PDGF-α stimulates intestinal epithelial cell turnover after massive small bowel resection in a rat

Numerous cytokines have been shown to affect epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation through epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. Growing evidence suggests that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling is an important mediator of these interactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of PDGF-α on enterocyte turnover in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS). Male rats were divided into four groups: Sham rats underwent bowel transection, Sham-PDGF-α rats underwent bowel transection and were treated with PDGF-α, SBS rats underwent a 75% bowel resection, and SBS-PDGF-α rats underwent bowel resection and were treated with PDGF-α. Parameters of intestinal adaptation, enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis were determined at euthanasia. Illumina's Digital Gene Expression analysis was used to determine PDGF-related gene expression profiling. PDGF-α and PDGF-α receptor (PDGFR-α) expression was determined by real-time PCR. Western blotting was used to determine p-ERK, Akt1/2/3, bax, and bcl-2 protein levels. SBS rats demonstrated a significant increase in PDGF-α and PDGFR-α expression in jejunum and ileum compared with sham animals. SBS-PDGF-α rats demonstrated a significant increase in bowel and mucosal weight, villus height, and crypt depth in jejunum and ileum compared with SBS animals. PDGF-α receptor expression in crypts increased in SBS rats (vs. sham) and was accompanied by an increased cell proliferation following PDGF-α administration. A significant decrease in cell apoptosis in this group was correlated with lower bax protein levels. In conclusion, in a rat model of SBS, PDGF-α stimulates enterocyte turnover, which is correlated with upregulated PDGF-α receptor expression in the remaining small intestine.

Download Full-text

Effect of Resistance Training with Palm Pollen and Testosterone on Runx2 Protein and Gene Expression Levels in Bone Tissue of Adult Male Rats

hormozgan medical journal ◽

10.5812/hmj.105332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Nazila Payandeh ◽

Maghsoud Peeri ◽

Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ◽

Seyed Ali Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Male Rats ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Related Transcription Factor ◽

And Training ◽

Gene Expression Levels

Background: A healthy lifestyle, nutrition, and exercise can improve bone mass via several mechanisms. Objectives: This study assessed the effects of four weeks of palm pollen consumption along with resistance training on protein and gene expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in bone tissue of rats. Methods: Thirty-six rats were selected and assigned into six groups, including (1) training + testosterone, (2) training + palm pollen, (3) testosterone, (4) palm pollen, (5) training and (6) sham. Then, 100 mg/kg of palm pollen was prescribed five days per week. Resistance training was performed five sessions per week, and 2 mg/kg of testosterone propionate was prescribed peritoneally. Gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 were measured via the real-time PCR and Western blot methods. Results: Training had a significant effect on the increase in Runx2 protein levels (P ≤ 0.05). Training + testosterone, training + palm pollen, testosterone, and palm pollen had significant effects on gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 (P ≤ 0.05). Training + testosterone and training + palm pollen had more favorable effects on the increase of gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 than had testosterone, palm pollen, and training (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Although training, palm pollen, and testosterone alone could increase the Runx2 protein levels in the bone tissue of rats, training with palm pollen and training with testosterone appeared to have more favorable effects on the increase of gene expression and protein levels of Runx2 than either alone.

Download Full-text

Synbiotic Cheese from Goat Milk Suppresses Indomethacin-induced Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) Expression in a Rat Model of GastricInjury

International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics ◽

10.37290/ijpp2641-7197.14:32-36 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 32-36

Author(s):

Salmi ◽

Nurliyani ◽

Sunarti

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Adhesion Molecule ◽

Rat Model ◽

Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Gastric Injury ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽

Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule

Synbiotic cheese made of goat milk, bacterial starter Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and porang glucomannan has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of synbiotic cheese on gene expression and protein levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in a rat model of gastric injury. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. For 28 days, three groups received an increasing dosage of synbiotic cheese and one group received one dosage of probiotic cheese. For comparison, there was a placebo group receiving nothing and another group receiving indomethacin alone. On day 29, all rats received 20 mg/kg indomethacin intragastrically to induce gastric injury. Twenty-four hours later, rats were euthanized, and gastric tissue was taken for the quantification of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 gene and protein expressions. The results showed that pretreatment of synbiotic cheese caused significant suppression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. Synbiotic cheese at a dose of 0.36 g/day significantly suppressed intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 protein expression (P < 0.05), whereas synbiotic cheese at a dose of 0.72 g/day significantly suppressed both gene expression and protein levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (P < 0.05) compared to the indomethacin alone group. We conclude that synbiotic cheese may protect from gastric injury through modulation of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1.

Download Full-text

Reduction of renal dopamine receptor expression in obese Zucker rats: role of sex and angiotensin II

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00604.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 299 (5) ◽

pp. F1164-F1170 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Wang ◽

Fengmin Li ◽

Pedro A. Jose ◽

Carolyn M. Ecelbarger

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Zucker Rats ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Obese Zucker Rats

Dopamine produced by renal proximal tubules increases sodium excretion via a decrease in renal sodium reabsorption. Dopamine natriuresis is impaired in obese Zucker rats; however, the mechanism is not fully understood. To test the hypothesis that renal expression of one or more of the subtypes are altered in these rats, we measured whole kidney protein levels by immunoblotting of D1-like (D1R and D5R) and D2-like (D2R, D3R, and D4R) dopamine receptors in both male and female obese and lean Zucker rats. In obese males on 1% NaCl diet, D1R, D2R, D4R, and D5R were decreased, while D3R was increased, relative to lean rats. Under a 4% NaCl diet, D2R and D3R levels in obese rats were restored to lean levels. 4% NaCl diet reduced D5R in both body types, relative to 1% NaCl diet. Female rats had higher expression of D1R and D3R than did male; however, the sex difference for D1R was markedly blunted in obese rats. In obese rats, dietary candesartan (angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker) normalized downregulated D1R and D2R, but either decreased (D3R), did not affect (D4R), or further downregulated (D5R) the other subtypes. Candesartan also decreased D4R in lean rats. In summary, reduced renal protein levels of D1R, D2R, D4R, and D5R in obese Zucker rats could induce salt sensitivity and elevate blood pressure. Increased angiotensin II type 1 receptor activity may be mechanistically involved in the decreased expression of D1R and D2R in obese rats. Finally, reduced D1R and D3R in male rats may contribute to sex differences in blood pressure.

