scholarly journals Relationship between alertness, performance, and body temperature in humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (6) ◽  
pp. R1370-R1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth P. Wright ◽  
Joseph T. Hull ◽  
Charles A. Czeisler
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biological Time ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Neurobehavioral Function ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Subjective Alertness ◽  
The Relationship

Body temperature has been reported to influence human performance. Performance is reported to be better when body temperature is high/near its circadian peak and worse when body temperature is low/near its circadian minimum. We assessed whether this relationship between performance and body temperature reflects the regulation of both the internal biological timekeeping system and/or the influence of body temperature on performance independent of circadian phase. Fourteen subjects participated in a forced desynchrony protocol allowing assessment of the relationship between body temperature and performance while controlling for circadian phase and hours awake. Most neurobehavioral measures varied as a function of internal biological time and duration of wakefulness. A number of performance measures were better when body temperature was elevated, including working memory, subjective alertness, visual attention, and the slowest 10% of reaction times. These findings demonstrate that an increased body temperature, associated with and independent of internal biological time, is correlated with improved performance and alertness. These results support the hypothesis that body temperature modulates neurobehavioral function in humans.

scholarly journals Firm Level Strategy, Organization Culture and Performance of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary B. Awino ◽  
Dominic C. Muteshi ◽  
Reginah K. Kitiabi ◽  
Ganesh P. Pokhariyal
Keyword(s):  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Organization Culture ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The study tested the impact of organization culture on the on the relationship between firm-level strategy and performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Kenya. The opinion of the CEO/MDs from 125 firms in this sector was sought by application of a structured questionnaire; the collected data was analysed using hierarchical regression analysis. The paper stated hypothesis that organizational culture has a significant effect on the relationship between firm-level strategy and performance. The results supported the hypothesis. Therefore, firm development of strong organization culture to support firm-level strategy for higher performance is paramount. These findings will contribute to government policy formulation for sector’s expansion and competitiveness and management drives in building a positive organization culture to support firm-level strategy for improved performance.

Signaling sustainability: impact that learning how to report has on enrollment, endowment and emissions of North American higher education institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel C. Minutolo ◽  
Albena Ivanova ◽  
Michelle Cong
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Signaling Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reporting Mechanism ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated model assessing the frequency and timing between reports on the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) Sustainability Tracking, Assessment and Rating System (STARS) reporting the framework by higher education institutions (HEIs) and the relationship between the STARS score and reputation (enrollment), finances (endowment) and performance (emissions). Design/methodology/approach The development of the theoretical model is based on learning, signaling and legitimacy theories. This study collects data from the AASHE STARS to indicate the rating level of 202 HEIs, control variables, enrollment, endowments and emissions. The hypotheses were tested using generalized linear models. Findings Findings suggest that as HEIs report on their sustainability activity, they learn to report better but that there is also an “un-learning” aspect if the HEI skips reporting in a period. The results support the main hypothesis that there is a relationship between reporting and engagement with the HEIs in the form of enrollment and endowments. Finally, the findings provide evidence that the HEIs’ reporting is associated with a reduction in emissions. Practical implications The findings suggest that HEIs should develop a reporting strategy on a standardized framework such as AASHE STARs and they ought to codify the approach to learn from prior reporting. Students and alumni are increasingly seeking to engage the HEI in the sustainability process and the report is a mechanism for signaling activities. Social implications The findings suggest that AASHE STARS scores may be used by HEIs as a signaling mechanism to stakeholders of their commitment to sustainability. The signal is a mechanism to reduce information asymmetry between the HEI and stakeholders who may want more information on the institution’s attempts toward sustainability but lack access to information. Further, HEI partners have a mechanism to assess the overall level of commitment of the HEI toward sustainability and can, therefore, engage accordingly. Originality/value There has been significant work on signaling theory and sustainability. However, the relationship between STARs reporting as a signal that legitimates the HEI, learning how to report well and HEI performance has received less attention. The current study demonstrates that the STARS framework as a reporting mechanism signals the HEIs’ level of commitment to sustainability thereby legitimating it resulting in improved performance.

scholarly journals Business Intelligence Capability, Complementary Resources and Performance among Public Listed Firms in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Edward Buhasho ◽  
Agnes Wausi ◽  
James Njihia
Keyword(s):  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Complementary Resources ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Whereas Business Intelligence initiative has been a primary focus many organisations globally for several years and accounting for billions of dollars in capital expenditure, empirical research remains sparse on the actual impact derived from this investment. Even when the benefits are established, its indirect and delayed impact on business results make it difficult to assess its value. Available literature on how insights triggered by Business Intelligence are transformed into profitable business learning is vague and fragmented. Hence, the main objective of this study was to establish the influence of complementary resources on the relationship between Business Intelligence capability and firm performance. The study used interdisciplinary theories to achieve the research objective, namely, Information systems capability theory and organisational learning. The study was performed using a mixed methods research methodology and cross-sectional approach. Data was collected from 64 public listed companies in Kenya. Findings indicated that complementary resources have a positive and significant impact on the relationship between Business Intelligence capability and performance. The study contributed to theory by building a framework for business intelligence assessment, including factors that significantly lead to improved performance. The results also provide new insights into the existing literature and suggest directions for future research with implications for academia, policymakers and management.

