Pulmonary applications and toxicity of engineered nanoparticles

Because of their unique physicochemical properties, engineered nanoparticles have the potential to significantly impact respiratory research and medicine by means of improving imaging capability and drug delivery, among other applications. These same properties, however, present potential safety concerns, and there is accumulating evidence to suggest that nanoparticles may exert adverse effects on pulmonary structure and function. The respiratory system is susceptible to injury resulting from inhalation of gases, aerosols, and particles, and also from systemic delivery of drugs, chemicals, and other compounds to the lungs via direct cardiac output to the pulmonary arteries. As such, it is a prime target for the possible toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the potential usefulness of nanoparticles and nanotechnology in respiratory research and medicine and to highlight important issues and recent data pertaining to nanoparticle-related pulmonary toxicity.

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Monoclonal Antibodies Generated against Glycoconjugates Recognize Chemical Linkers

Antibodies ◽

10.3390/antib9030048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Jessica Ramadhin ◽

Vanessa Silva-Moraes ◽

Thomas Norberg ◽

Donald Harn

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Flow Cytometry ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Incomplete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽

Delivery Platform ◽

Igg1 Mabs ◽

Human Milk Oligosaccharide ◽

And Function

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize glycans are useful tools to assess carbohydrates’ structure and function. We sought to produce IgG mAbs to the human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII). LNFPIII contains the Lewisx antigen, which is found on the surface of schistosome parasites. mAbs binding the Lewisx antigen are well-reported in the literature, but mAbs recognizing HMO structures are rare. To generate mAbs, mice were immunized with LNFPIII-DEX (P3DEX) plus CpGs in VacSIM®, a novel vaccine/drug delivery platform. Mice were boosted with LNFPIII-HSA (P3HSA) plus CpGs in Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA). Splenocytes from immunized mice were used to generate hybridomas and were screened against LNFPIII conjugates via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three positive hybridomas were expanded, and one hybridoma, producing IgG and IgM antibodies, was cloned via flow cytometry. Clone F1P2H4D8D5 was selected because it produced IgG1 mAbs, but rescreening unexpectedly showed binding to both LNFPIII and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) conjugates. To further assess the specificity of the mAb, we screened it on two glycan microarrays and found no significant binding. This finding suggests that the mAb binds to the acetylphenylenediamine (APD) linker-spacer structure of the conjugate. We present the results herein, suggesting that our new mAb could be a useful probe for conjugates using similar linker spacer structures.

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Structure and Function of the Intercellular Junctions: Barrier of Paracellular Drug Delivery

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/138161206777947722 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 2813-2824 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Kai Zheng ◽

Maulik Trivedi ◽

Teruna Siahaan

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Intercellular Junctions ◽

Structure And Function ◽

And Function

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Beyond Fmoc: a review of aromatic peptide capping groups

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c9tb02539a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 863-877 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Adam D. Martin ◽

Pall Thordarson

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Short Peptides ◽

Peptide Structure ◽

Energy Materials ◽

Self Assembling ◽

And Function

Self-assembling short peptides have widespread applications in energy materials, tissue engineering, sensing and drug delivery. In this review we discuss the effect of functional N-terminal capping groups on peptide structure and function.

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High-density lipoproteins for therapeutic delivery systems

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c5tb01332a ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 188-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R. Kannan Mutharasan ◽

Linda Foit ◽

C. Shad Thaxton

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Structure And Function ◽

High Density ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Delivery Vehicle ◽

Drug Delivery Vehicle ◽

Therapeutic Delivery ◽

And Function

High-density lipoproteins are a class of natural nanostructures with multiple desirable properties to model in a drug delivery vehicle. Here we review the structure and function of high-density lipoproteins, and their use as therapeutic delivery systems.

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Controlling Structure and Function of Polymeric Drug Delivery Nanoparticles Using Microfluidics

Molecular Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00177 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2595-2606 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Aman Bains ◽

Yimeng Cao ◽

Sundiata Kly ◽

Jeremy E. Wulff ◽

Matthew G. Moffitt

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Polymeric Drug Delivery ◽

Polymeric Drug ◽

And Function

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Drug delivery based on the structure and function of drug transporters

Folia Pharmacologica Japonica ◽

10.1254/fpj.116.supplement_33 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 116 (supplement) ◽

pp. 33-37

Author(s):

Yuichi Sugiyama

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Transporters ◽

Structure And Function ◽

And Function

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Biomimetic human small muscular pulmonary arteries

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aaz2598 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (13) ◽

pp. eaaz2598 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qianru Jin ◽

Anil Bhatta ◽

Jayson V. Pagaduan ◽

Xing Chen ◽

Hoku West-Foyle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Arteries ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Nitric Oxide Production ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Public Health Challenge ◽

Pulmonary Arterial ◽

Spatial Positioning ◽

And Function

Changes in structure and function of small muscular arteries play a major role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, a burgeoning public health challenge. Improved anatomically mimetic in vitro models of these microvessels are urgently needed because nonhuman vessels and previous models do not accurately recapitulate the microenvironment and architecture of the human microvascular wall. Here, we describe parallel biofabrication of photopatterned self-rolled biomimetic pulmonary arterial microvessels of tunable size and infrastructure. These microvessels feature anatomically accurate layering and patterning of aligned human smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix, and endothelial cells and exhibit notable increases in endothelial longevity and nitric oxide production. Computational image processing yielded high-resolution 3D perspectives of cells and proteins. Our studies provide a new paradigm for engineering multicellular tissues with precise 3D spatial positioning of multiple constituents in planar moieties, providing a biomimetic platform for investigation of microvascular pathobiology in human disease.

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