mucosal growth
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2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6977
Author(s):  
Jens F. Rehfeld

The antral hormone gastrin potently regulates gastric acid secretion and fundic mucosal growth. Consequently, appropriate gastrin secretion and plasma concentrations are important for the early phases of digestion. This review describes as the first premise the normal biogenesis of gastrin in the antral mucosa, but also mentions the extraantral expression. Subsequently, the molecular nature and concentration levels of gastrin in serum or plasma are overviewed. Third, assays for accurate measurements of plasma or serum concentrations are commented. Finally, the problem of moderate hypergastrinemia due to Helicobacter pylori infections and/or treatment with proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) is discussed. The review concludes that accurate measurement of the true concentrations of bioactive gastrins in plasma is important. Moreover, it suggests that moderate hypergastrinemias are also essential health issues that require serious attention.



2020 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. S212
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Shaughnessy ◽  
Robert A. Cowles
Keyword(s):  


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-448
Author(s):  
Ghassan Niaz ◽  
Ellen H De Moll ◽  
Lauren Zinns ◽  
Bryan Tassavor ◽  
Robert G Phelps

Mucoceles are one of the most common benign mucosal growth in the oral cavity. They may be under-recognized in children. Mucoceles infrequently present in groups. We present an unusual case of eruptive superficial mucoceles in a 6-day old male that served as a diagnostic dilemma.



PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0235634
Author(s):  
Julia Noel ◽  
Keigo Suzukawa ◽  
Eduardo Chavez ◽  
Kwang Pak ◽  
Stephen I. Wasserman ◽  
...  


2019 ◽  
Vol 229 (4) ◽  
pp. S202
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Shaughnessy ◽  
Christine J. Park ◽  
Robert A. Cowles


Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Chen ◽  
Ya-Hui Tsai ◽  
Bor-Jiun Tseng ◽  
Sheng-Hong Tseng

Growth hormone (GH) and glutamine (Gln) stimulate the growth of the intestinal mucosa. GH activates the proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), enhances the formation of crypt organoids, increases ISC stemness markers in the intestinal organoids, and drives the differentiation of ISCs into Paneth cells and enterocytes. Gln enhances the proliferation of ISCs and increases crypt organoid formation; however, it mainly acts on the post-proliferation activity of ISCs to maintain the stability of crypt organoids and the intestinal mucosa, as well as to stimulate the differentiation of ISCs into goblet cells and possibly Paneth cells and enteroendocrine cells. Since GH and Gln have differential effects on ISCs. Their use in combination may have synergistic effects on ISCs. In this review, we summarize the evidence of the actions of GH and/or Gln on crypt cells and ISCs in the literature. Overall, most studies demonstrated that GH and Gln in combination exerted synergistic effects to activate the proliferation of crypt cells and ISCs and enhance crypt organoid formation and mucosal growth. This treatment influenced the proliferation of ISCs to a similar degree as GH treatment alone and the differentiation of ISCs to a similar degree as Gln treatment alone.



2019 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 326-331
Author(s):  
Lucy Zhang ◽  
Chasen J. Greig ◽  
Robert A. Cowles


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1198-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine J. Park ◽  
Sarah J. Armenia ◽  
Lucy Zhang ◽  
Robert A. Cowles


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