The effect of dynamic correlated colour temperature changes on alertness and performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1070-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ye ◽  
SQ Zheng ◽  
ML Wang ◽  
M Ronnier Luo
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Task

Light can have acute effects on human performance, including task performance, alertness and circadian phase shift. Most studies have investigated these effects using static light. This study investigates the effects of dynamic light with different cycle times and different ranges of correlated colour temperature on human alertness and task performance. Ten participants took part in the experiment using six conditions of dynamic light with each observing session lasting 4.5 hours. An electroencephelogram, measurements of critical flicker frequency, performance on various cognitive tasks and alertness and sleepiness questionnaires were used to evaluate the human responses. The results showed that participants appeared more alert and performed better under lighting of higher correlated colour temperature range but different correlated colour temperature cycle times had little effect.

Paper 6: Fuel Feed Pumps and Filters for Low-Pressure Fuel Supply

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
F. W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Reliability Design ◽  
Fuel Feed ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Output

The main essentials of power units and their accessories have not changed significantly over the last 40 years, and fuel feed pumps come into this category. The basic requirements are well established, but there has been a continual striving for improved performance and strenuous efforts to reduce costs in order to meet the vehicle manufacturers' demands. The author has endeavoured to indicate the trends in developments of the various types of fuel pumps, mechanical and electrical, with particular reference to application and performance for petrol and diesel equipment. The importance of correct installation is related to performance and reliability; design materials are discussed, particularly in relation to the influence of fuels and temperature and the need to meet the demands of modern high-output engines. Mention is made of the relationship of fuel feed systems to safety and evaporative emission control and the special requirements of fuel injection installations. The need for efficient fuel filtration is discussed and the application and design details of filters are outlined.

Individual differences in subjective and objective alertness during sleep deprivation are stable and unrelated

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. R280-R290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Leproult ◽  
Egidio F. Colecchia ◽  
Anna Maria Berardi ◽  
Robert Stickgold ◽  
Stephen M. Kosslyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Subjective Alertness

This study examines the individual reproducibility of alterations of subjective, objective, and EEG measures of alertness during 27 h of continuous wakefulness and analyzes their interrelationships. Eight subjects were studied twice under similar constant-routine conditions. Scales and performance tasks were administered at hourly intervals to define temporal changes in subjective and objective alertness. The wake EEG was recorded every 2 h, 2 min with eyes open and 2 min with eyes closed. Plasma glucose and melatonin levels were measured to estimate brain glucose utilization and individual circadian phase, respectively. Decrements of subjective alertness and performance deficits were found to be highly reproducible for a given individual. Remarkably, there was no relationship between the impairments of subjective and objective alertness. With increased duration of wakefulness, EEG activity with eyes closed increased in the delta range and decreased in the alpha range, but the magnitudes of these changes were also unrelated. These findings indicate that sleep deprivation has highly reproducible, but independent, effects on brain mechanisms controlling subjective and objective alertness.

Modeling Human Performance with Environmental Stressors: A Case Study of the Effect of Vehicle Motion

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 780-783
Author(s):  
Josephine Q. Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Modeling ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Task Time ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Human performance modeling tools are used to predict mission performance as a function of human performance. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has developed a human performance modeling tool, the Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT), for investigation of the impact on a Soldier's performance when the Soldier subjected to environmental stressors such as heat and cold. IMPRINT has the capability to create user-defined stressors to study the stressors' effect on human performance and therefore system performance. This case study used data from literature to create a user-defined stressor in IMPRINT to predict the effect of riding in a moving vehicle on task time and performance. This capability can provide useful information to system designers.

scholarly journals Impact of Knowledge Sharing on Organizational Performance: The Moderating Role of Organizational Culture Proxies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Imran Akbar Saifi ◽  
Dr. Ahmed F. Siddiqui ◽  
Dr. Atif Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The paper aims to test an explanation of how organizational culture affects the relationship between knowledge sharing and organizational performance. It was expected that organizational culture proxies significantly mediate the relationship between knowledge sharing and performance. The study used a quantitative survey method for the collection of data. A sample of 200 respondents was drawn from the higher education institutes (HEIs) situated in Lahore. The findings revealed that a positive relationship exists; except for when the components were tested individually for their role in moderating it, then learning environment became insignificant. The strong impact of interpersonal communication and trust highlights its significance in boosting knowledge sharing in an organization that results in improved performance. This finding helped the authors to draw on future research implications regarding the components of organizational culture.

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