Right and left ventricular oxygen metabolism in open-chest dogs

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (5) ◽  
pp. H761-H766 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kusachi ◽  
O. Nishiyama ◽  
K. Yasuhara ◽  
D. Saito ◽  
S. Haraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Open Chest ◽  
O2 Extraction ◽  
Cardiac Veins ◽  
The Right

A comparison of blood flow and myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) in the right and left ventricles was made in 21 open-chest dogs. Simultaneous measurements were made of left anterior descending (LAD) and right coronary arterial blood flow and of O2 saturation in the coronary sinus and in from one to four anterior cardiac veins. Blood flow was greater in the LAD than in the right coronary artery, 87 +/- 5 vs. 46 +/- 3 ml.min-1.100 g-1. Similarly, the O2 saturation was 51 +/- 3% in the anterior cardiac veins and 40 +/- 1% in the coronary sinus. In a subset of seven dogs, the O2 saturation in blood from anterior cardiac veins varied substantially from vein to vein. The mean MVO2 was greater for the left than for the right ventricle, 8.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.3 ml O2.min-1,100 g-1. Increases in LAD flow with no increase in O2 extraction accounted for enhanced MVO2 of the left ventricle due to pacing, isoproterenol, or methoxamine. In contrast, pacing, isoproterenol, or constriction of the pulmonary artery increased MVO2 of the right ventricle by both augmented O2 extraction and a rise in right coronary blood flow. We conclude that right coronary arterial blood flow is lower per 100 g tissue and is less dependent on MVO2 than is LAD blood flow. The heterogeneity of O2 saturation in anterior cardiac veins suggests that regional differences in MVO2 may exist.

Abstract 67: Vasopressin impairs Brain, Heart and Kidney Perfusion in Acute Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Müller ◽  
Ole-Jakob How ◽  
Stig E Hermansen ◽  
Truls Myrmel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
The Brain

Arginin Vasopressin (AVP) is increasingly used to restore mean arterial pressure (MAP) in various circulatory shock states including cardiogenic shock. This is potentially deleterious since AVP is also known to reduce cardiac output by increasing vascular resistance. Aim: We hypothesized that restoring MAP by AVP improves vital organ blood flow in experimental acute cardiac failure. Methods: Cardiac output (CO) and arterial blood flow to the brain, heart, kidney and liver were measured in nine pigs by transit-time flow probes. Heart function and contractility were measured using left ventricular Pressure-Volume catheters. Catheters in central arteries and veins were used for pressure recordings and blood sampling. Left ventricular dysfunction was induced by intermittent coronary occlusions, inducing an 18 % reduction in cardiac output and a drop in MAP from 87 ± 3 to 67 ± 4 mmHg. Results: A low-dose therapeutic infusion of AVP (0.005 u/kg/min) restored MAP but further impaired systemic perfusion (CO and blood flow to the brain, heart and kidney reduced by 29, 18, 23 and 34 %, respectively). The reduced blood flow was due to a 2.0, 2.2, 1.9 and 2.1 fold increase in systemic, brain, heart and kidney specific vascular resistances, respectively. Contractility remained unaffected by AVP. The hypoperfusion induced by AVP was most likely responsible for observed elevated plasma lactate levels and an increased systemic oxygen extraction. Oxygen saturation in blood drawn from the great cardiac vein fell from 31 ± 1 to 22 ± 3 % dropping as low as 10 % in one pig. Finally, these effects were reversed forty minutes after weaning the pigs form the drug. Conclusion: The pronounced reduction in coronary blood flow point to a potentially deleterious effect in postoperative cardiac surgical patients and in patients with coronary heart disease. Also, this is the first study to report a reduced cerebral perfusion by AVP.

