Effects of chronic cigarette smoking on canine arteries

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (1) ◽  
pp. H97-H103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Cox ◽  
T. Tulenko ◽  
W. P. Santamore
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Passive Stiffness ◽  
Active Force ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Arterial Wall Mechanics ◽  
Dose Responses

Segments of carotid and femoral arteries were obtained from beagles subjected to cigarette smoking (12/day for 2 yr) and from unexposed controls. The segments were used for in vitro studies of active and passive mechanics, dose responses to norepinephrine (NE) and K+, connective tissue content, and water and electrolyte content and distribution. No significant differences in passive arterial wall mechanics or geometry at 100 mmHg were found, but a small (significant) increase in passive stiffness was found at wall loads corresponding to higher values of pressure for arteries from smokers. No significant changes in connective tissue composition were found at either site. No significant differences in maximum active force development were found at either site between the two groups. However, values of active force near the middle of the active force-length curve were lower (P less than 0.05) for smoker's arteries when expressed as a fraction of the maximum developed force. No differences in cell volume were found in arteries from the two groups. Mg2+ and K+ content of the femoral and Ca2+ content of both arteries were greater in the smokers. No difference in NE dose-response relations were found for either site. A statistically significant decrease in responsiveness to K+ was found for femoral arteries from smokers, but not for the carotids. The results of these studies demonstrate that some significant changes in arterial wall properties occur in beagle dogs exposed to chronic cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Experimental cerebral vasospasm arterial wall mechanics and connective tissue composition.

Stroke ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nagasawa ◽  
H Handa ◽  
Y Naruo ◽  
K Moritake ◽  
K Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Arterial Wall Mechanics

Effect of muscle length on the in vitro comparison of femoral arteries before and after endotoxin shock

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. H1160-H1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zhou ◽  
J. M. Price ◽  
E. T. Sutton ◽  
C. H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Endotoxin Shock ◽  
Active Tension ◽  
Passive Stiffness ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Resting Tension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tension Experiments

Control and endotoxin-treated femoral arteries were compared in vitro for the effect of muscle length. Rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital, and endotoxin (6 mg/kg) was infused for 1 h. A control ring before endotoxin treatment and a ring after endotoxin treatment (blood pressure = 40 mmHg) were excised from the contralateral artery for length-tension and dose-response experiments with phenylephrine. The initial length for resting tension (Li) was shorter for endotoxic rings (1.23 +/- 0.01 vs. 1.41 +/- 0.02 mm in control), but the length of maximum active tension (Lmax) was the same. In length-tension experiments the values for active tension (6.36 +/- 0.61 vs. 4.06 +/- 0.60 x 10(3) dyn/cm), preload at Lmax (1,333 +/- 204 vs. 733 +/- 146 mg), and passive stiffness were increased after endotoxin. In dose-response experiments at the same preload, the endotoxic rings had a lower active tension (3.28 +/- 0.28 vs. 6.55 +/- 0.27 x 10(3) dyn/cm) but the same sensitivity. At Lmax, active tension (12.45 +/- 0.48 vs. 5.01 +/- 0.89 x 10(3) dyn/cm in control vessels) and sensitivity (half-maximum effective dose = 0.68 +/- 0.8 x 10(-6) vs. 1.39 +/- 0.29 x 10(-6) M in control vessels) were greater for endotoxic rings. These experiments show that phenylephrine sensitivity and active tension in the rat femoral artery are increased by endotoxin shock, and the importance of muscle length is implied.

