scholarly journals Brown adipose tissue is involved in the seasonal variation of cold-induced thermogenesis in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (10) ◽  
pp. R999-R1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yoneshiro ◽  
Mami Matsushita ◽  
Satoshi Nakae ◽  
Toshimitsu Kameya ◽  
Hiroki Sugie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Impact

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to whole body energy expenditure (EE), especially cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT), in humans. Although it is known that EE and CIT vary seasonally, their relationship with BAT has not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the impact of BAT on seasonal variations of EE/CIT and thermal responses to cold exposure in a randomized crossover design. Forty-five healthy male volunteers participated, and their BAT was assessed by positron emission tomography and computed tomography. CIT, the difference of EE at 27°C and after 2-h cold exposure at 19°C, significantly increased in winter compared with summer, being greater in subjects with metabolically active BAT (High BAT, 185.6 kcal/day vs. 18.3 kcal/day, P < 0.001) than those without (Low BAT, 90.6 kcal/day vs. −46.5 kcal/day, P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant interaction effect between season and BAT on CIT ( P < 0.001). The cold-induced drop of tympanic temperature (Tty) and skin temperature (Tskin) in the forehead region and in the supraclavicular region close to BAT deposits were smaller in the High BAT Group than in the Low BAT Group in winter but not in summer. In contrast, the drop of Tskin in the subclavicular and peripheral regions distant from BAT was similar in the two groups in both seasons. In conclusion, CIT increased from summer to winter in a BAT-dependent manner, paralleling cold-induced changes in Tty/Tskin, indicating a role of BAT in seasonal changes in the thermogenic and thermal responses to cold exposure in humans.

scholarly journals MRI Reveals Human Brown Adipose Tissue Is Rapidly Activated in Response to Cold

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 2374-2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan M Oreskovich ◽  
Frank J Ong ◽  
Basma A Ahmed ◽  
Norman B Konyer ◽  
Denis P Blondin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Posterior Neck

Abstract Context In rodents, cold exposure induces the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the induction of intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) lipolysis. However, in humans, the kinetics of supraclavicular (SCV) BAT activation and the potential importance of TAG stores remain poorly defined. Objective To determine the time course of BAT activation and changes in intracellular TAG using MRI assessment of the SCV (i.e., BAT depot) and fat in the posterior neck region (i.e., non-BAT). Design Cross-sectional. Setting Clinical research center. Patients or Other Participants Twelve healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 29 years [body mass index = 24.7 ± 2.8 kg/m2 and body fat percentage = 25.0% ± 7.4% (both, mean ± SD)]. Intervention(s) Standardized whole-body cold exposure (180 minutes at 18°C) and immediate rewarming (30 minutes at 32°C). Main Outcome Measure(s) Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and T2* of the SCV and posterior neck fat pads. Acquisitions occurred at 5- to 15-minute intervals during cooling and subsequent warming. Results SCV PDFF declined significantly after only 10 minutes of cold exposure [−1.6% (SE: 0.44%; P = 0.007)] and continued to decline until 35 minutes, after which time it remained stable until 180 minutes. A similar time course was also observed for SCV T2*. In the posterior neck fat (non-BAT), there were no cold-induced changes in PDFF or T2*. Rewarming did not result in a change in SCV PDFF or T2*. Conclusions The rapid cold-induced decline in SCV PDFF suggests that in humans BAT is activated quickly in response to cold and that TAG is a primary substrate.

Chronic cold exposure has no effect on brown adipose tissue in newborn lambs born to well-fed ewes

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Gate ◽  
L. Clarke ◽  
M. A. Lomax ◽  
M. E. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Impact

It has been previously shown in twin-bearing ewes fed only 60% of their metabolizable energy requirements for late pregnancy that chronic cold exposure induced by winter shearing of the ewes results in larger lambs with more brown adipose tissue. This effect appears to be primarily due to prevention of a decline in fetal body and tissue weights between 145 days’ gestation and 2 h after birth (i.e. 147 days’ gestation) in lambs born to underfed shorn ewes. The present study therefore examined the impact, in ewes that were well fed (i.e. received 100% of their metabolizable energy requirements) during the final month of gestation, of chronic cold exposure induced by winter shearing on lamb birthweight and perirenal adipose tissue composition as measured 2 h after birth. Perirenal adipose tissue was analysed for its thermogenic activity (i.e. GDP binding to mitochondria) and catecholamine content. These observations were combined with similar measurements made in near-term (i.e. 145 days’ gestation) fetuses sampled from well-fed unshorn ewes. There was no difference between lambs born to shorn or unshorn ewes with respect to birth-weight or perirenal adipose tissue weight and composition. Perirenal adipose tissue weight was higher in lambs born to unshorn ewes than in fetuses. The thermogenic activity of adipose tissue was 2-fold higher in lambs born to unshorn ewes compared with 145-day-old fetuses. Epinephrine was detectable only at very low levels in fetal perirenal adipose tissue, increasing 10-fold after birth, with no difference between lambs born to shorn or unshorn ewes. In newborn lambs, plasma growth hormone concentration was lower and insulin concentration higher in shorn compared with unshorn groups. In conclusion, chronic cold exposure induced by winter shearing had no effect on brown adipose tissue development in lambs born to well-fed ewes.