Positive inotropic response to inosine in the in situ canine heart

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. H438-H443 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Jones ◽  
J. X. Thomas ◽  
M. D. Devous ◽  
C. P. Norris ◽  
E. E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Inotropic State ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Right

Effects of inosine on left ventricular contractile force, circumflex blood flow, heart rate, and arterial pressure were investigated in mongrel dogs. Infusion of 50 ml of 10, 25, or 50 mM inosine into the right atrium over 5 min produced arterial blood inosine concentrations of 20-120 microM. Infusion of inosine concentrations of 10 mM or greater produced statistically significant increases in contractile force and circumflex blood flow (P less than 0.05). The increases in contractile force and circumflex blood flow caused by 50 inosine were approximately 40% and 110%, respectively. No statistically significant increases in heart rate or arterial pressure were observed during infusion of inosine at any concentration. Administration of propranolol (2 mg/kg) in no way altered the effects of inosine on contractile force or circumflex blood flow. Thus, the present study suggests that inosine in concentrations which may be produced in the myocardium during stressful conditions causes a substantial effect on the inotropic state of the heart and that the effects of inosine are not mediated through adrenergic mechanisms.

Ocular Findings in Infants Treated With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Support

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-564
Author(s):  
Martin C. Patrias ◽  
I. Matthew Rabinowicz ◽  
Michael D. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Congestion ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Ocular Complications ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cerebral Venous Congestion

Eleven infants treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support were examined for ocular complications. Four patients were noted to have retinal and external ocular vascular changes on the left but not on the right. These unilateral findings are believed to be related to right common carotid and internal jugular occlusion. The proposed mechanism involves three factors: cerebral venous congestion, impairment of cerebral and possibly retinal arterial autoregulation, and higher cerebral arterial blood flow on the left compared with the right.

Open chest and open pericardium affect the distribution of myocardial blood flow in the right ventricle

1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schosser ◽  
H. Forst ◽  
J. Racenberg ◽  
K. Messmer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Open Chest ◽  
The Right

Differential arterial blood flow response of splanchnic and renal organs during low-intensity cycling exercise in women

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. H2322-H2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Yamaoka Endo ◽  
Rie Suzuki ◽  
Naomi Nagahata ◽  
Naoyuki Hayashi ◽  
Akira Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Flow Response ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Splenic Vessels

To investigate the regional hemodynamic responses of abdominal arteries at the onset of exercise and to focus on their transient responses, eight female subjects (21–30 yr) performed ergometer cycling exercise at 40 W for 4 min in a semi-supine position. Mean blood velocities (MBVs) in the right renal (RA), superior mesenteric (SMA), and splenic (SA) arteries were measured by pulsed echo-Doppler ultrasonography, with beat-by-beat measurements of heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The vascular resistance index (RI) of each artery was calculated from MBV/MAP. MAP (76 ± 9 to 83 ± 8 mmHg at 4 min) and HR (60 ± 7 to 101 ± 9 beats/min at 4 min) increased during exercise ( P < 0.05). The MBV of RA and SA rapidly decreased after the onset of exercise (30 s; −19 ± 5% and −19 ± 12%, respectively), reaching −27 ± 7% and −27 ± 15% at the end of exercise ( P < 0.05). RI did not change during the initial 30 s of exercise, reflecting a reduction in MAP, and increased toward the end of the exercise (+55 ± 21% and +59 ± 39%, respectively). In contrast, both the MBV and RI in the SMA remained constant throughout the exercise. The results indicate that, whereas the responses of renal and splenic vessels changed similarly throughout the protocol, the vascular response of SMA that mainly supplies blood to the intestinal tract was unchanged during exercise. We, therefore, conclude that low-intensity cycling exercise resulted in differential blood flow responses in arteries supplying the abdominal organs.

Transient analysis of cardiopulmonary interactions. I. Diastolic events

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1506-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peters ◽  
M. K. Kindred ◽  
J. L. Robotham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Aortic Blood Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Run Off ◽  
In Series ◽  
Antegrade Flow

