NORMAL HUMAN ARTERIAL OXYGEN SATURATION DETERMINED BY EQUILIBRATION WITH 100 PER CENT O2 IN VIVO AND BY THE OXIMETER

1948 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius H. Comroe ◽  
Patricia Walker
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Normal Human

scholarly journals Peripheral microcirculatory alterations are associated with the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients admitted to intermediate respiratory and intensive care units

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Mesquida ◽  
A. Caballer ◽  
L. Cortese ◽  
C. Vila ◽  
U. Karadeniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation

Abstract Background COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease; however, there is also evidence that it causes endothelial damage in the microvasculature of several organs. The aim of the present study is to characterize in vivo the microvascular reactivity in peripheral skeletal muscle of severe COVID-19 patients. Methods This is a prospective observational study carried out in Spain, Mexico and Brazil. Healthy subjects and severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the intermediate respiratory (IRCU) and intensive care units (ICU) due to hypoxemia were studied. Local tissue/blood oxygen saturation (StO2) and local hemoglobin concentration (THC) were non-invasively measured on the forearm by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A vascular occlusion test (VOT), a three-minute induced ischemia, was performed in order to obtain dynamic StO2 parameters: deoxygenation rate (DeO2), reoxygenation rate (ReO2), and hyperemic response (HAUC). In COVID-19 patients, the severity of ARDS was evaluated by the ratio between peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) (SF ratio). Results Healthy controls (32) and COVID-19 patients (73) were studied. Baseline StO2 and THC did not differ between the two groups. Dynamic VOT-derived parameters were significantly impaired in COVID-19 patients showing lower metabolic rate (DeO2) and diminished endothelial reactivity. At enrollment, most COVID-19 patients were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) (53%) or high-flow nasal cannula support (32%). Patients on MV were also receiving sedative agents (100%) and vasopressors (29%). Baseline StO2 and DeO2 negatively correlated with SF ratio, while ReO2 showed a positive correlation with SF ratio. There were significant differences in baseline StO2 and ReO2 among the different ARDS groups according to SF ratio, but not among different respiratory support therapies. Conclusion Patients with severe COVID-19 show systemic microcirculatory alterations suggestive of endothelial dysfunction, and these alterations are associated with the severity of ARDS. Further evaluation is needed to determine whether these observations have prognostic implications. These results represent interim findings of the ongoing HEMOCOVID-19 trial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04689477. Retrospectively registered 30 December 2020.

Continuous monitoring of jugular venous oxygen saturation in head-injured patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sheinberg ◽  
Malcolm J. Kanter ◽  
Claudia S. Robertson ◽  
Charles F. Contant ◽  
Raj K. Narayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Jugular Venous Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Venous Oxygen Saturation

✓ The continuous measurement of jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2) with a fiberoptic catheter is evaluated as a method of detecting cerebral ischemia after head injury. Forty-five patients admitted to the hospital in coma after severe head injury had continuous and simultaneous monitoring of SjvO2, intracranial pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and end-tidal CO2. Cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen and lactate, arterial and jugular venous blood gas levels, and hemoglobin concentration were measured every 8 hours for 1 to 11 days. Whenever SjvO2 dropped to less than 50%, a standardized protocol was followed to confirm the validity of the desaturation and to establish its cause. Correlation of SjvO2 values obtained by catheter and with direct measurement of O2 saturation by a co-oximeter on venous blood withdrawn through the catheter was excellent after in vivo calibration when there was adequate light intensity at the catheter tip (176 measurements: r = 0.87, p < 0.01). A total of 60 episodes of jugular venous oxygen desaturation occurred in 45 patients. In 20 patients the desaturation value was confirmed by the co-oximeter. There were 33 episodes of desaturation in these 20 patients, due to the following causes: intracranial hypertension in 12 episodes, hypocarbia in 10, arterial hypoxia in six, combinations of the above in three, systemic hypotension in one, and cerebral vasospasm in one. The incidence of jugular venous oxygen desaturations found in this study suggests that continuous monitoring of SjvO2 may be of clinical value in patients with head injury.

scholarly journals Accuracy of two pulse-oximetry measurements for INTELLiVENT-ASV in mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinshu Katayama ◽  
Jun Shima ◽  
Ken Tonai ◽  
Kansuke Koyama ◽  
Shin Nunomiya
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated Patients ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Ventilated Patients

