Plasma and blood volumes in the little brown bat

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Kallen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
Blood Volumes

Modifications are described which make T-1824 suitable for plasma volume determinations on small bats. An average plasma volume of 6.5 ml/100 gm body weight has been determined for the active little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus; average blood volume, based on plasma volume and hematocrit, is 13.0 ml/100 gm body weight. Seasonal changes have been observed which apparently result primarily from changes in lean body weight and from pregnancy. Young bats have a proportionately greater blood volume. No significant differences have been found between sexes, nor between determinations made during day and night hours. Plasma and blood levels are changing least at the beginning and end of the hibernating period. Comparisons of previous studies suggest that, while a plasma decrease and unchanged cell volume seem generally characteristic of mammals which have entered hibernation, a concurrent drop in heart blood hematocrit of the hibernating bat suggests a redistribution of erythrocytes as well.

Plasma and blood volumes of the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1866-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Keiver ◽  
M. Chandler ◽  
R. J. Frank ◽  
K. Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
Cystophora Cristata ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Blood Volumes

Plasma volumes and haematocrits were determined in six hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) and blood volumes were estimated. Expressed on a total body weight basis, plasma volume was found to range from 39 to 109 mL∙kg−1 and blood volume from 93 to 222 mL∙kg−1. Logarithms of the values for plasma and blood volume varied directly with the total body weight of the seals.

Normal blood volumes in the horse

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Marcilese ◽  
R. M. Valsecchi ◽  
H. D. Figueiras ◽  
H. R. Camberos ◽  
J. E. Varela
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Race Horses ◽  
Blood Volumes

Blood volumes of 51 horses of three different breeds were determined by means of radioisotopes Cr51 and Fe59. The mean values obtained in 34 determinations for 31 Thoroughbred English race horses are as follows: total blood volume, 10.31; plasma volume, 6.33; and red cell volume 3.98 liters/100 kg body weight for a hematocrit of 42.7%. The results for 6 saddle horses are: 7.75, 5.25, and 2.53, respectively, for a hematocrit of 37.3%. The results in 14 draft horses are: 6.14, 4.35, and 1.82 for a hematocrit of 33.5%. The differences observed in the blood volume values of the three breeds are statistically significant. In our opinion, these differences are due to their physiological qualities, according to the breed.

Blood volume determination in the ringed seal, Phoca hispida

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1885-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. St. Aubin ◽  
J. R. Geraci ◽  
T. G. Smith ◽  
V. I. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Phoca Hispida ◽  
Volume Determination ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Blood Volume Determination ◽  
Blood Volumes

Red cell, plasma, and total blood volumes were determined in three ringed seals, Phoca hispida, through simultaneous labelling of both red cells and plasma. Total blood volumes were 139, 140, and 158 ml/kg of whole body weight ([Formula: see text] ml/kg). Lean body weight was determined in one seal; blood volume was calculated as 226 ml/kg lean body weight.

Control circulatory values of morphinepentobarbitalized dogs

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Deavers ◽  
E. L. Smith ◽  
R. A. Huggins
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration

Mean control data on a series of 100 dogs are presented. Cell volume, measured with Cr51-tagged red cells and plasma volume determined simultaneously by T-1824 dye was 33.5 ± 0.74 cc/kg and 50.2 ± 1.11 cc/kg, respectively. The venous hematocrit was 45.2% and the circulatory/venous hematocrit ratio was 0.89 ± 0.01 for the group. The plasma protein concentration of these animals was 6.25 ± 0.07 gm/100 cc. No difference in blood volume per unit of body weight was found between large (12.6 kg) and small (5.8 kg) dogs. The femoral mean systolic pressure was 139.0 ± 2.53 mm Hg, the diastolic pressure 65.6 ± 1.46 mm Hg and the heart rate 85.9 ± 2.86/min.

Circulating blood volumes in pulmonary hypertension associated with erythrocytosis – the effects of therapeutic hemodilution

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rilvani C. Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos Alberto Buschpigell ◽  
Antonio Augusto Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Eisenmenger Syndrome ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Blood Volumes

In the Eisenmenger syndrome, indirect estimation of blood volumes may provide quite inaccurate information when seeking to define therapeutic strategies. With this in mind, we analyzed directly the red cell mass, plasma volume, and total blood volume in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital cardiac defects and erythrocytosis, comparing the results with the respective estimated volumes, and examining the changes induced by therapeutic hemodilution.Thus, we studied 17 patients with the Eisenmenger syndrome, aged from 15 to 53 years, in the basal condition, studying 12 of them both before and after hemodilution. We also investigated five individuals with minimal cardiac lesions, aged from 14 to 42 years, as controls. Red cell mass and plasma volumes were measured using [51 chromium]-sodium chromate and [131iodine]-albumin respectively. Hemodilution was planned so as to exchange 10% of the total blood volume, using 40,000 molecular weight dextran simultaneously to replace the removed volume. The mean values of the red cell mass, plasma volume and total blood volume as assessed by radionuclide techniques were 32%, 31% and 32% higher than the respective volumes as estimated using empirical mathematical formulas (p < 0.002). The measured total blood volume was also 19% higher in the patients compared with controls. Following a period of 5 days after hemodilution, we noted a 13% reduction in red cell mass (p = 0.046), and 10% reduction in total blood volume (p = 0.02), albeit with no changes in the plasma volume.We conclude that direct measurement of blood volumes is useful for proper management of these patients, and provides results that are considerably different from those obtained by empirical estimations.