The etiology of the fall in left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) with negative intrathoracic pressure (NITP) during inspiration has been ascribed to a reduction in LV preload. This study evaluated the effects of NITP with and without airway obstruction confined to early (ED), mid- (MD), or late diastole (LD) on the subsequent LVSV, anteroposterior (AP), and right-to-left (RL) aortic diameters (DAO) (series I, n = 6) as well as on phasic arterial blood flow out of the thorax (series II, n = 6) in anesthetized dogs. Transient NITP was obtained by electrocardiogram-triggered phrenic nerve stimulation. In series I, NITP applied for 60% of diastole with the airway obstructed caused decreases of LVSV during ED [-7.7 +/- 3.2% (SE) NS], MD (-11.7 +/- 3.9%, P less than 0.05), and LD (-14.6 +/- 1.5%, P less than 0.01) associated with significant increases of left ventricular end-diastolic pressures relative to both atmospheric and esophageal pressures during MD and LD. NITP increased DAO(AP) and DAO(RL), resulting in increases in diastolic aortic cross-sectional area by an average of 6.1-8.3% (P less than 0.01). Similar changes were seen with the airway unobstructed during NITP. In series II, NITP caused diminished diastolic antegrade carotid artery and/or descending aortic flow run off in all dogs. Transient retrograde arterial flows with NITP were observed in more than half of the animals consistent with increases in aortic diameters. We conclude that a decrease of intrathoracic pressure confined to diastole can 1) diminish the ensuing LVSV, presumptively reducing preload by ventricular interdependence; 2) distend the intrathoracic aorta; 3) diminish antegrade flow out of the thorax independent of effects on cardiac performance; and 4) cause transient retrograde carotid and aortic blood flow. The intrathoracic aorta and, presumably, the arterial intrathoracic vascular compartment can be viewed as an elastic container driven by changes in intrathoracic pressure.

scholarly journals Brief asphyxial state following immediate cord clamping accelerates onset of left-to-right shunting across the ductus arteriosus after birth in preterm lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Smolich ◽  
Kelly R. Kenna ◽  
Michael M. H. Cheung ◽  
Jonathan P. Mynard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Umbilical Cord Clamping ◽  
Left Ventricular Output ◽  
Transition Study

Reversal of shunting across the ductus arteriosus from right-to-left to left-to-right is a characteristic feature of the birth transition. Given that immediate cord clamping (ICC) followed by an asphyxial cord clamp-to-ventilation (CC-V) interval may augment left ventricular (LV) output and central blood flows after birth, we tested the hypothesis that an asphyxial CC-V interval accelerates the onset of postnatal left-to-right ductal shunting. High-fidelity central blood flow signals were obtained in anesthetized preterm lambs (gestation 128 ± 2 days) after ICC followed by a nonasphyxial (∼40 s, n = 9) or asphyxial (∼90 s, n = 9) CC-V interval before mechanical ventilation for 30 min after birth. Left-to-right ductal flow segments were related to aortic isthmus and descending aortic flow profiles to quantify sources of ductal shunting. In the nonasphyxial group, phasic left-to-right ductal shunting was initially minor after birth, but then rose progressively to 437 ± 164 ml/min by 15 min ( P < 0.001). However, in the asphyxial group, this shunting increased from 24 ± 21 to 199 ± 93 ml/min by 15 s after birth ( P < 0.001) and rose further to 471 ± 190 ml/min by 2 min ( P < 0.001). This earlier onset of left-to-right ductal shunting was supported by larger contributions ( P < 0.001) from direct systolic LV flow and retrograde diastolic discharge from an arterial reservoir/windkessel located in the descending aorta and its major branches, and associated with increased pulmonary arterial blood flow having a larger ductal component. These findings suggest that the duration of the CC-V interval after ICC is an important modulator of left-to-right ductal shunting, LV output and pulmonary perfusion at birth. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This birth transition study in preterm lambs demonstrated that a brief (∼90 s) asphyxial interval between umbilical cord clamping and ventilation onset resulted in earlier and greater left-to-right shunting across the ductus arteriosus after birth. This greater shunting 1) resulted from an increased left ventricular output associated with a higher systolic left-to-right ductal flow and increased retrograde diastolic discharge from a lower body arterial reservoir/windkessel, and 2) was accompanied by greater lung perfusion after birth.

