Isolation of pulmonary interstitial fluid in rabbits by a modified wick technique

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. L1057-L1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Negrini ◽  
Alberto Passi ◽  
Katia Bertin ◽  
Federica Bosi ◽  
Helge Wiig
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Wick Technique

Interstitial fluid protein concentration (Cprotein) values in perivascular and peribronchial lung tissues were never simultaneously measured in mammals; in this study, perivascular and peribronchial interstitial fluids were collected from rabbits under control conditions and rabbits with hydraulic edema or lesional edema. Postmortem dry wicks were implanted in the perivascular and peribronchial tissues; after 20 min, the wicks were withdrawn and the interstitial fluid was collected to measure Cprotein and colloid osmotic pressure. Plasma, perivascular, and peribronchial Cproteinvalues averaged 6.4 ± 0.7 (SD), 3.7 ± 0.5, and 2.4 ± 0.7 g/dl, respectively, in control rabbits; 4.8 ± 0.7, 2.5 ± 0.6, and 2.4 ± 0.4 g/dl, respectively, in rabbits with hydraulic edema; and 5.1 ± 0.3, 4.3 ± 0.4 and 3.3 ± 0.6 g/dl, respectively, in rabbits with lesional edema. Contamination of plasma proteins from microvascular lesions during wick insertion was 14% of plasma Cprotein. In control animals, pulmonary interstitial Cprotein was lower than previous estimates from pre- and postnodal pulmonary lymph; furthermore, although the interstitium constitutes a continuum within the lung parenchyma, regional differences in tissue content seem to exist in the rabbit lung.

Effects of plasma- and cell-free perfusates on filtration coefficient of perfused canine lungs

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1521-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rippe ◽  
M. I. Townsley ◽  
A. E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Filtration Coefficient ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
The Difference

The filtration coefficient (Kf,c) of the microvessels in isolated dog lungs were studied for whole and diluted blood, whole and diluted plasma, Tyrode's solution, and Tyrode's plus dextran (4%, 63,000 mol wt) perfusates. When whole blood and plasma were diluted, Kf,c increased abruptly at a plasma protein concentration between 4 and 5 g/l, an effect which was not dependent on the erythrocyte mass. Both Tyrode's and Tyrode's plus dextran produced increases in Kf,c (60 and 30%, respectively). The difference in Kf,c measured between these latter perfusates was completely abolished when Kf,c were corrected for viscosity differences. Thus the pulmonary microvasculature responds similarly to the systemic circulation in that complete removal of plasma proteins from the perfusate increases Kf,c by 50%. This effect is independent of erythrocyte mass or colloid osmotic pressure of the perfusate, since perfusion with dextran solutions alone also increased Kf,c.

Fat Autograph Retention: Use of Albumin to Correct Physiologic Perturbation Caused by Klein Solution

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell V. Kaminski ◽  
Rose Lopez de Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Fat Grafting ◽  
Fat Harvesting ◽  
Tumescent Solution

Introduction: Correction of the dilution effect of Kline Solution on colloid osmotic pressure in fat harvested for autografting may be an important factor in enhancing graft viability. The specific deficit is an acute decrease in interstitial soluble protein concentration as tumescent solution is infiltrated for local anesthesia. The most important protein component creating colloid osmotic pressure in interstitial fluid is albumin. Thus, the commercial availability of human serum albumin makes correction of this physiologic perturbation easily accomplished by the addition of 1 ml of albumin per 10-ml fat-harvesting syringe. Materials and Methods: Review of the literature and description of technique. Results: The steps to ensure fat autograph retention include: harvest using small cannulas (16- or 18-gauge), restore colloid pressure using albumin in the collection syringe, inject the graft with relatively atraumatic needles (modified 18- or 22-gauge needles), and inject the fat to produce a trail of small beads in multiple fine layers with each bead touching the nutrient bed. Discussion: The study of fat grafting continues to evolve. As it does, the science behind graft has led to better understanding of the adipocyte as a member of a dynamic organ with endocrine, apocrine, and paracrine functions. The fat mass is dynamic. Adipocyte number is not as stagnant as previously thought. They can differentiate and dedifferentiate and become stem cells with the potential to become bone, cartilage, fat and nerve cells. Stem cells from lipo-aspirate make more sense than bone marrow or embryonic sources. For one thing, fat is easy to obtain, and when used in the same patient its endogenous genetic code is identical, removing another obstacle to retention. Conclusion: These observations are reported here as they seem to result in a nearly 90% graft retention rate and reduce the need to overfill.

