Active renin and renin glycoform dynamics in the carotid artery

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. H184-H191
Author(s):  
S. A. Katz ◽  
J. A. Opsahl ◽  
L. M. Forbis ◽  
W. Ayenew
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Bilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Carotid Wall ◽  
Renal Origin

Active renin and five major active renin glycoforms were measured in plasma and the carotid wall of anesthetized rabbits before and after 1.5- and 24-h bilateral nephrectomy (BNX). Before BNX, there was no difference in renin glycoform proportions between plasma and the carotid wall. Plasma renin concentration (PRC) fell by 67% after 1.5-h BNX due to preferential clearance of renin glycoforms I+II, but no significant change in renin concentration was seen in the carotid artery (or aorta). Twenty-four hours after BNX, PRC and carotid wall renin concentrations were reduced by 99.7 and 97.7%, respectively, while the proportion of renin glycoforms I+II in the carotid wall was significantly elevated. These data are consistent with the view that vascular renin is derived from plasma renin of renal origin. After BNX, renin disappearance from the carotid (and aortic wall) is slower than renin decay from plasma, and the less negatively charged active renin glycoforms I+II exit the carotid wall much more slowly than the more negatively charged glycoforms. After 24-h BNX, renin glycoforms I+II were still effluxing from the vascular wall and represented the only glycoforms present in the carotid wall.

SERIAL ESTIMATION OF PLASMA RENIN CONCENTRATION DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER PARTURITION

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BROWN ◽  
D. L. DAVIES ◽  
P. B. DOAK ◽  
A. F. LEVER ◽  
J. I. S. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY Plasma renin concentration has been measured in normal women at intervals throughout pregnancy. Further measurements have been made in the days and hours before and after delivery of the foetus and placenta. Plasma renin was consistently raised in the majority of pregnant women and did not change markedly until 24 hr. or more after delivery. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Changes in Blood Pressure in Relation to Vascular and Plasma Renin after Renin Injection in Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 153s-156s ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Loudon ◽  
R. F. Bing ◽  
J. D. Swales ◽  
H. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Bilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Antagonist ◽  
Renal Origin

1. To assess the relative importance of vascular as opposed to plasma renin, groups of conscious rats received a single intravenous injection of partially purified rat renin 18 h after bilateral nephrectomy. Blood pressure was monitored continuously and plasma and aortic renin concentrations were determined at 1, 3, 6 or 9 h after injection. In separate groups of rats the effect of the competitive angiotensin II antagonist, saralasin, on blood pressure was measured 3 or 6 h after renin injection. 2. Blood pressure remained elevated for up to 6 h after renin injection, returning to normal by 9 h. Saralasin infusion reversed the rise in blood pressure at both 3 and 6 h after injection. 3. Aortic renin concentration followed the pattern of the pressor response whereas plasma renin concentration had returned to subnormal values by 3 h. 4. Circulating renin of renal origin is taken up by aortic tissue. The pressor response to exogenous renin in rats after bilateral nephrectomy is not related to changes in plasma renin but is similar in duration to the persistence of aortic renin-like activity and can be blocked by saralasin at both 3 and 6 h after injection.

Stimulation of Active Renin Release in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancy

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Brown ◽  
Vivienne C. Zammit ◽  
Delma Adsett
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Active Plasma ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Renin Substrate ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
Induced Hypertension

1. Active plasma renin concentration but not total renin concentration is reduced in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension compared with normotensive pregnant women. This study was conducted to determine whether women with pregnancy-induced hypertension are able to stimulate release of active renin. 2. Active plasma renin concentration was measured as the generation of angiotensin I at physiological pH in the presence of excess renin substrate, and total renin concentration was determined in the same way after trypsin activation. Inactive plasma renin concentration was calculated as the difference between total renin and active plasma renin concentrations. 3. Resting active plasma renin concentration was significantly greater in third-trimester primigravidae compared with normotensive non-pregnant women and active plasma renin and total renin concentrations rose significantly without a fall in inactive plasma renin concentration in both groups after 2 h ambulation, suggesting increased release of active plasma renin and not conversion of circulating inactive to active renin. These responses were blunted in women taking oral contraceptives. 4. Although the active plasma renin concentration was significantly reduced in third-trimester primigravidae with pregnancy-induced hypertension, total renin concentration was not significantly different compared with normotensive women of similar gestation and in both groups 30 min 60° head-up tilt increased active but not inactive plasma renin concentration. 5. These studies show that in normal pregnancy active plasma renin concentration can be stimulated to a similar extent as in non-pregnant women, despite a higher resting level. This appears to be due to increased secretion of active plasma renin rather than conversion of circulating inactive to active renin. Women with pregnancy-induced hypertension are also still able to stimulate secretion of active renin despite resting concentrations similar to those of non-pregnant women. These data suggest that in pregnancy-induced hypertension basal secretion of active renin is prematurely reset to that in the non-pregnant state but that secretion of active renin responds normally to posture.

