Sympathetic Control of the Circulation in the Hind Leg of the Dog

Experiments were undertaken to test the effects of ablation or stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic nerves upon the circulation of the skin and skeletal muscle in the hind leg of the dog. Insulation of the skin was abolished by wetting the fur. Insulation of the muscles was abolished by incising and reflecting the skin which covered the part to be studied. As indices of circulation, the temperatures of skin and muscle were recorded by means of thermocouples, and the tensions of oxygen in skin and muscle were recorded as measured by the polarograph. Most of the experiments were conducted in a room in which temperature and humidity were controlled. After chronic sympathetic denervation, the temperature and oxygen tension of skeletal muscle were lower than in the contralateral control. Those of the skin were higher than in the control side. Electric stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic trunk consistently caused a rise in the tension of oxygen in muscle and a fall in skin. This was not attributable to hematometakinesia but to active vasodilation in muscle. Changes in temperature were always in the same direction as changes in oxygen tension.

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Evidences of Existence of Serotoninergic Nerves, Enhancing Duodenal Motility

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences ◽

10.15690/vramn570 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 718-726

Author(s):

Viktor Mihajlovich Smirnov ◽

Dmitrij Sergeevich Sveshnikov ◽

Igor Leonidovich Myasnikov ◽

Tat'jana Evgen'evna Kuznecova ◽

Jurij Nikolaevich Samko

Keyword(s):

Sympathetic Nerves ◽

The Body ◽

Sympathetic Trunk ◽

Thoracic Cavity ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽

Motor Responses ◽

Duodenal Motility ◽

5Ht Receptors ◽

Stimulation Of

The review is devoted to the mechanism of duodenal motility activation caused by sympathetic nerves. The authors have found that stimulation of the sympathetic trunk in the thoracic cavity in dogs in most cases provide not inhibitory but excitatory motor responses of the duodenum. Excitatory effects were eliminated during 5HT-receptors blockade by promedol and lysergol. Analysis of publications showed that sympathetic trunk contains serotoninergic fibers, providing excitatory motor responses of the duodenum to electrical nerve stimulation. According to histochemical and physiological studies, amount of serotonergic fibers in the sympathetic trunk is several times more than the adrenergic. This means that the body has sertoninergic nerves. Serotoninergic nerve as well as the sympathetic is a collective notion. There are: sympathetic trunks, their ramifications and branches that innervate the internal organs. Since promedol blocks serotonergic nerves, this is plausible cause of constipation in patients after surgical treatment along with the application of this drug.

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Enhanced (Na+, K+)-activated ATPase activity after indirect electric stimulation of rat skeletal muscle

Life Sciences ◽

10.1016/0024-3205(75)90480-4 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 329-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bjørn P. Brodal ◽

Nicolay L. Eeg-Larsen ◽

Ole-Jan E. Iversen ◽

Einar Jebens ◽

Asbjørn Røed

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Atpase Activity ◽

Electric Stimulation ◽

Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽

Stimulation Of

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A Study of New Treatment for Excessive Alcohol Users by Electric Stimulation of Nerves Around Ear

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04106739 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Electric Stimulation ◽

Excessive Alcohol ◽

New Treatment ◽

Alcohol Users ◽

Stimulation Of

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A Time-Course Comparison of Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Alterations in Walker-256 Tumour-Bearing Rats at Different Stages of Life

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11060404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 404

Author(s):

Gabriela de Matuoka e Chiocchetti ◽

Leisa Lopes-Aguiar ◽

Natália Angelo da Silva Miyaguti ◽

Lais Rosa Viana ◽

Carla de Moraes Salgado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Time Course ◽

