Differential effect of taurocholic acid on hepatic arterial resistance vessels and bile flow

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (4) ◽  
pp. G366-G369 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Lautt ◽  
T. R. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Parenchymal Cell ◽  
Taurocholic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Bile Formation ◽  
Liver Parenchymal Cell ◽  
Vascular Responses

The "hepatic arterial buffer response" hypothesis states that the hepatic artery is not controlled by liver parenchymal cell metabolic activity. Bile salts stimulate liver metabolism (elevate bile formation) and dilate the hepatic artery. The present data show that the vascular and metabolic effects in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium are independent. Low doses of taurocholate (1 microM . min-1 . kg-1) produce metabolic but not vascular responses. At higher doses both the hepatic artery and superior mesenteric artery dilate with equal sensitivity. Taurocholate into the portal vein produced elevated bile flow and hepatic arterial dilation; infusion via the hepatic artery resulted in equal metabolic responses but much greater vascular effects. In addition, the time course of onset and termination of the metabolic and vascular responses supports the conclusion that the effects of taurocholic acid on hepatic bile flow and hepatic arterial flow are independent actions. This adds further support for the hepatic arterial buffer response being controlled by factors other than local hepatic metabolic demands.

scholarly journals Microchannelled alkylated chitosan sponge to treat noncompressible hemorrhages and facilitate wound healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinchen Du ◽  
Le Wu ◽  
Hongyu Yan ◽  
Zhuyan Jiang ◽  
Shilin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Shape Recovery ◽  
Parenchymal Cell ◽  
Gelatin Sponge ◽  
Defect Model ◽  
Liver Parenchymal Cell ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
3D Printed

AbstractDeveloping an anti-infective shape-memory hemostatic sponge able to guide in situ tissue regeneration for noncompressible hemorrhages in civilian and battlefield settings remains a challenge. Here we engineer hemostatic chitosan sponges with highly interconnective microchannels by combining 3D printed microfiber leaching, freeze-drying, and superficial active modification. We demonstrate that the microchannelled alkylated chitosan sponge (MACS) exhibits the capacity for water and blood absorption, as well as rapid shape recovery. We show that compared to clinically used gauze, gelatin sponge, CELOX™, and CELOX™-gauze, the MACS provides higher pro-coagulant and hemostatic capacities in lethally normal and heparinized rat and pig liver perforation wound models. We demonstrate its anti-infective activity against S. aureus and E. coli and its promotion of liver parenchymal cell infiltration, vascularization, and tissue integration in a rat liver defect model. Overall, the MACS demonstrates promising clinical translational potential in treating lethal noncompressible hemorrhage and facilitating wound healing.

scholarly journals Hemodynamics and metabolic effects of prolonged and isolated hepatic artery occlusion in dogs

Critical Care ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Cruz ◽  
EA Ribeiro ◽  
LF Poli de Figueiredo ◽  
O Rojas ◽  
M Rocha e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Metabolic Effects

scholarly journals Some biological indicators relevant for the management of cholestasis in children

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1421-1424
Author(s):  
Evelina Moraru ◽  
Ana Drochioi ◽  
Paula Popovici ◽  
Carmen Anton ◽  
Laura Bozomitu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Bile Formation ◽  
Diagnostic Protocol ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Cholestasis is a multifactorial disorder with various biological, infectious, toxic, genetic and metabolic manifestations, its principal feature presented as reduced bile flow or abnormalities in bile formation. It has lately been accepted that some specific biological markers would shorten the period needed to establish a positive diagnosis, as currently it is necessary to navigate through a complex diagnostic protocol for this disorder. The purpose of this study was to establish some biological parameters and biomarkers useful for cholestasis management in children. Two hundred thirty-two children with cholestasis were selected, during a six-year study. The biological indicators followed were serum bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Our data showed that certain biological parameters are more often involved in the various forms of cholestasis, and the conclusions of this study could be useful in the early detection of cholestasis and appropriate disease management.

scholarly journals Review on Parkinson’s Disease, a Neurodegenerative Disorder and The Role of Ceruloplasmin Protein in It

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Chaudhary ◽  
Noopur Khare ◽  
Yamini Dixit ◽  
Abhimanyu Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Parenchymal Cell ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Muscle Rigidity ◽  
Liver Parenchymal Cell ◽  
Mao B

Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disease is becoming major health concern mainly for elder people of age over 60 years. The main cause of PD is permanent loss/death of dopaminergic nerve cells present in brain part called substantia nigra, which is responsible for dopamine synthesis. MAO-B, monoamine oxidase B, regulates dopamine metabolism and increased activity of MAO-B causes dopamine degradation which in turn promotes the accumulation of glutamate and oxidative stress with free radical liberation. Several factors like oxidative stress, free radical formation, increased cholesterol, mitochondrial dysfunction, nitric oxide toxicity, signal-mediated apoptosis, head trauma, and environmental toxins and gene mutations like VPS35, SNCA, EIF4G1, GBA, CHCHD, LRRK2, PINK1, DNAJC13 and SOD2 are associated with PD. Symptoms of PD include bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, resting tremors, postural instability and shuffling gait, constipation, sleep problems, fatigue, apathy, loss of smell and taste, excessive sweating, frequent nightmares, dream enacting behaviour, anxiety, depression, daytime drowsiness. In PD, low levels of ceruloplasmin were observed in people with early onset of PD. Ceruloplasmin, a ferroxidase enzyme which is synthesized in liver parenchymal cell, regulates iron metabolism and lower level of which causes iron accumulation in brain which is responsible for the early onset of PD. Levodopa-based preparations, Dopamine agonists, Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, MOA-B inhibitors, Adjunctive therapy, Antiglutamatergics drugs are currently used for the treatment of PD.

scholarly journals A novel technique to study the time course of morphological and functional vascular responses to hypertension in conscious rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Martin Stauss ◽  
Katie M Leick ◽  
Jason W Burkle ◽  
Diane L Rotella ◽  
Kevin R Rarick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Novel Technique

Regulation of pyruvate kinase by 6-phosphogluconate in isolated hepatocytes

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (3) ◽  
pp. E279-E285
Author(s):  
S. B. Smith ◽  
R. A. Freedland
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Parenchymal Cell ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Liver Parenchymal Cell ◽  
Liver Parenchymal ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Isolated Liver

Isolated liver parenchymal cells from rats fed a 65% sucrose diet for 14 days were incubated in the presence and absence of 10(-6) M glucagon. The pyruvate kinase obtained from homogenates of the glucagon-treated cells displayed and increased Ks 0.5 for phosphoenolpyruvate (P-enolpyruvate), as well as an increased Ka 0.5 for 6-phosphogluconate (6-P-gluconate), compared to pyruvate kinase from untreated cells. Additionally, glucagon treatment decreased the maximal stimulation of pyruvate kinase by 6-P-gluconate by approximately two-thirds and decreased the Hill coefficient value of pyruvate kinase for 6-P-gluconate from 1.76 to 1.56. 6-Aminonicotinamide, an inhibitor of 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase, increased 6-P-gluconate levels in isolated liver parenchymal cells three- to sevenfold, depending on the substrates present. The flux of P-enolpyruvate through pyruvate kinase was increased from 18 to 40% in these preparations and was highly correlated with the increase in 6-P-gluconate levels. The results suggest that 6-P-gluconate could regulate pyruvate kinase activity in the intact liver parenchymal cell. Furthermore, the activator would be of greatest importance in the lipogenic animal.

Time-course and regional distribution of the metabolic effects of bromocriptine in the rat brain

1985 ◽  
Vol 341 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Pizzolato ◽  
Timothy T. Soncrant ◽  
Stanley I. Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Effects

Vascular effects of platelet-activating factor in lambs: role of cyclo- and lipoxygenase

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 2559-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Toga ◽  
S. Hibler ◽  
B. O. Ibe ◽  
J. U. Raj
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Arterial Constriction ◽  
Isolated Lungs

In adult sheep, platelet-activating factor (PAF) effects include systemic hypotension and pulmonary hypertension. To identify developmental differences in vascular responses to PAF, we studied the effects of C18- and C16-PAF in 49 +/- 2- (SE) day-old lambs. Responses of upstream (arteries and microvessels) and venous segments of the lung to C18-PAF were determined both in vivo and in isolated lungs. In isolated lungs, the role of eicosanoids in PAF effects was also determined. In vivo, both C18- and C16-PAF caused a significant increase in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. The magnitude of vascular responses to C16-PAF was greater than that to C18-PAF. C18-PAF constricted both upstream and venous segments of the pulmonary circulation. Cyclooxygenase inhibition in isolated lungs attenuated arterial constriction to C18-PAF, whereas simultaneous cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition completely blocked the effects of C18-PAF. In summary, in contrast to PAF effects in adult sheep, PAF constricts both systemic and pulmonary vessels in lambs, with significant pulmonary venous constriction. Eicosanoids, especially lipoxygenase products, play a major role in mediating PAF effects in the lung.

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