Isolation of interstitial fluid from skeletal muscle and subcutis in mice using a wick method

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. H2085-H2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Erik Markhus ◽  
Helge Wiig
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Protein Extravasation ◽  
Plasma Protein Extravasation ◽  
Wick Technique ◽  
Region Plasma ◽  
Gain Access

Until recent years, mice were sparsely used in physiological experiments, and therefore, data on the basic cardiovascular parameters of mice are lacking. Our aim was to gain access to interstitial fluid and thereby study transcapillary fluid dynamics in this species. Using a modified wick method, we were able to isolate interstitial fluid from subcutis and skeletal muscle in mice. Three-stranded, dry, nylon wicks were inserted post mortem in an attempt to avoid local inflammation and thus eliminate protein extravasation and wick contamination. Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) was measured with a colloid osmometer for submicroliter samples and averaged (means ± SE) 18.7 ± 0.4 in plasma, 9.1 ± 0.4 in subcutis, and 12.3 ± 0.5 mmHg in muscle. HPLC of plasma and wick fluid showed similar patterns except for some minor peaks eluting in the <40-kDa region. Plasma protein extravasation as determined by 125I-labeled human serum albumin showed that contamination of wick fluid by plasma proteins was negligible (<2%). Capillary hyperfiltration induced by intravenous infusion of saline (10% of body wt) was reflected in tissue fluid isolated by wicks as shown by the average postinfusion COP values of 14.5 ± 0.6, 6.8 ± 0.3, and 7.7 ± 0.4 mmHg in plasma, subcutis, and muscle, respectively. We conclude that the wick technique can be easily adapted for use in mice and may represent a reliable method to isolate interstitial fluid and study transcapillary fluid flux in this species.

Quantitation of changes in lymph protein concentration during lymph node transit

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. H351-H359 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Adair ◽  
D. S. Moffatt ◽  
A. W. Paulsen ◽  
A. C. Guyton
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Afferent Lymph

Many investigators assume the protein concentration and colloid osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid and lymph to be identical even after the lymph has passed through a lymph node. We quantitated the degree of modification of lymph by the dog popliteal lymph node by perfusing isolated lymph nodes in situ at physiological flow rates with homologous plasma or plasma diluted to low protein concentration. This enabled us to compare directly prenodal and postnodal lymph flows and protein concentrations. When undiluted plasma was infused into the node, fluid filtered from the blood into the lymph, diluting the lymph. When diluted plasma was infused, fluid was absorbed from the lymph, concentrating the lymph. Nearly all (98%) of the change in lymph protein concentration could be explained by transfer of protein-free fluid either into or out of the lymph. However, when the nodes were perfused with lymph having a colloid osmotic pressure that exactly balanced the hydrostatic and osmotic forces acting across the lymph node blood-lymph barrier, the lymph was not modified during nodal transit. This "equilibrium colloid osmotic pressure" averaged 60% of that of plasma. The concentrating-diluting mechanism became more significant as the perfusion rate decreased and/or as the colloid osmotic pressure of the afferent lymph was made progressively greater than or less than the equilibrium colloid osmotic pressure. We conclude that lymph nodes modify lymph protein concentration and colloid osmotic pressure except when these are already at equilibrium values for given lymph node conditions. Therefore, the assumption that postnodal lymph is representative of interstitial fluid, especially at low but still physiological lymph flows, is likely to be incorrect.

Interaction of transcapillary Starling forces in the isolated dog forelimb

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. H136-H140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Brace ◽  
A. C. Guyton
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Pressure ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Intact Limb

Three of the four Starling forces were measured in the intact dog forelimb after anesthetization and all four of the Starling forces were measured in the same forelimb which was surgically isolated yet innervated. In the isolated forelimb, isogravimetric capillary pressure (Pci) averaged 15.6 mmHg; colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins (IIp) averaged 19.9 mmHg; mean interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) was +0.4 mmHg, and the average value of interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (IIif) was 4.9 mmHg. Thus the net imbalance in the Starling forces, i.e., (Pci - Pif) - (IIp - IIif), averaged 0.3 mmHg. Furthermore, the value of IIif was consistently decreased after isolation (average decrease of 1.2 mmHg) while Pif was always increased following isolation (average increase of 4.3 mmHg). In addition, it was found that if the forelimb was denervated during isolation, then Pif was increased by an average of 2 mmHg above Pif in the innervated, isolated forelimb. In summary, these studies show that the differences between the intact and isolated forelimb are that Pci averages 10-11 mmHg in the intact forelimb and 15-16 mmHg in the isolated innervated forelimb while interstitial fluid pressure is negative in the intact limb and positive in the isolated limb.

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