AbstractRecently, maintaining a certain oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) range in mechanically ventilated patients was recommended; attaching the INTELLiVENT-ASV to ventilators might be beneficial. We evaluated the SpO2 measurement accuracy of a Nihon Kohden and a Masimo monitor compared to actual arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). SpO2 was simultaneously measured by a Nihon Kohden and Masimo monitor in patients consecutively admitted to a general intensive care unit and mechanically ventilated. Bland–Altman plots were used to compare measured SpO2 with actual SaO2. One hundred mechanically ventilated patients and 1497 arterial blood gas results were reviewed. Mean SaO2 values, Nihon Kohden SpO2 measurements, and Masimo SpO2 measurements were 95.7%, 96.4%, and 96.9%, respectively. The Nihon Kohden SpO2 measurements were less biased than Masimo measurements; their precision was not significantly different. Nihon Kohden and Masimo SpO2 measurements were not significantly different in the “SaO2 < 94%” group (P = 0.083). In the “94% ≤ SaO2 < 98%” and “SaO2 ≥ 98%” groups, there were significant differences between the Nihon Kohden and Masimo SpO2 measurements (P < 0.0001; P = 0.006; respectively). Therefore, when using automatically controlling oxygenation with INTELLiVENT-ASV in mechanically ventilated patients, the Nihon Kohden SpO2 sensor is preferable.Trial registration UMIN000027671. Registered 7 June 2017.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SHOCK

1944 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Engel ◽  
Helen C. Harrison ◽  
C. N. H. Long
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Arterial Blood

1. In a series of rats subjected to hemorrhage and shock a high negative correlation was found between the portal and peripheral venous oxygen saturations and the arterial blood pressure on the one hand, and the blood amino nitrogen levels on the other, and a high positive correlation between the portal and the peripheral oxygen saturations and between each of these and the blood pressure. 2. In five cats subjected to hemorrhage and shock the rise in plasma amino nitrogen and the fall in peripheral and portal venous oxygen saturations were confirmed. Further it was shown that the hepatic vein oxygen saturation falls early in shock while the arterial oxygen saturation showed no alteration except terminally, when it may fall also. 3. Ligation of the hepatic artery in rats did not affect the liver's ability to deaminate amino acids. Hemorrhage in a series of hepatic artery ligated rats did not produce any greater rise in the blood amino nitrogen than a similar hemorrhage in normal rats. The hepatic artery probably cannot compensate to any degree for the decrease in portal blood flow in shock. 4. An operation was devised whereby the viscera and portal circulation of the rat were eliminated and the liver maintained only on its arterial circulation. The ability of such a liver to metabolize amino acids was found to be less than either the normal or the hepatic artery ligated liver and to have very little reserve. 5. On complete occlusion of the circulation to the rat liver this organ was found to resist anoxia up to 45 minutes. With further anoxia irreversible damage to this organ's ability to handle amino acids occurred. 6. It is concluded that the blood amino nitrogen rise during shock results from an increased breakdown of protein in the peripheral tissues, the products of which accumulate either because they do not circulate through the liver at a sufficiently rapid rate or because with continued anoxia intrinsic damage may occur to the hepatic parenchyma so that it cannot dispose of amino acids.

Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Posture in Acute Stroke

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIMMY ELIZABETH ◽  
JOSEPH SINGARAYAR ◽  
JOHN ELLUL ◽  
DAVID BARER ◽  
MICHAEL LYE
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen

scholarly journals Rapid Clinical and Radiological Improvement in a Patient with Severe COVID-19 Infection Treated with Convalescent Plasma

Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Stephen Malnick ◽  
Waleed Ghannam ◽  
Adam Abu Sharb ◽  
Pavel Alin
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Breathing Room

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 100 million people worldwide. One of the major presentations is pneumonia. Patients are classified as severe when they have an arterial oxygen saturation of less than 94% on breathing room air. We present a case of a healthy 29-year-old man who had severe COVID-19 pneumonia and responded dramatically to two doses of convalescent plasma. This case underlines the importance of administering the plasma in the first few days of the disease.

Effect of subcutaneous arterial pulsation on determination of cerebral arterial oxygen saturation using NIRS

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph J. F. Houston ◽  
Jan Menssen ◽  
Marco C. van der Sluijs ◽  
Willy N. Colier ◽  
Berend Oeseburg
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Pulsation
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