scholarly journals TLRs in the Gut I. The role of TLRs/Nods in intestinal development and homeostasis

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. G6-G10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Sanderson ◽  
W. Allan Walker
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Class Ii Transactivator ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

The innate immune system includes microbial pattern recognition receptors that detect bacteria and viral products at the cell surface, in vesicles, and within the cytoplasm. Transmembrane signaling occurs through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Cytoplasmic receptors are generally members of the nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family (CATERPILLER family). They influence the effects of other family members and of TLRs. Most NOD-LRR members enhance signal transduction, but Monarch-1 counterbalances TLR activity. NOD-LRR family members also act within the adaptive immune system. The class II transactivator regulates major histocompatibility complex class II expression. In the intestine, it is developmentally regulated, and its expression depends on weaning and, independently, on age.

scholarly journals Adipocytes, Innate Immunity and Obesity: A Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alecia M. Blaszczak ◽  
Anahita Jalilvand ◽  
Willa A. Hsueh
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in obesity and its multiple related-complications is a rapidly expanding area of scientific interest. Within the last 30 years, the role of the adipocyte as an endocrine and immunologic cell has been progressively established. Like the macrophage, the adipocyte is capable of linking the innate and adaptive immune system through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines; exosome release of lipids, hormones, and microRNAs; and contact interaction with other immune cells. Key innate immune cells in AT include adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s). The role of the innate immune system in promoting adipose tissue inflammation in obesity will be highlighted in this review. T cells and B cells also play important roles in contributing to AT inflammation and are discussed in this series in the chapter on adaptive immunity.

scholarly journals Role of immune cells in the ocular manifestations of pemphigoid diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 251584141986812
Author(s):  
Tanima Bose
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ocular Distribution

Pemphigoid disease is classified according to the phenotypical location of the disease and the presence of different types of antibodies. The ocular distribution of pemphigoid mainly occurs in patients with bullous pemphigoid and mucous membrane pemphigoid. Several immune cells, including the cells of the innate immune system (neutrophils and γδ T cells) and the adaptive immune system (T and B cells), are involved in pemphigoid disease. The treatment of pemphigoid is still wide-ranging, and the most utilized treatment is the use of immunosuppressants and corticosteroids. In this scenario, it is absolutely important to screen the immune cells that are involved in this group of diseases and to determine if a targeted treatment approach is plausible. In conclusion, this review will identify some newer treatment possibilities for the whole spectrum of pemphigoid diseases.

scholarly journals Role of the adaptive immune system in hypertension

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G Harrison ◽  
Antony Vinh ◽  
Heinrich Lob ◽  
Meena S Madhur
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Role of T Lymphocytes in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Associated Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Xia ◽  
Xiaoquan Rao ◽  
Jixin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Although a critical role of adaptive immune system has been confirmed in driving local and systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes and promoting insulin resistance, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Inflammatory regulation has been focused on innate immunity especially macrophage for a long time, while increasing evidence suggests T cells are crucial for the development of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance since 2009. There was growing evidence supporting the critical implication of T cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We will discuss the available effect of T cells subsets in adaptive immune system associated with the procession of T2DM, which may unveil several potential strategies that could provide successful therapies in the future.

scholarly journals Epileptic Encephalitis: The Role of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bauer ◽  
Annamaria Vezzani ◽  
Christian G. Bien
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals The Immune System as Drug Target

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. III.S12145
Author(s):  
Darren R. Flower
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Human Immunity ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems

The immune system is perhaps the largest yet most diffuse and distributed somatic system in vertebrates. It plays vital roles in fighting infection and in the homeostatic control of chronic disease. As such, the immune system in both pathological and healthy states is a prime target for therapeutic interventions by drugs–-both small-molecule and biologic. Comprising both the innate and adaptive immune systems, human immunity is awash with potential unexploited molecular targets. Key examples include the pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system and the major histocompatibility complex of the adaptive immune system. Moreover, the immune system is also the source of many current and, hopefully, future drugs, of which the prime example is the monoclonal antibody, the most exciting and profitable type of present-day drug moiety. This brief review explores the identity and synergies of the hierarchy of drug targets represented by the human immune system, with particular emphasis on the emerging paradigm of systems pharmacology.

O4-11-06: Role of the Adaptive Immune System in Cerebral Beta-Amyloidosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P362-P362
Author(s):  
Luka Kulic ◽  
Claudia Spaeni ◽  
Carlo Cervia ◽  
Tobias Suter ◽  
Maria Teresa Ferretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The role of the adaptive immune system in regulation of gut microbiota

2014 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia M. Kato ◽  
Shimpei Kawamoto ◽  
Mikako Maruya ◽  
Sidonia Fagarasan
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune
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