scholarly journals Possible mechanisms of renal denervation long-term cardiac effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-432
Author(s):  
I. V. Zyubanova ◽  
V. F. Mordovin ◽  
S. E. Pekarskiy ◽  
T. M. Ripp ◽  
A. Yu. Falkovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
The Difference

Background. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role in target organ damage in arterial hypertension (HTN), initiating the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), as well as the heart and vascular wall fibrosis and remodeling. In addition, one of the mechanisms of the cardiovascular disease progression is the angiotensin II-induced inflammation.Objective. To study the changes in renin, aldosterone and high-sensitive C‑reactive protein (CRP) levels two years after sympathetic renal denervation (RDN), to compare these changes with antihypertensive efficacy of the intervention and LVH regression.Design and methods. We included 77 patients with drug-resistant hypertension in the absence of contraindications to renal denervation. All patients underwent renal radiofrequency ablation. The active renin, aldosterone and a high-sensitive CRP concentrations assessment, 24‑hour blood pressure (BP) measurement and echocardiography were performed before, at 6 months, one and two years after the intervention.Results. There was a gradual decrease in CRP levels (the difference was significant after 6 months), aldosterone (significant two years after surgical treatment), and active renin (the difference was the most pronounced after one year). At all follow-up assessments, plasma renin activity correlated with left ventricular mass. At the same time, there were no significant differences between responders and non-responders.Conclusions. RDN leads to a RAAS activity attenuation, manifested by the decrease in both renin and aldosterone and CRP, probably due to angiotensin II proinflammatory effects reduction. Given these effects are long-term, correlate with LVH degree and unrelated to the BP lowering, a direct cardioprotective effect of renal denervation should be considered.

Effects of aging on human plasma renin: simultaneous multiple assays of enzyme activity and immunoactivity of plasma renin

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitsuo Higaki ◽  
Ryuichi Morishita ◽  
Toshio Ogihara ◽  
Masaru Nishiura
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Renin Content

Abstract. The effects of aging on plasma renin in normotensive volunteers were evaluated by conventional indirect RIA of angiotensin I and a newly developed direct RIA. Plasma renin activity and the plasma concentration of active renin measured by radiometric assay with monoclonal antibody were significantly lower in 14 subjects over 60 years than in 15 subjects under 60 years (plasma renin activity: 0.5 ± 0.1 vs 1.7 ± 0.4 nmol · 1−1 · h−1, P< 0.01; plasma active renin: 0.50 ± 0.05 vs 0.87 ± 0.13 pmol/l, P< 0.01, means ± sem), wheres neither the total renin activity nor the total plasma renin concentration measured by the newly developed immunometric assay were different in the two groups. In another study, the plasma renin concentration, total renin concentration and immunoreactive total renin concentration measured by direct RIA with polyclonal antibody were determined in 17 young (<60 years) and 12 elderly (≧60 years) subjects. Plasma renin concentration was significantly lower in the elderly subjects (1.7 ± 0.2 nmol · 1−1 · h−1) than in young subjects (3.4 ± 0.7 nmol · 1−1 · h−1, P< 0.05), but the total renin concentration and immunoreactive total renin concentrations in the two groups were not significantly different. These results indicate that the total renin content of the plasma does not change, whereas the active renin content decreases with age in normal subjects, and suggest that activation of prorenin to active renin may be impaired in elderly subjects.

The Basal Levels of Active and Inactive Plasma Renin Concentration in Infancy and Childhood

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fiselier ◽  
F. Derkx ◽  
L. Monnens ◽  
P. Van Munster ◽  
P. Peer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Inactive Renin

1. Basal plasma renin activity, active and inactive plasma renin concentration were measured in 89 healthy recumbent children aged between 1 week and 16 years. 2. A significant (P<0.001) age-related decrease for active (r = −0.60), inactive (r = −0.59) and total renin concentration (r = −0.66) was observed. 3. After correction for the influence of age, active renin concentration correlated with plasma renin activity (r = 0.81), but not with inactive renin concentration (r = 0.18). 4. The proportions of active and inactive renin were not related to age, and the overall percentage of inactive renin was 79%.

