Hormonal regulation of postprandial induction of gastrointestinal ornithine decarboxylase activity

The growth of gastrointestinal mucosa can be related to ingestion and digestion of diet, with fasting producing mucosal hypoplasia and hyperphagia producing mucosal hyperplasia. Experiments were designed to determine whether induction of polyamine metabolism following ingestion of a meal was related to mucosal growth. Activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in both jejunum and ileum but not in duodenum was dependent on the presence of food in the gut; ODC activity was more than 200-fold greater in mucosa of fed rats than in fasted rats. Inhibition of ODC with difluoromethylornithine lead to mucosal atrophy in ileum but not in duodenum. Refeeding of fasted rats resulted in significant induction of ODC in duodenal, ileal, and colonic, but not fundic, mucosa. In addition, two hormones, epidermal growth factor and glucagon, were effective inducers of ileal ODC activity. Direct evidence for hormonal involvement in the postprandial rise in mucosal ODC activity was provided by experiments in rats that had undergone ileal bypass surgery. After refeeding of fasted rats mucosal ODC activity was induced in both ileum left in continuity and in the bypassed segment. Refeeding of elemental diets demonstrated that ingestion of carbohydrate alone was sufficient for maximal enzyme induction. Mixed amino acids or glyceryl trioleate were no more effective inducers than nonnutritive solutions of cellulose or saccharin. These data demonstrate that hormones which are released during ingestion and digestion of a meal are the stimuli for induction of mucosal polyamine metabolism, suggesting that food-induced mucosal growth is hormonally mediated.

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Epidermal Growth Factor Stimulates Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity in Cultured Mammalian Keratinocytes

Journal of Investigative Dermatology ◽

10.1111/1523-1747.ep12259174 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Philip Fleckman ◽

Robert Langdon ◽

Joseph McGuire

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Epidermal Growth

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Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor on Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity and DNA Synthesis in Rats during the Perinatal Period

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000243946 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 303-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Yamamoto ◽

Y. Hiramatsu ◽

K. Eguchi ◽

T. Kudo

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor ◽

Dna Synthesis ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Epidermal Growth

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The influence of nerve section on the metabolism of polyamines in rat diaphragm muscle

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1960603 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 196 (2) ◽

pp. 603-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

D Hopkins ◽

K L Manchester

Keyword(s):

Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽

Normal Values ◽

Methionine Adenosyltransferase ◽

Diaphragm Muscle ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Polyamine Metabolism ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Rat Diaphragm ◽

Nerve Section ◽

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase

Concentrations of spermidine, spermine and putrescine have been measured in rat diaphragm muscle after unilateral nerve section. The concentration of putrescine increased approx. 10-fold 2 days after nerve section, that of spermidine about 3-fold by day 3, whereas an increase in the concentration of spermine was only observed after 7-10 days. It was not possible to show enhanced uptake of either exogenous putrescine or spermidine by the isolated tissue during the hypertrophy. Consistent with the accumulation of putrescine, activity of ornithine decarboxylase increased within 1 day of nerve section, was maximally elevated by the second day and then declined. Synthesis of spermidine from [14C]putrescine and either methionine or S-adenosylmethionine bt diaphragm cytosol rose within 1 day of nerve section, but by day 3 had returned to normal or below normal values. Activity of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase similarly increased within 1 day of nerve section, but by day 3 had declined to below normal values. Activity of methionine adenosyltransferase was elevated throughout the period studied. The concentration of S-adenosylmethionine was likewise enhanced during hypertrophy. Administration of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) produced a marked increase in adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity and a large increase in putrescine concentration, but did not prevent the rise in spermidine concentration produced by denervation. Possible regulatory mechanisms of polyamine metabolism consistent with the observations are discussed.

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Luminal Epidermal Growth Factor Preserves Mucosal Mass of Small Bowel in Fasting Rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0900427 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 90 (5) ◽

pp. 427-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Martin H. Ulshen ◽

Ralph H. Raasch

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Small Bowel ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor ◽

Dna Content ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Mucosal Atrophy ◽

Small Bowel Mucosa ◽

Epidermal Growth ◽

Mucosal Growth ◽

Bowel Mucosa

1. Fasting causes atrophy of small bowel mucosa which rapidly resolves with luminal feeding. This effect of enteral nutrient-5-be mediated by stimulation of growth factor secretion. We therefore evaluated whether luminal administration of epidermal growth factor, a peptide hormone found in gastrointestinal contents and trophic for small bowel mucosa, would prevent the mucosal atrophy associated with starvation.¡ 2. Adult rats were: (i) fasted for 3 days, (ii) fasted and then refed for 1 day or (iii) fasted and then refed for 2 days. During the 2 days before study, animals in each group received infusions of epidermal growth factor (2.5 μg/day) or diluent alone into distal jejunum. 3. Epidermal growth factor treatment of fasted animals resulted in a tripling of mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity (P<0.001) and a doubling of mucosal DNA content (P<0.001) in the jejunum, values similar to those of refed animals. Epidermal growth factor infusion in refed rats resulted in a further doubling of mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity (P<0.001), but no additional increase in DNA content. Effects of epidermal growth factor infusion were generally greater in jejunum than ileum. 4. In conclusion, luminal exposure to epidermal growth factor prevents starvation-induced mucosal atrophy in the small bowel, but does not enhance the mucosal growth associated with refeeding. Effects are greatest at the site of administration. Luminal epidermal growth factor is a potential mediator of the indirect effects of nutrient on mucosal growth in the small bowel. Enteral administration of epidermal growth factor holds promise for preventing atrophy and maintaining mucosal integrity in starved and post-operative patients.

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The effect of transport system A and N amino acids and of nerve and epidermal growth factors on the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity

Journal of Cellular Physiology ◽

10.1002/jcp.1041230321 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 123 (3) ◽

pp. 435-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Clifford A. Rinehart ◽

Dace Viceps-Madore ◽

Wang-Fun Fong ◽

Jos� G. Ortiz ◽

Evangelo S. Canellakis

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽

Transport System ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Epidermal Growth Factors ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽

System A ◽

Epidermal Growth

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Effect of epidermal growth factor on intestinal mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/0016-5085(78)93123-2 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 1033

Author(s):

E.J. Feldman ◽

D. Aures ◽

M.I. Grossman

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Epidermal Growth

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Ileal mucosal growth during intraluminal infusion of ethylamine or putrescine

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1985.249.4.g434 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 249 (4) ◽

pp. G434-G438 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. R. Seidel ◽

M. K. Haddox ◽

L. R. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽

Serum Gastrin ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Ileal Mucosa ◽

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽

Serum Gastrin Concentration ◽

Catheter Tip ◽

Mucosal Growth ◽

Do So

Either ethylamine or the diamine putrescine was infused at the rate of 1 mumol/h for 66 h into the ileal lumen of rats. Total mucosal RNA, DNA, and protein content was greater in amine-treated rats than in rats receiving 0.9% NaCl. Growth was greatest in the mucosa surrounding the tip of the infusion catheter but was also observed 9 cm proximal and distal to the catheter tip. Infusion of these amines induced the activity of the enzymes ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Ornithine decarboxylase activity was increased 2- and 6-fold and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity 10- and 5-fold by putrescine and ethylamine, respectively. Induction of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes was not accompanied by increases in the tissue content of polyamines. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine content of the ileal mucosa surrounding the catheter tip was the same in 0.9% NaCl-, ethylamine-, and putrescine-treated animals. Finally, ethylamine was without effect on serum gastrin concentration in these experiments. The results suggest that amines regulate mucosal growth and may do so by modulating the activity of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the polyamines.

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