue diagnosis for proper phenotypic stratification of each CD patient. A substantial proportion of patients in symptomatic remission have been reported to demonstrate evidence of active disease, with elevated fecal calprotectin(FC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as a hallmark for mucosal inflammation. Active mucosal inflammation, and elevated CRP and fecal calprotectin (FC) have been shown to be good predictors of clinical relapse, disease progression, and complications in IBD patients. The next frontier of treatment is personalized medicine or precision medicine to help solve the problem of IBD heterogeneity and variable responses to treatment. Personalized medicine has the potential to increase the efficacy and/or reduce potential adverse effects of treatment for each CD phenotype. However, there is currently an unmet need for better elucidation of the inflammatory biopathways and genetic signatures of each IBD phenotype, so personalized medicine can specifically target the underlying cause of the disease and provide maximal efficacy to each patient.

A Nomogram Combining Fecal Calprotectin Levels and Plasma Cytokine Profiles for Individual Prediction of Postoperative Crohn’s Disease Recurrence

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1681-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cerrillo ◽  
Inés Moret ◽  
Marisa Iborra ◽  
José Pamies ◽  
David Hervás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Plasma Cytokine ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background The aims of this study were to characterize the immune response profile in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and early postoperative recurrence (POR), to identify predictive biomarkers, and to develop a noninvasive predictive tool for individual estimation of POR risk. Methods Sixty-one patients who had undergone ileocolonic resection for CD were prospectively included and followed up for 24 months. Fecal calprotectin (FC), analytical parameters, and plasma cytokines were obtained before surgery and at various time points during postoperative follow-up. Morphological recurrence was assessed by ileocolonoscopy or magnetic resonance enterography within 6–12 months after surgery. Clinical activity was scored using the Harvey-Bradshaw Index. Results Twenty-seven patients (44.3%) had morphological recurrence during follow-up. Fecal calprotectin values were significantly associated with POR risk over time. The receiver operating characteristic curve for FC provided an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.96), and morphological recurrence was best predicted by FC ≥160 μg/g at 6 months after surgery (85% sensitivity, 70% specificity, 26% predictive positive value, 98% negative predictive value [NPV]). The plasma cytokine profile showed higher presurgery interleukin (IL)-13 plasma levels and higher IL-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels at 6 months after surgery in patients with POR compared with patients without recurrence. The combination of FC, IL-6, and IFN-γ values at 6 months gave an AUC of 0.90 for predicting an early recurrence. Conclusions FC values <160 μg/g at 6 months have a high NPV to rule out early lesions. Combined values of FC, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels at 6 months postsurgery constitute a prognostic index with a high predictive capacity to assess the risk of early POR.

scholarly journals 6 MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE MEDIATED CLEAVAGE OF SURFACE PD-L1 ON (MYO)FIBROBLAST CONTRIBUTES TO THE DYSREGULATION OF T-CELL RESPONSES IN CROHN’S DISEASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S26-S26
Author(s):  
Jose E Aguirre ◽  
Ellen J Beswick ◽  
Carl Grim ◽  
Romain Villeger ◽  
Don Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Responses

Development and Validation of the Mucosal Inflammation Noninvasive Index For Pediatric Crohn’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martinus A. Cozijnsen ◽  
Assaf Ben Shoham ◽  
Ben Kang ◽  
Byung-Ho Choe ◽  
Yon Ho Choe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Immunolocalization of leptin and leptin receptor in colorectal mucosa of ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and control subjects with no inflammatory bowel disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Merigo ◽  
Alessandro Brandolese ◽  
Sonia Facchin ◽  
Federico Boschi ◽  
Marzia Di Chio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Colorectal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract The expression of leptin and leptin receptor (Ob-R) has been partially elucidated in colon of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), even though leptin is involved in angiogenesis and inflammation. We previously reported overexpression of GLUT5 fructose transporter, in aberrant clusters of lymphatic vessels in lamina propria of IBD and controls. Here, we examine leptin and Ob-R expression in the same biopsies. Specimens were obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) and controls who underwent screening for colorectal cancer, follow-up after polypectomy or with a history of lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Immunohistochemistry revealed leptin in apical and basolateral membranes of short epithelial portions, Ob-R on the apical pole of epithelial cells. Leptin and Ob-R were also identified in structures and cells scattered in the lamina propria. In UC, a significant correlation between leptin and Ob-R in the lamina propria was found in all inflamed samples, beyond non-inflamed samples of the proximal tract, while in CD, it was found in inflamed distal samples. Most of the leptin and Ob-R positive areas in the lamina propria were also GLUT5 immunoreactive in inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa. A significant correlation of leptin or Ob-R expression with GLUT5 was observed in the inflamed distal samples from UC. Our findings suggest that there are different sites of leptin and Ob-R expression in large intestine and those in lamina propria do not reflect the status of mucosal inflammation. The co-localization of leptin and/or Ob-R with GLUT5 may indicate concomitance effects in colorectal lamina propria areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document