Myocardial energy substances in the dog heart during potassium and hypothermic arrest

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent L. Gott ◽  
Marilyn Bartlett ◽  
David M. Long ◽  
C. Walton Lillehei ◽  
John A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Atp Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Human Biopsy ◽  
Cold Blood ◽  
Hypothermic Arrest ◽  
Better Than

Canine hearts were arrested with potassium citrate at 37 C and with cold blood at 17 C. Biopsies were taken from the nonperfused hearts at 0, 5, 20, and 60 min and analyzed by specific microtechniques for AMP, ADP, ATP, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, glycogen, lactic acid, and pyruvic acid. During potassium citrate arrest at 37 C the ATP level was reduced 4.41 mmoles/kg to an average value of .77 mmoles/kg. During hypothermic arrest the ATP level decreased only 1.88 mmoles/ kg. Arrested hearts at 37 C utilized four times as much glycogen and produced three times as much lactic acid as hearts at 17 C. Phosphocreatine fell to low values in both types of arrest within 20 min. The levels of AMP, ADP, and pyruvic acid remained fairly constant throughout the period of arrest. It appears from this data and earlier human biopsy data that selective hypothermic arrest is tolerated far better than potassium citrate arrest. Submitted on September 18, 1961

Glucocorticoid effects on respiration and metabolism by rat liver homogenates

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis D. Goetsch ◽  
L. E. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
And Control

The effects of glucocorticoid administration on oxygen uptake, glucose and glycogen disappearance, lactic acid formation, and inorganic phosphate and protein levels in rat liver homogenates have been studied. A single injection of hydrocortisone, prednisolone, or 9 α-fluoroprednisolone 5 hr before sacrifice resulted in a highly significant increase in oxygen uptake by rat liver homogenates, whereas chronic administration of prednisolone daily for 7 days caused a marked inhibition in homogenate respiration. Glycolytic rate did not appear to be affected by single injections since endogenous carbohydrate utilization was similar in liver homogenates prepared from control and treated animals. Incubation of liver homogenates under aerobic conditions disclosed that inorganic phosphate levels were decreased in homogenates from corticoid-treated rats, whereas these levels were similar in treated and control liver homogenates incubated under nitrogen. Under anaerobic conditions, liver homogenates from treated rats accumulated lactic acid more rapidly than untreated liver homogenates. Glucocorticoid treatment did not appear to affect protein disappearance since no differences between protein levels in treated and untreated rat liver homogenates were detected following incubation.

scholarly journals MODIFIKASI BARU ALGORITMA KOLONI LEBAH BUATAN UNTUK MASALAH OPTIMASI GLOBAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Nursyiva Irsalinda ◽  
Sugiyarto Surono
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Artificial Bee Colony ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Abc Algorithm ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Objective Function Values ◽  
Better Than

Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is one of metaheuristic optimization technique based on population. This algorithm mimicking honey bee swarm to find the best food source. ABC algorithm consist of four phases: initialization phase, employed bee phase, onlooker bee phase and scout bee phase. This study modify the onlooker bee phase in selection process to find the neighborhood food source. Not all food sources obtained are randomly sought the neighborhood as in ABC algorithm. Food sources are selected by comparing their objective function values. The food sources that have value lower than average value in that iteration will be chosen by onlooker bee to get the better food source. In this study the modification of this algorithm is called New Modification of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (MB-ABC). MB-ABC was applied to 4 Benchmark functions. The results show that MB-ABC algorithm better than ABC algorithm

scholarly journals Production of Nigerian Yoghurt Using Lactic Acid Bacteria as Starter Cultures

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
S. Aforijiku ◽  
S. M. Wakil ◽  
A. A. Onilude
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Fermentation Control ◽  
Better Than