Comparison of arterial wall mechanics using ring and cylindrical segments

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. H298-H303 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Active Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iliac Arteries ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Arterial Wall Mechanics ◽  
Length Data ◽  
Passive Mechanics

Thin rings and intact cylindrical segments of canine carotid and iliac arteries were used to determine wall mechanics. Measurements of force and length were obtained from the ring segments, whereas measurements of pressure and diameter were obtained from the cylindrical segments under conditions of active (147 mM K+) and passive smooth muscle (Ca2+ free and 2 mM ethyleneglycolbis (beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid). These measurements were normalized to values of segment stress and strain. Under passive conditions stress-strain relations for the rings appeared to be stiffer than those obtained using cylindrical segments. Pressure-diameter curves computed using force-length data from the rings were shifted to higher values of diameter compared with values from the intact segments at all pressure levels. Passive mechanics derived from measurements on ring segments yielded poor estimates of mechanics derived from intact segments. Despite this finding, values of active force development from the two sample geometries were similar. No statistically significant differences were found in values of maximum force development expressed in terms of sample cross-sectional area. Some differences in values of active force development at low values of muscle length were found. The latter were probably related to the differences in passive mechanics and the procedure used to normalize muscle length. Reasonable values of active force development can be obtained from ring segments.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Paradoxical Arterial Wall Shrinkage May Contribute to Luminal Narrowing of Human Atherosclerotic Femoral Arteries

Circulation ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1444-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Pasterkamp ◽  
Peter J. W. Wensing ◽  
Mark J. Post ◽  
Berend Hillen ◽  
Willem P. T. M. Mali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Luminal Narrowing

scholarly journals Antimalarial drugs—are they beneficial in rheumatic and viral diseases?—considerations in COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogna Grygiel-Górniak
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Complications

AbstractThe majority of the medical fraternity is continuously involved in finding new therapeutic schemes, including antimalarial medications (AMDs), which can be useful in combating the 2019-nCoV: coronavirus disease (COVID-19). For many decades, AMDs have been widely used in the treatment of malaria and various other anti-inflammatory diseases, particularly to treat autoimmune disorders of the connective tissue. The review comprises in vitro and in vivo studies, original studies, clinical trials, and consensus reports for the analysis, which were available in medical databases (e.g., PubMed). This manuscript summarizes the current knowledge about chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and shows the difference between their use, activity, recommendation, doses, and adverse effects on two groups of patients: those with rheumatic and viral diseases (including COVID-19). In the case of connective tissue disorders, AMDs are prescribed for a prolonged duration in small doses, and their effect is observed after few weeks, whereas in the case of viral infections, they are prescribed in larger doses for a short duration to achieve a quick saturation effect. In rheumatic diseases, AMDs are well tolerated, and their side effects are rare. However, in some viral diseases, the effect of AMDs is questionable or not so noticeable as suggested during the initial prognosis. They are mainly used as an additive therapy to antiviral drugs, but recent studies have shown that AMDs can diminish the efficacy of some antiviral drugs and may cause respiratory, kidney, liver, and cardiac complications.

Insulin-induced endothelin release and vasoreactivity in hypertriglyceridemic and hypertensive rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. H399-H404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Nava ◽  
Verónica Guarner ◽  
Rosalinda Posadas ◽  
Israel Pérez ◽  
Guadalupe Baños
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Insulin-elicited endothelin release in hypertriglyceridemic, hypertensive, hyperinsulinemic (HTG) rats was shown. Weanling male Wistar rats were given 30% sucrose in their drinking water for 20–24 wk. In vitro contractions of aorta and femoral arteries were elicited with 40 mM KCl. Endothelin release induced with KCl plus 50 μU/ml insulin resulted in increases in contractile responses: 41 ± 5.9 and 57 ± 6% for control and 65.5 ± 6 and 95 ± 9% for HTG aortas and femoral arteries, respectively. The endothelin ETB-receptor blocker BQ-788 decreased responses to KCl + insulin by 39 ± 8 and 53 ± 5% in control and 48 ± 13 and 79 ± 3.5% in HTG aortas and femoral arteries, respectively. The ETA-receptor antagonist PD-151242 inhibited these responses by 12 ± 10 and 1 ± 9% in control and by 51.5 ± 9 and 58.5 ± 1% in HTG aortas and femoral arteries, respectively. These results suggest that endothelin may contribute to the hypertension in this model.

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