Neurohumoral changes during onset and offset of ovine heart failure: role of ANP

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (4) ◽  
pp. H1052-H1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Fitzpatrick ◽  
M. G. Nicholls ◽  
E. A. Espiner ◽  
H. Ikram ◽  
P. Bagshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Major Increase ◽  
Left Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Relationship Of

The temporal relationship of changes in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion to other pathophysiological changes in heart failure has not been investigated. We studied the hemodynamic, hormonal, and metabolic changes before, during, and after the induction of heart failure in eight sheep using a 14-day period of rapid left ventricular pacing (LVP). Arterial pressure declined 21% on the first day, while cardiac output fell progressively to 48% of base line, and atrial pressures rose to a plateau over the first week. Plasma ANP levels increased 10-fold with a close correlation to left atrial pressure in all sheep. Furthermore, ANP secretion appeared to be sustained throughout the LVP period but did not prevent avid sodium retention. Marked and early activation of the renin-angiotensin system was observed, whereas the major increase in plasma aldosterone commenced 4 days later. On termination of LVP, a prompt natriuresis and diuresis occurred with return of all parameters toward base line. Thus this ovine model is useful for studying pathophysiological changes during the onset and offset of heart failure.

scholarly journals Renin‐Angiotensin System Blockade in Aortic Stenosis: Implications Before and After Aortic Valve Replacement

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin S. Goel ◽  
Neal S. Kleiman ◽  
William A. Zoghbi ◽  
Michael J. Reardon ◽  
Samir R. Kapadia
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Ras Inhibition ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common valvular heart disease in the aging population that is characterized by a variable period of asymptomatic phase before development of symptoms and severe AS. Mortality and morbidity is substantial even after aortic valve replacement, in part related to persistent left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and heart failure. Renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) blockade therapy is associated with modulation of adverse left ventricular remodeling, reduction in myocardial hypertrophy, and fibrosis, resulting in clinical improvements in patients with congestive heart failure There are emerging data to suggest benefit of RAS blockade in patients with AS before and after AVR with regard to potentially slower progression of aortic valve calcification, left ventricular mass and survival benefit in favor of RAS blockade group before AVR, and also survival benefit in patients after AVR. We review the available data to understand the role of RAS blockade before AVR and in patients undergoing surgical AVR and transcatheter AVR. There are significant survival advantages of RAS inhibition in patients with AS undergoing surgical AVR or transcatheter AVR. On the basis of existing literature, adequately powered randomized trials are needed to evaluate the role of RAS inhibition in patients with AS.

The role of local and systemic renin angiotensin system activation in a genetic model of sympathetic hyperactivity-induced heart failure in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. R26-R32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. B. Ferreira ◽  
A. V. Bacurau ◽  
F. S. Evangelista ◽  
M. A. Coelho ◽  
E. M. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Ras Activation

Sympathetic hyperactivity (SH) and renin angiotensin system (RAS) activation are commonly associated with heart failure (HF), even though the relative contribution of these factors to the cardiac derangement is less understood. The role of SH on RAS components and its consequences for the HF were investigated in mice lacking α2A and α2C adrenoceptor knockout (α2A/α2CARKO) that present SH with evidence of HF by 7 mo of age. Cardiac and systemic RAS components and plasma norepinephrine (PN) levels were evaluated in male adult mice at 3 and 7 mo of age. In addition, cardiac morphometric analysis, collagen content, exercise tolerance, and hemodynamic assessments were made. At 3 mo, α2A/α2CARKO mice showed no signs of HF, while displaying elevated PN, activation of local and systemic RAS components, and increased cardiomyocyte width (16%) compared with wild-type mice (WT). In contrast, at 7 mo, α2A/α2CARKO mice presented clear signs of HF accompanied only by cardiac activation of angiotensinogen and ANG II levels and increased collagen content (twofold). Consistent with this local activation of RAS, 8 wk of ANG II AT1 receptor blocker treatment restored cardiac structure and function comparable to the WT. Collectively, these data provide direct evidence that cardiac RAS activation plays a major role underlying the structural and functional abnormalities associated with a genetic SH-induced HF in mice.

Role of the Cardiac Renin-Angiotensin System in Human Heart Failure

1995 ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Paul ◽  
Philippe Stock ◽  
Matthias Langheinrich ◽  
Lutz Liefeldt ◽  
Gilbert Schönfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Human Heart Failure ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin
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