Aim: This work was carried out to investigate the influence of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) on organoleptic quality and proximate composition of yoghurt, and viability of starter cultures in yoghurt. Methods: The LAB starter cultures were selected based on their ability to produce diacetyl and lactic acid. Results: Lactobacillus caseiN1 produced the highest quantity (2.72 g/L) of diacetyl at 48 hrs of incubation while Pediococcus acidilacticiG1 had the lowest amount (0.50 g/L). The pH of produced yoghurt ranged between 4.40 and 5.58 while the corresponding lactic acid contents ranged between 0.70 and 0.96 g/L. Yoghurt produced with cow milk inoculated with L. PlantarumN24 and L. BrevisN10 had the lowest pH (4.40) at significant level of P≤0.05. Yoghurt with mixed culture of L. PlantarumN24 and L. PlantarumN17 had the highest protein content (5.13%) while spontaneous fermentation (control) produced the least (0.48%). Yoghurt produced from cow milk inoculated with L. PlantarumN24 and L. PlantarumN17 was rated best with overall acceptability (9.0) during first day of storage while the commercial yoghurt (5.8) and spontaneous fermentation (6.8) had least overall acceptability at P≤0.05. Conclusion: Yoghurt samples stored in refrigerator had more viable LAB counts for a period of 21 days while the samples stored at room temperature had a day count except for yoghurt produced with cow milk inoculated with L. plantarumN24 which retained its viability at the second day. The yoghurt produced with selected LAB starters are better than commercial yoghurt in terms of sensory properties, proximate composition, pH and viability.

Distance Based Pattern Driven Mining for Outlier Detection in High Dimensional Big Dataset

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ankit Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Ali Kashif Bashir ◽  
Mamoon Rashid ◽  
V. D. Ambeth Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Outlier Detection ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Detection Of Outliers ◽  
Better Than

Detection of outliers or anomalies is one of the vital issues in pattern-driven data mining. Outlier detection detects the inconsistent behavior of individual objects. It is an important sector in the data mining field with several different applications such as detecting credit card fraud, hacking discovery and discovering criminal activities. It is necessary to develop tools used to uncover the critical information established in the extensive data. This paper investigated a novel method for detecting cluster outliers in a multidimensional dataset, capable of identifying the clusters and outliers for datasets containing noise. The proposed method can detect the groups and outliers left by the clustering process, like instant irregular sets of clusters (C) and outliers (O), to boost the results. The results obtained after applying the algorithm to the dataset improved in terms of several parameters. For the comparative analysis, the accurate average value and the recall value parameters are computed. The accurate average value is 74.05% of the existing COID algorithm, and our proposed algorithm has 77.21%. The average recall value is 81.19% and 89.51% of the existing and proposed algorithm, which shows that the proposed work efficiency is better than the existing COID algorithm.

scholarly journals The Elevation of Adenosine-Triphosphate Levels in Human Erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Warrendorf ◽  
David Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Intracellular Level ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Atp Level ◽  
Atp Formation ◽  
Intracellular Phosphate ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract It has previously been possible to double the level of ATP in human erythrocytes by incubation of the cells at 37° for 10 hr with glucose and adenine. The present study describes a further increase in the ATP level and some of the possible mechanisms involved. Addition of 5 mM pyruvate to a medium containing 32 mM inorganic phosphate, glucose, and adenine elevated the level of ATP threefold during a 10-hr incubation. Pyruvate could be replaced by inosine but the presence of both limited the elevation of ATP to twice that of fresh cells. This limitation may be overcome by the use of 96 mM phosphate in the incubation medium, in which case the intracellular level of ATP is tripled within 2 hr. The conditions which limit the accumulation of ATP are associated with low intracellular phosphate concentrations and the accumulation of organic phosphates, especially, in the presence of inosine, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Utilizing 14C-glucose labeled in carbons 1, 2, or 6, it has been shown that when ATP is being rapidly elevated, the pentose moiety of the adenine nucleotides is mainly supplied (about 80%) by oxidation of carbon 1 of glucose, catalyzed by the dehydrogenases of the hexosemonophosphate shunt. In the presence of pyruvate this activity is doubled. Pyruvate reoxidizes NADPH formed by this pathway, since lactic dehydrogenase has some specificity towards the NADPH. The involvement of the dehydrogenases of the hexosemonophosphate shunt is illustrated by the use of erythrocytes deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Incubation of these cells for 5 hr with glucose and adenine results in only a slight increase in ATP formation, and pyruvate has no additional effect. Addition of inosine, however, leads to the same increment in ATP levels seen in normal cells. The ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels in 6-wk preserved blood can also be increased to three times that of fresh cells by incubation with glucose, adenine, pyruvate, and inosine in a medium high in inorganic phosphate.