Download Full-text

Increased interleukin-6 receptor expression in the paraventricular nucleus of rats with heart failure

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00507.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 292 (3) ◽

pp. R1165-R1173 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Bryan G. Helwig ◽

Timothy I. Musch ◽

Robin A. Craig ◽

Michael J. Kenney

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Coronary Ligation ◽

Gene And Protein Expression ◽

Interleukin 6 Receptor ◽

Enhanced Expression

Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and augmented plasma and tissue levels of IL-6 are hallmarks of heart failure (HF). Within the forebrain, cardiovascular homeostasis is mediated in part by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. IL-6, via binding to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)/glycoprotein 130 (gp130) complex influences cellular and physiological responses. Thus, in the current study, we hypothesized that PVN IL-6R protein and gene expression are upregulated in HF vs. sham-operated rats, whereas gp130 levels in the same tissues remain stable. Six weeks after coronary ligation surgery, hemodynamic measurements were obtained, and HF rats were divided into moderate noncongestive and severe chronic congestive groups based on cardiac indices. Plasma IL-6 levels were determined and changes in gene and protein expression of IL-6R and gp130 between sham-operated and HF rats were determined via real-time PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Plasma levels of IL-6 were elevated in rats with severe, but not moderate, HF compared with sham-operated controls. In both moderate and severe HF rats, protein but not gene expression of IL-6R was significantly increased in PVN tissue but not in non-PVN tissue, compared with sham-operated controls. Gene and protein levels of the gp130 subunit were not altered by HF in either tissue analyzed. Collectively, these data suggest that within the brain of HF rats, IL-6R expression is not a global change. Rather the increased IL-6 levels characteristic of HF may alter PVN-mediated physiological responses via enhanced expression of the IL-6R.

Download Full-text

The Jagged-1/Notch-1/Hes-1 Pathway Is Involved in Intestinal Adaptation in a Massive Small Bowel Resection Rat Model

Digestive Diseases and Sciences ◽

10.1007/s10620-013-2680-3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (9) ◽

pp. 2478-2486 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Guoqing Chen ◽

Lihua Sun ◽

Min Yu ◽

Dan Meng ◽

Wensheng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Bowel ◽

Rat Model ◽

Bowel Resection ◽

Intestinal Adaptation ◽

Small Bowel Resection ◽

Notch 1 ◽

Massive Small Bowel Resection

Download Full-text

Melatonin treatment affects changes in adrenal gene expression of catecholamine biosynthesizing enzymes and norepinephrine transporter in the rat model of chronic-stress-induced depression

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2018-0612 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (7) ◽

pp. 685-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bojana Stefanovic ◽

Natasa Spasojevic ◽

Predrag Jovanovic ◽

Sladjana Dronjak

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Adrenal Medulla ◽

Rat Model ◽

Norepinephrine Transporter ◽

Vesicular Monoamine Transporter ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Melatonin Treatment ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Norepinephrine Content

This study investigated the effects of melatonin treatment on adrenal catecholamine content, synthesis, uptake, and vesicular transport induced by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression in rats. This entailed quantifying the norepinephrine, epinephrine, mRNA, and protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in the adrenal medulla. CUMS caused a significant depletion of norepinephrine stores and protein levels of TH, DBH, and NET, whereas the gene expression of PNMT was increased. It was observed that melatonin treatment in the CUMS rats prevented the stress-induced decrease in norepinephrine content and the protein expression of TH, DBH, and NET in the adrenal medulla of chronically stressed rats. The present study demonstrates the stimulatory effect of melatonin on adrenomedullary synthesis, the uptake and content of catecholamine in the rat model of chronic stress-induced depression.

Download Full-text

Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract Improves Insulin Production but Enhances Bax Protein Expression in Cafeteria-Treated Male Rats

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2013/875314 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lídia Cedó ◽

Anna Castell-Auví ◽

Victor Pallarès ◽

Mayte Blay ◽

Anna Ardévol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Grape Seed ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Insulin Production ◽

Prediabetic State ◽

Insulin Synthesis ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Bax Protein ◽

Female Wistar Rats

In a previous study, the administration of a grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) in female Wistar rats improved insulin resistance, reduced insulin production, and modulated apoptosis biomarkers in the pancreas. Considering that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in females are different from these parameters in males, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GSPE on male Wistar cafeteria-induced obese rats. The results have confirmed that the cafeteria model is a robust model mimicking a prediabetic state, as these rats display insulin resistance, increased insulin synthesis and secretion, and increased apoptosis in the pancreas. In addition, GSPE treatment (25 mg/kg of GSPE for 21 days) in male rats improves insulin resistance and counteracts the cafeteria-induced effects on insulin synthesis. However, the administration of the extract enhances the cafeteria-induced increase in Bax protein levels, suggesting increased apoptosis. This result contradicts previous results from cafeteria-fed female rats, in which GSPE seemed to counteract the increased apoptosis induced by the cafeteria diet.

Download Full-text