Effects of carbenoxolone on flow-mediated vasodilatation in healthy adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (3) ◽  
pp. H1166-H1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ren Lan ◽  
Charles Jia-Yin Hou ◽  
Chih-Hsuan Yen ◽  
Bing-Fu Shih ◽  
An-Mei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Gap Junctional Communication ◽  
Junctional Communication ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gap Junctional ◽  
Healthy Persons

Gap junctions play a key role in maintaining the functional integrity of the vascular wall. Using carbenoxolone (CBX) as a gap junction blocker, we aimed to assess the contribution of gap junctions in the vascular wall to flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) in healthy adults. Percentage FMD (%FMD) and circulating vasoactive molecules/activity, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), aldosterone, cortisol, plasma renin activity (PRA), and endothelin (ET-1), were measured in 25 healthy volunteers (mean age: 30.1 ± 5.4 yr; 14 males) before and after oral administration of CBX (100 mg). %FMD decreased after ingestion of CBX (9.71 ± 3.1 vs. 3.40 ± 2.0%; P < 0.0001). The levels of ANP, BNP, cortisol, and ET-1 remained stationary, while both PRA and aldosterone decreased ( P < 0.005) after CBX ingestion. Blood pressure and heart rate were minimally changed by CBX. Inhibition of gap junctional communication by CBX impairs FMD in healthy persons, suggesting that physiologically, vascular gap junctions participate in the maintenance of FMD. CBX does not induce the release of vasoconstricting molecules or enhance vasoconstriction, suggesting that inhibition of gap junctional communication by CBX underlies the impairment of FMD. Therefore, administering CBX in FMD examination can be a way to follow the effect of gap junctions on endothelial function, but further work remains to verify the specificity of CBX effect.

Effects of frusemide and captopril on the relationship between biologically and immunologically active renin in human plasma

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitsuo Higaki ◽  
Toshio Ogihara ◽  
Yuichi Kumahara
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
Human Renin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Active Renin ◽  
Calibration Study ◽  
Cross Calibration

1. The plasma renin concentration (PRC) and active renin concentration determined by radioimmunometric assay (ARC) were measured before and after administration of frusemide or captopril to normal volunteers. 2. Injection of 40 mg of frusemide followed by 1 h in the upright position significantly increased both PRC (P < 0.001) and ARC (P < 0.001). Oral administration of 50 mg of captopril also increased PRC (P < 0.05) and ARC (P < 0.05). 3. ARC and PRC were linearly correlated in the basal supine position [y = 0.635 x − 0.048 (y = PRC, x = ARC), r = 0.958, P < 0.001], after frusemide injection and standing (y = 0.800x + 0.359, r = 0.793,P < 0.02) and after captopril administration in the supine position (y = 0.938x − 0.555, r = 0.998,P < 0.001). 4. A cross-calibration study in which pure human renin was added to pooled plasma and PRC and ARC were measured showed linearity between the values obtained by the two methods. 5. The regression line for values of PRC and ARC in the supine position after captopril administration had a significantly greater slope (P < 0.001) and that for values after frusemide injection and standing was significantly elevated (P < 0.001) compared with the regression line for basal values in the supine position. 6. These results show that the biological activity of renin may be increased by various acute stimulations of renin to inappropriately high levels compared with the immunological activity. This implies that the mode of processing of human plasma renin may be altered by acute stimulation of renin. Furthermore, current methods for assay of plasma active renin may give erroneous values in various pathophysiological conditions.

DISAPPEARANCE OF ENDOGENOUS RENIN FROM THE CIRCULATION AFTER NEPHRECTOMY IN PREVIOUSLY HEPATECTOMIZED OR COLONECTOMIZED DOGS

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. AMERY ◽  
E. EYSKENS ◽  
H. DELOOZ ◽  
R. FAGARD
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Time Zero ◽  
The Moment

SUMMARY The changes in plasma renin concentration (PRC) were studied in dogs after hepatectomy and bilateral nephrectomy, and after colonectomy and bilateral nephrectomy in a control group of animals. In the colonectomized dogs the PRC averaged 9·4 ± 4·2 units/l at the moment of the removal of the second kidney (time zero) and decreased to 44% of this value in the sample withdrawn 15 min later, and to 20·6% after 1 h. In the hepatectomized dogs the PRC averaged 44·3 ± 29·2 units/l at time zero and decreased to 70·6% of this value within 15 min, and to 30·3% after 1 h. The results showed that the dogs without a liver were still able to remove renin from the circulation, suggesting that other mechanisms of renin clearance were operative.

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