scholarly journals Maternal cold exposure induces distinct transcriptome changes in the placenta and fetal brown adipose tissue in mice

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujoy Ghosh ◽  
Chul-Hong Park ◽  
Jisu Lee ◽  
Nathan Lee ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
De Novo ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Myosin Filament ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized to dissipate energy in the form of heat. BAT-mediated heat production in rodents and humans is critical for effective temperature adaptation of newborns to the extrauterine environment immediately after birth. However, very little is known about whether and how fetal BAT development is modulated in-utero in response to changes in maternal thermal environment during pregnancy. Using BL6 mice, we evaluated the impact of different maternal environmental temperatures (28 °C and 18 °C) on the transcriptome of the placenta and fetal BAT to test if maternal cold exposure influences fetal BAT development via placental remodeling. Results Maternal weight gain during pregnancy, the average number of fetuses per pregnancy, and placental weight did not differ between the groups at 28 °C and 18 °C. However, the average fetal weight at E18.5 was 6% lower in the 18 °C-group compared to the 28 °C-group. In fetal BATs, cold exposure during pregnancy induced increased expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis and lipid metabolism while decreasing the expression of genes associated with muscle cell differentiation, thus suggesting that maternal cold exposure may promote fetal brown adipogenesis by suppressing the myogenic lineage in bidirectional progenitors. In placental tissues, maternal cold exposure was associated with upregulation of genes involved in complement activation and downregulation of genes related to muscle contraction and actin-myosin filament sliding. These changes may coordinate placental adaptation to maternal cold exposure, potentially by protecting against cold stress-induced inflammatory damage and modulating the vascular and extravascular contractile system in the placenta. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that environmental cold temperature sensed by the mother can modulate the transcriptome of placental and fetal BAT tissues. The ramifications of the observed gene expression changes warrant future investigation.

scholarly journals Chronic cold exposure induces autophagy to promote fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial turnover, and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102434
Author(s):  
Winifred W. Yau ◽  
Kiraely Adam Wong ◽  
Jin Zhou ◽  
Nivetha Kanakaram Thimmukonda ◽  
Yajun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Mitochondrial Turnover

Reduced brown adipose tissue activity during cold exposure is a metabolic feature of the human thrifty phenotype

Metabolism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 154709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Hollstein ◽  
Karyne Vinales ◽  
Kong Y. Chen ◽  
Aaron M. Cypess ◽  
Alessio Basolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Thrifty Phenotype ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Metabolic Feature ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

scholarly journals The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Jamie I. van der van der Vaart ◽  
Mariëtte R. Boon ◽  
Riekelt H. Houtkooper
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Metabolic Stresses ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Body Energy

Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a possible target to achieve this for its functional role in energy expenditure by means of increasing thermogenesis. An important metabolic sensor and regulator of whole-body energy balance is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its role in energy metabolism is evident. This review highlights the mechanisms of BAT activation and investigates how AMPK can be used as a target for BAT activation. We review compounds and other factors that are able to activate AMPK and further discuss the therapeutic use of AMPK in BAT activation. Extensive research shows that AMPK can be activated by a number of different kinases, such as LKB1, CaMKK, but also small molecules, hormones, and metabolic stresses. AMPK is able to activate BAT by inducing adipogenesis, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing browning in white adipose tissue. We conclude that, despite encouraging results, many uncertainties should be clarified before AMPK can be posed as a target for anti-obesity treatment via BAT activation.

KCTD10 regulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and metabolic function via Notch Signaling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingsheng Ye ◽  
Liping Luo ◽  
Qi Guo ◽  
Guanghua Lei ◽  
Chao Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Brown Adipose

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is emerging as a target to beat obesity through the dissipation of chemical energy to heat. However, the molecular mechanisms of brown adipocyte thermogenesis remain to be further elucidated. Here, we show that KCTD10, a member of the polymerase delta-interacting protein 1 (PDIP1) family, was reduced in BAT by cold stress and a β3 adrenoceptor agonist. Moreover, KCTD10 level increased in the BAT of obese mice, and KCTD10 overexpression attenuates uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in primary brown adipocytes. BAT-specific KCTD10 knockdown mice had increased thermogenesis and cold tolerance protecting from high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Conversely, overexpression of KCTD10 in BAT caused reduced thermogenesis, cold intolerance, and obesity. Mechanistically, inhibiting Notch signaling restored the KCTD10 overexpression suppressed thermogenesis. Our study presents that KCTD10 serves as an upstream regulator of notch signaling pathway to regulate BAT thermogenesis and whole-body metabolic function.

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