Cancer Cachexia ◽

Tumour Bearing ◽

Walker 256 Tumour ◽

Walker 256 ◽

Muscle Changes ◽

The Right ◽

Biomarker Research ◽

Host Metabolism

Cancer cachexia is a severe wasting condition that needs further study to find ways to minimise the effects of damage and poor prognosis. Skeletal muscle is the most impacted tissue in cancer cachexia; thus, elucidation of its metabolic alterations could provide a direct clue for biomarker research and be applied to detect this syndrome earlier. In addition, concerning the significant changes in the host metabolism across life, this study aimed to compare the metabolic muscle changes in cachectic tumour-bearing hosts at different ages. We performed 1H-NMR metabolomics in the gastrocnemius muscle in weanling and young adult Walker-256 tumour-bearing rats at different stages of tumour evolution (initial, intermediate, and advanced). Among the 49 metabolites identified, 24 were significantly affected throughout tumour evolution and 21 were significantly affected regarding animal age. The altered metabolites were mainly related to increased amino acid levels and changed energetic metabolism in the skeletal muscle, suggesting an expressive catabolic process and diverted energy production, especially in advanced tumour stages in both groups. Moreover, these changes were more severe in weanling hosts throughout tumour evolution, suggesting the distinct impact of cancer cachexia regarding the host’s age, highlighting the need to adopting the right animal age when studying cancer cachexia.

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Electrical Stimulation of Injected Muscles to Boost Botulinum Toxin Effect on Spasticity: Rationale, Systematic Review and State of the Art

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13050303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 303

Author(s):

Alessandro Picelli ◽

Mirko Filippetti ◽

Giorgio Sandrini ◽

Cristina Tassorelli ◽

Roberto De Icco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Current Literature ◽

Electric Stimulation ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽

Type A ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type ◽

Botulinum Toxins ◽

Stimulation Of

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) represents a first-line treatment for spasticity, a common disabling consequence of many neurological diseases. Electrical stimulation of motor nerve endings has been reported to boost the effect of BoNT-A. To date, a wide range of stimulation protocols has been proposed in the literature. We conducted a systematic review of current literature on the protocols of electrical stimulation to boost the effect of BoNT-A injection in patients with spasticity. A systematic search using the MeSH terms “electric stimulation”, “muscle spasticity” and “botulinum toxins” and strings “electric stimulation [mh] OR electrical stimulation AND muscle spasticity [mh] OR spasticity AND botulinum toxins [mh] OR botulinum toxin type A” was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, PEDro and Cochrane library electronic databases. Full-text articles written in English and published from database inception to March 2021 were included. Data on patient characteristics, electrical stimulation protocols and outcome measures were collected. This systematic review provides a complete overview of current literature on the role of electrical stimulation to boost the effect of BoNT-A injection for spasticity, together with a critical discussion on its rationale based on the neurobiology of BoNT-A uptake.

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Stimulation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle by organic solvents.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86914-4 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 254 (17) ◽

pp. 8466-8472

Author(s):

T.J. Singh ◽

J.H. Wang

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Organic Solvents ◽

Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽

Rabbit Skeletal Muscle ◽

Phosphorylase Kinase ◽

Stimulation Of

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Peripheral muscarinic control of norepinephrine release in the cardiovascular system

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1980.239.6.h713 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 239 (6) ◽

pp. H713-H720 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. Muscholl

Keyword(s):

Physiological Role ◽

Sympathetic Nerves ◽

Adrenergic Nerve ◽

Sequence Of Events ◽

Adrenergic Response ◽

Adrenergic Nerve Terminals ◽

Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽

Related Compounds ◽

Stimulation Of

Activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors located at the terminal adrenergic nerve fiber inhibits the process of exocytotic norepinephrine (NE) release. This neuromodulatory effect of acetylcholine and related compounds has been discovered as a pharmacological phenomenon. Subsequently, evidence for a physiological role of the presynaptic muscarinic inhibition was obtained on organs known to be innervated by the autonomic ground plexus (Hillarp, Acta. Physiol. Scand. 46, Suppl. 157: 1-68, 1959) in which terminal adrenergic and cholinergic axons run side by side. Thus, in the heart electrical vagal stimulation inhibits the release of NE evoked by stimulation of sympathetic nerves, and this is reflected by a corresponding decrease in the postsynaptic adrenergic response. On the other hand, muscarinic antagonists such as atropine enhance the NE release evoked by field stimulation of tissues innervated by the autonomic ground plexus. The presynaptic muscarine receptor of adrenergic nerve terminals probably restricts the influx of calcium ions that triggers the release of NE. However, the sequence of events between recognition of the muscarinic compound by the receptor and the process of exocytosis still remains to be clarified.

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