The role of the adaptive immune system in regulation of gut microbiota

2014 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia M. Kato ◽  
Shimpei Kawamoto ◽  
Mikako Maruya ◽  
Sidonia Fagarasan
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Adipocytes, Innate Immunity and Obesity: A Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alecia M. Blaszczak ◽  
Anahita Jalilvand ◽  
Willa A. Hsueh
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in obesity and its multiple related-complications is a rapidly expanding area of scientific interest. Within the last 30 years, the role of the adipocyte as an endocrine and immunologic cell has been progressively established. Like the macrophage, the adipocyte is capable of linking the innate and adaptive immune system through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines; exosome release of lipids, hormones, and microRNAs; and contact interaction with other immune cells. Key innate immune cells in AT include adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s). The role of the innate immune system in promoting adipose tissue inflammation in obesity will be highlighted in this review. T cells and B cells also play important roles in contributing to AT inflammation and are discussed in this series in the chapter on adaptive immunity.

Impact of gut microbiota on immune system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Riazi-Rad ◽  
Ava Behrouzi ◽  
Hoora Mazaheri ◽  
Asal Katebi ◽  
Soheila Ajdary
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Environmental Antigens

AbstractThe commensal microflora collection known as microbiota has an essential role in maintaining the host's physiological homeostasis. The microbiota has a vital role in induction and regulation of local and systemic immune responses. On the other hand, the immune system involves maintaining microbiota compositions. Optimal microbiota-immune system cross-talk is essential for protective responses to pathogens and immune tolerance to self and harmless environmental antigens. Any change in this symbiotic relationship may cause susceptibility to diseases. The association of various cancers and auto-immune diseases with microbiota has been proven. Here we review the interaction of immune responses to gut microbiota, focusing on innate and adaptive immune system and disease susceptibility.

scholarly journals Role of immune cells in the ocular manifestations of pemphigoid diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 251584141986812
Author(s):  
Tanima Bose
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ocular Distribution

Pemphigoid disease is classified according to the phenotypical location of the disease and the presence of different types of antibodies. The ocular distribution of pemphigoid mainly occurs in patients with bullous pemphigoid and mucous membrane pemphigoid. Several immune cells, including the cells of the innate immune system (neutrophils and γδ T cells) and the adaptive immune system (T and B cells), are involved in pemphigoid disease. The treatment of pemphigoid is still wide-ranging, and the most utilized treatment is the use of immunosuppressants and corticosteroids. In this scenario, it is absolutely important to screen the immune cells that are involved in this group of diseases and to determine if a targeted treatment approach is plausible. In conclusion, this review will identify some newer treatment possibilities for the whole spectrum of pemphigoid diseases.

scholarly journals Role of the adaptive immune system in hypertension

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G Harrison ◽  
Antony Vinh ◽  
Heinrich Lob ◽  
Meena S Madhur
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Role of T Lymphocytes in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Associated Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Xia ◽  
Xiaoquan Rao ◽  
Jixin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Although a critical role of adaptive immune system has been confirmed in driving local and systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes and promoting insulin resistance, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Inflammatory regulation has been focused on innate immunity especially macrophage for a long time, while increasing evidence suggests T cells are crucial for the development of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance since 2009. There was growing evidence supporting the critical implication of T cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We will discuss the available effect of T cells subsets in adaptive immune system associated with the procession of T2DM, which may unveil several potential strategies that could provide successful therapies in the future.

scholarly journals Epileptic Encephalitis: The Role of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bauer ◽  
Annamaria Vezzani ◽  
Christian G. Bien
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune

O4-11-06: Role of the Adaptive Immune System in Cerebral Beta-Amyloidosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. P362-P362
Author(s):  
Luka Kulic ◽  
Claudia Spaeni ◽  
Carlo Cervia ◽  
Tobias Suter ◽  
Maria Teresa Ferretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals TLRs in the Gut I. The role of TLRs/Nods in intestinal development and homeostasis

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. G6-G10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Sanderson ◽  
W. Allan Walker
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Class Ii Transactivator ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

The innate immune system includes microbial pattern recognition receptors that detect bacteria and viral products at the cell surface, in vesicles, and within the cytoplasm. Transmembrane signaling occurs through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Cytoplasmic receptors are generally members of the nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family (CATERPILLER family). They influence the effects of other family members and of TLRs. Most NOD-LRR members enhance signal transduction, but Monarch-1 counterbalances TLR activity. NOD-LRR family members also act within the adaptive immune system. The class II transactivator regulates major histocompatibility complex class II expression. In the intestine, it is developmentally regulated, and its expression depends on weaning and, independently, on age.

scholarly journals The Role of the Immune System in Huntington’s Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisa Ellrichmann ◽  
Christiane Reick ◽  
Carsten Saft ◽  
Ralf A. Linker
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Cag Repeats ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems ◽  
Migration Of Macrophages

Huntington’s disease (HD) is characterized by a progressive course of disease until death 15–20 years after the first symptoms occur and is caused by a mutation with expanded CAG repeats in the huntingtin (htt) protein. Mutant htt (mhtt) in the striatum is assumed to be the main reason for neurodegeneration. Knowledge about pathophysiology has rapidly improved discussing influences of excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, free radicals, and inflammatory mechanisms. Both innate and adaptive immune systems may play an important role in HD. Activation of microglia with expression of proinflammatory cytokines, impaired migration of macrophages, and deposition of complement factors in the striatum indicate an activation of the innate immune system. As part of the adaptive immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) prime T-cell responses secreting inflammatory mediators. In HD, DCs may contain mhtt which brings the adaptive immune system into the focus of interest. These data underline an increasing interest in the peripheral immune system for pathomechanisms of HD. It is still unclear if neuroinflammation is a reactive process or if there is an active influence on disease progression. Further understanding the influence of inflammation in HD using mouse models may open various avenues for promising therapeutic approaches aiming at slowing disease progression or forestalling onset of disease.

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