Determination of rate of cross circulation in parabiotic rats with P32-labeled erythrocytes

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Fleming ◽  
Laura Caldwell ◽  
Roberta Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
Blood Volumes

Litter-mate female rats parabiosed at 21 days by the Bunster-Meyer method were allowed to mature for several months. Volumes of blood obtained from donor animals were incubated at 37°C with P32, in the form of buffered isotonic sodium phosphate. A plasma-free suspension of labeled erythrocytes was prepared and a sample of known activity was injected into the femoral vein of one member of each parabiotic pair. Four pairs of 100 lambda blood samples, obtained by venipuncture, were taken at varying intervals, for the succeeding 150 minutes. Using the dye dilution principle, it was possible to determine the blood volume of the injected rat after the first sample, and that of the pair at the time of equilibrium. The average blood volume was 6.53% of body weight. The concentration of tagged cells reached equal values in both members of the pairs at an average time of 90 minutes. There was less than a 20% loss of total activity in all the pairs used for determinations. An equation was derived for the calculation of the rate of exchange. The average for 15 pairs was 2.09 blood volumes per hour. The range was from 3.95 bl. vol/hr. in the fastest pair to 0.74 bl. vol/hr. in the slowest.

Circulating red cell volume in little brown bats in summer

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Kallen ◽  
William A. Wimsatt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Winter Hibernation ◽  
Volume Decrease

Circulating erythrocyte (RBC) volumes were determined in the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, by using a Cr51-labeling procedure. In 5 min, mixing of labeled cells was 97% complete in active bats and remained so for up to 1 hr after injection, owing to RBC retention by the spleen. Mixing for 5 min appeared less complete when lactating bats were placed in a hibernating environment; the torpor induced in such bats differed from winter hibernation. From late pregnancy to postlactation, active bats averaged 4.4 ml RBC/ 100 g body wt. Blood volume calculated from RBC volume and plasma volume was 11.1 ml/100 g body wt. The per cent RBC in blood samples fell during lactation. High cell volume was associated with high body weight in postlactation bats, but not during late pregnancy or lactation. Some bats had a lower RBC volume after delivery, but a significant cell volume decrease in all bats was not evident until lactation had ceased. Cell volume in late pregnancy was only 17% above that of postlactation bats. No lactation polycythemia was noted.

Effect of Angiotensin II on Blood Volume and Water Intake in the Rat

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Abdelaal ◽  
P. F. Mercer ◽  
G. J. Mogenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Drinking Response ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Infusion Period

Experiments were performed to investigate whether the copious drinking of rats infused with angiotensin II results from a reduction in plasma volume. Angiotensin II (Hypertensin, CIBA) dissolved in 0.9% NaCl was infused through a jugular cannula into conscious, unrestrained rats at a rate of 0.72 ± 0.015 μg kg−1 min−1 for a 30 min period. The amount of angiotensin II required to induce the first drinking response was 6.43 ± 0.667 μg/kg body weight and the latency to drink following the initiation of the infusion was 9.1 ± 0.97 min. The average intake of water during the first drinking bout was 6.3 ± 0.43 ml/kg. The total intake of water during the 30 min infusion period was 13.0 ± 1.37 ml/kg. Plasma volume and hematocrit were determined before and during the angiotensin II infusion. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular cannula before the infusion began and again either 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, or 30 min after the infusion began. The same determinations were also made either when angiotensin II initiated drinking, 2 min or 8 min thereafter. There were no significant changes in either plasma volume or hematocrit. It is concluded that angiotensin-induced drinking does not occur because of hypovolemia produced by angiotensin II.

Blood volume, bleeding volume and tolerance to hemorrhage in the splenectomized dog

1958 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Allen ◽  
Richard A. Walzer ◽  
Kirsten Gregersen ◽  
Magnus I. Gregersen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Of Fluid ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Bleeding Volume ◽  
Replacement Procedure ◽  
Initial Blood ◽  
Blood Volumes

The relation between blood volume reduction and survival was studied in 28 experiments on 20 splenectomized dogs using Walcott's bleed-out and replacement procedure for adjusting the blood volume to the critical range. Plasma volume was measured with T-1824 and blood volume calculated using the Fcells factor of 0.87. Control blood volumes averaged 95 ml/kg in the lean dogs and 78 ml/kg in medium fat dogs. However, the bleeding percentage (bleeding volume as percentage of blood volume) was nearly the same in both groups with an over-all average of 57%. Fifty per cent survival was computed to occur at 66% of the initial blood volume, the critical range extending from 62 to 74%. The volume of fluid replaced by compensatory dilution averaged 10% of the control blood volume.

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