State of creatine in mammalian heart muscle

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. P. Lee ◽  
R. A. Dewall ◽  
M. B. Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Artificial Respiration ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Ventricular Muscle ◽  
Phosphate Content ◽  
Total Creatine ◽  
Mammalian Heart Muscle ◽  
Rabbit Ventricular Muscle

Studies were performed on the total creatine, phosphocreatine and inorganic phosphate content of rabbit ventricular muscle from animals sacrificed under various conditions. The highest values of phosphocreatine, averaging 59.6% of the total creatine, were found in hearts arrested by intra-aortic infusion of alkaline potassium citrate solutions. Approximately the same values were found after sodium citrate arrest. Potassium chloride arrest resulted in a finding of only half as much phosphocreatine. Hearts removed without previous arrest likewise showed phosphocreatine values far below those found after citrate arrest. Acetylcholine arrest did not yield high values. Animals sacrificed by stunning, followed immediately by artificial respiration with 100% O2 showed the lowest quantities of cardiac phosphocreatine. Adrenaline administration to the animal prior to potassium citrate arrest was followed by very low phosphocreatine levels. The inorganic phosphate content of rabbit heart muscle is in general inversely proportional to the phosphocreatine, and directly proportional to the free creatine levels. Assuming a linear correlation one finds that there appears to be 75 mg% of free creatine in the rabbit ventricular muscle at the time of instantaneous arrest under optimal conditions.

Prediction of the true metabolizable energy concentration in forages for ruminants

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
A. J. F. Webster ◽  
F. W. Wainman ◽  
P. J. S. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Chemical Description

ABSTRACTA model has been developed to predict the true metabolizable energy (ME,) concentration in forages given to ruminants.The chemical description of forages is based on the concentrations of ash, crude protein, ether extract, sugars and α-glycans, β-glycans and lignin, volatile fatty acids and lactic acid. The model assumes complete fermentation of sugars, α-glycans and lactic acid. The extent of fermentation of β-glycans and crude protein is determined in part by rumen solid-phase outflow rate, which can itself be predicted from dry-matter intake.The model was tested using 121 graminaceous forages whose chemical composition and concentration of metabolizable energy had been measured in the Feedingstuffs Evaluation Unit at the Rowett Research Institute. The agreement between observed and predicted ME, for all classes of forage was nearly always as good as, or better than, the best prediction from single attributes of food chemistry which could only be determined retrospectively and were not consistent even within classes of forage. The model predicts a decline in ME, with increasing rumen solid-phase outflow rate which is determined mainly by the extent of fermentation of β-glycans.

ACCLIMATIZATION TO COLD: IMMEDIATE ADRENAL RESPONSE AND SURVIVAL OF ACCLIMATIZED RATS EXPOSED TO MORE SEVERE COLD

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Molloy ◽  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
William Farrington ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Better Than

Further observations are described on the measurement of the incorporation of inorganic phosphate labelled with P32 into the inorganic phosphate of the adrenal gland to assess the immediate pituitary–adrenal response when cold acclimatized and non-acclimatized rats are exposed to more severe cold (2 hours at −5 °C). In rats acclimatized to cold by conditioning to 3 °C for 4 weeks, this immediate pituitary–adrenal response was considerably less than that in non-acclimatized rats maintained at room temperature (22 °C). The reduction in the immediate pituitary–adrenal response took 3 to 4 weeks to develop and persisted for 12 hours, but not for 4 days. Rats that were conditioned to −5 °C by exposures for 2 or 6 hours daily for 4 weeks showed no reduction in the immediate pituitary–adrenal response to more severe cold, but there was a significant decrease in this response in rats conditioned for 6 hours daily for 8 weeks.Rats acclimatized to cold by conditioning to 3 °C for 4 weeks showed greater survival when exposed to an environmental temperature of −15 °C than rats conditioned to 22 °C. Rats that were conditioned to −5 °C for brief daily periods (2 hours or 6 hours) for 4 weeks or 8 weeks also survived exposure to severe cold (−22 °C) better than rats maintained at room temperature.In general, significant increases in adrenal weight were found in those cold-conditioned rats that showed a reduced pituitary–adrenal response. However, it is concluded that the development of increased survival on exposure to severe cold, by a process of conditioning to less severe cold, is not necessarily accompanied by a reduction in the immediate pituitary–adrenal response to severe cold, or by an increase in weight of the adrenal glands.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document