State of creatine in mammalian heart muscle

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. P. Lee ◽  
R. A. Dewall ◽  
M. B. Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Artificial Respiration ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Ventricular Muscle ◽  
Phosphate Content ◽  
Total Creatine ◽  
Mammalian Heart Muscle ◽  
Rabbit Ventricular Muscle

Studies were performed on the total creatine, phosphocreatine and inorganic phosphate content of rabbit ventricular muscle from animals sacrificed under various conditions. The highest values of phosphocreatine, averaging 59.6% of the total creatine, were found in hearts arrested by intra-aortic infusion of alkaline potassium citrate solutions. Approximately the same values were found after sodium citrate arrest. Potassium chloride arrest resulted in a finding of only half as much phosphocreatine. Hearts removed without previous arrest likewise showed phosphocreatine values far below those found after citrate arrest. Acetylcholine arrest did not yield high values. Animals sacrificed by stunning, followed immediately by artificial respiration with 100% O2 showed the lowest quantities of cardiac phosphocreatine. Adrenaline administration to the animal prior to potassium citrate arrest was followed by very low phosphocreatine levels. The inorganic phosphate content of rabbit heart muscle is in general inversely proportional to the phosphocreatine, and directly proportional to the free creatine levels. Assuming a linear correlation one finds that there appears to be 75 mg% of free creatine in the rabbit ventricular muscle at the time of instantaneous arrest under optimal conditions.

Myocardial energy substances in the dog heart during potassium and hypothermic arrest

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent L. Gott ◽  
Marilyn Bartlett ◽  
David M. Long ◽  
C. Walton Lillehei ◽  
John A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Atp Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Human Biopsy ◽  
Cold Blood ◽  
Hypothermic Arrest ◽  
Better Than

Canine hearts were arrested with potassium citrate at 37 C and with cold blood at 17 C. Biopsies were taken from the nonperfused hearts at 0, 5, 20, and 60 min and analyzed by specific microtechniques for AMP, ADP, ATP, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, glycogen, lactic acid, and pyruvic acid. During potassium citrate arrest at 37 C the ATP level was reduced 4.41 mmoles/kg to an average value of .77 mmoles/kg. During hypothermic arrest the ATP level decreased only 1.88 mmoles/ kg. Arrested hearts at 37 C utilized four times as much glycogen and produced three times as much lactic acid as hearts at 17 C. Phosphocreatine fell to low values in both types of arrest within 20 min. The levels of AMP, ADP, and pyruvic acid remained fairly constant throughout the period of arrest. It appears from this data and earlier human biopsy data that selective hypothermic arrest is tolerated far better than potassium citrate arrest. Submitted on September 18, 1961

The influence of rolitetracycline upon some metabolic parameters of rabbit heart muscle

1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 1875-1877
Author(s):  
Vlasta Bélová ◽  
Eva Barnová ◽  
Konstantin Barna
Keyword(s):  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Metabolic Parameters

scholarly journals Choline Permeability in Cardiac Muscle Cells of the Cat

1970 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bosteels ◽  
A. Vleugels ◽  
E. Carmeliet
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Ventricular Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Cell ◽  
Cardiac Muscle Cells ◽  
Rapid Phase

Permeability of the cardiac cell membrane to choline ions was estimated by measuring radioactive choline influx and efflux in cat ventricular muscle. Maximum values for choline influx in 3.5 and 137 mM choline were respectively 0.56 and 9 pmoles/cm2·sec. In 3.5 mM choline the intracellular choline concentration was raised more than five times above the extracellular concentration after 2 hr of incubation. In 137 mM choline, choline influx corresponded to the combined loss of intracellular Na and K ions. Paper chromatography of muscle extracts indicated that choline was not metabolized to any important degree. The accumulation of intracellular choline rules out the existence of an efficient active pumping mechanism. By measuring simultaneously choline and sucrose exchange, choline efflux was analyzed in an extracellular phase, followed by two intracellular phases: a rapid and a slow one. Efflux corresponding to the rapid phase was estimated at 16–45 pmoles/cm2·sec in 137 mM choline and at 1.3–3.5 pmoles/cm2·sec in 3.5 mM choline; efflux in 3.5 mM choline was proportional to the intracellular choline concentration. The absolute figures for unidirectional efflux were much larger than the net influx values. The data are compared to Na and Li exchange in heart cells. Possible mechanisms for explaining the choline behavior in heart muscle are discussed.

Excitability and electrical response of ischemic heart muscle

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandler McC. Brooks ◽  
Jerome L. Gilbert ◽  
Martin E. Greenspan ◽  
Gertrude Lange ◽  
Hector M. Mazzella
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Monophasic Action Potential ◽  
Ventricular Muscle ◽  
Refractory Periods

Measurements were made of the changes in the monophasic action potential, excitability, durations of the refractory periods and conduction times in an area of left ventricular muscle during the development of ischemia subsequent to ligation of the ramus descendens anterior. The degree and duration of the ischemia produced varied greatly and effects were related thereto. It was found that action potentials shortened as did the refractory periods; thresholds fell momentarily and then rose progressively as tissue responsiveness failed due to continuing ischemia. Latency of responses increased, the action potentials decreased in amplitude and alternation occurred before the tissue became completely unresponsive. Early re-establishment of a blood supply caused a reversal of the abnormalities. The significance of these changes to the origin of arrhythmias is discussed.

Complete Heart-block, with Dissociation of the Action of the Auricles and Ventricles

1906 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 1085-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Heart Block ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Complete Heart Block ◽  
Ventricular Muscle ◽  
Ventricular Systole

The ventricular rhythm differs from the auricular, firstly, on the occurrence of a ventricular extra-systole, and, secondly, in cases where there is allorhythmia due to depression of conductivity of the heart muscle. When conductivity is depressed, the contraction stimulus at regular or irregular intervals may be blocked at the auriculo-ventricular muscle bridge; so that whereas some stimuli induce both auricular and ventricular systole, others induce auricular systole alone, the ventricular systole being missed. That condition, incomplete heart-block, is of not infrequent occurrence in the human heart, and has been graphically recorded by Mackenzie (1), Finkelnburg (2), and other writers.

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