Catheter-tip flowmeter for coronary arterial flow in closed-chest dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz P. Pieper
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulsatile Flow ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Closed Chest ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
The Right

The design of a catheter-tip flowmeter for the measurement of coronary arterial blood flow in closed-chest dogs is presented. The miniaturized flowmeter is attached to the tip of a rigid catheter which is inserted through the right carotid artery. The flowmeter is placed in the ascending aorta where it measures the inflow into the left coronary artery. Performance tests show the reliability of the instrument for the measurement of pulsatile flow. pulsatile flow Submitted on February 3, 1964

Significant left ventricular contribution to right ventricular systolic function

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (5) ◽  
pp. H1514-H1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Damiano ◽  
P. La Follette ◽  
J. L. Cox ◽  
J. E. Lowe ◽  
W. P. Santamore
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Ventricular Free Wall ◽  
Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Right Ventricular Free Wall ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right

To examine the importance of systolic ventricular interdependence on right ventricular function, we used a unique electrically isolated right ventricular free wall preparation. Double-peaked waveforms for right ventricular pressure and pulmonary arterial blood flow occurred over a wide range of pacing intervals between the left and right ventricles. One component of the waveforms could be directly related to right ventricular free wall contraction, whereas the other component was directly related to left ventricular and septal contraction. For left ventricular pressure, the left ventricular component was significantly larger than the right ventricular free wall component (92.7 +/- 3.2 vs. 7.3 +/- 3.2% peak-to-peak value, P less than 0.01). For right ventricular pressure, the left ventricular and septal component was significantly greater than the right ventricular component (63.5 +/- 10.9 vs. 36.5 +/- 10.9% peak-to-peak value, P less than 0.05). Similarly, for pulmonary arterial blood flow, the left ventricular component was significantly greater than the right ventricular component. When right ventricular free wall pacing stopped in diastole, 68 +/- 4% of right ventricular systolic pressure and 80 +/- 4% of pulmonary flow were obtained in the subsequent beat. The results of this study indicate that left ventricular contraction is very important for right ventricular developed pressure and volume outflow.

scholarly journals P235 A happy ending for a dancing thrombus on the right atrium

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ferreira ◽  
A Freitas ◽  
R Gomes ◽  
D Faria ◽  
M Beringuilho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Happy Ending ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Right

Abstract A 62-year-old male, was admitted in the emergency department with chest discomfort and dyspnea for the last 2 days; he also referred pain on the right leg. He had been submitted to prostatic surgery 1 month before and since then he reduced is usual physical activity. At admission he was normotensive, with sinus tachycardia, with elevated D-Dimers and hypoxemia and hypocapnia on arterial blood gas analysis. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was performed and it showed dilation of right ventricle with diastolic left ventricular "D-shape" compatible with right ventricle pressure overload. Furthermore, it was visible a large and filiform thrombus on the right atrium, causing procidency into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve during diastole (image top-left and top-right). Patient was hemodynamically stable at that time, and the case was promptly discussed with cardiothoracic surgery. The decision was to adopt a conservative strategy, and non-fractioned heparin (NFH) perfusion was initiated accordingly to local protocol. Patient remained hemodynamically stable, and, after 24h of treatment with NFH echocardiographic re-evaluation showed disappearance of the thrombus previously seen of the right chambers (image bottom-left). Angio-TC scan of thorax performed at that time showed extensive bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism, but with normal perfusion of the pulmonary artery trunk and both right and left pulmonary arteries. After 48h of NFH the patient started oral anticoagulation. The rest of the admission was unremarkable apart from a respiratory tract infection successfully treated with piperacillin-tazobactam. Pre-discharge TTE performed 12 days after admission showed no dilation of the right ventricle, with normal systolic function (image bottom-right), as well as no evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Discussion Large right atrial thrombus in the setting of PTE is a clinical situation in which there is no consensus regarding clinical management. In most cases, management is dictated by haemodynamic status of the patient. In the setting of a hemodynamically stable patient, systemic anticoagulation can be an option. Surgery, fibrinolysis and percutaneous aspiration have also been advocated. Successful treatment of right heart thrombus with anticoagulation alone has been reported, but there are also reports of unsuccess with that strategy. This is a case of a successful treatment with anticoagulation alone and so, we currently consider that the choice of treatment strategy based on hemodynamic status continues to be the wisest strategy to adopt. Abstract P235 Figure. Thrombus before and after

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