Right atrium mediates a vasomotor reflex

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. R163-R166
Author(s):  
R. F. Munzner ◽  
D. G. Ward ◽  
D. S. Gann
Keyword(s):  
Right Atrium ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Vasomotor Reflex ◽  
Atrial Receptors ◽  
Volume Pulsation

To examine the role of right atrial receptors in mediating reflex vascular responses we measured, in cats anesthetized with chloralose/urethan, changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to volume pulsation of the right atrium (+/- 1 ml, 1 Hz). Changes in MAP were measured 1) with pressure in the carotid arteries normal and vagus nerves intact: right atrial pulsation led to a very small and transient fall in MAP; 2) with pressure in the carotid arteries at 75 mmHg and the vagus nerves intact: right atrial pulsation led to a larger and sustained fall in MAP; 3) with pressure in the carotid arteries at 75 mmHg and the vagus nerves cooled or sectioned bilaterally: right atrial pulsation of the right atrium led only to a very small and transient fall in MAP. These data suggest strongly that signals from right atrial receptors traveling in the vagus nerves mediate a reflex change in MAP that is normally masked by signals from carotid receptors.

Hypothalamic cells in an area mediating ACTH release respond to right atrial stretch

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Grizzle ◽  
RN Johnson ◽  
LP Schramm ◽  
DS Gann
Keyword(s):  
Right Atrium ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Medial Dorsal ◽  
Hypothalamic Cells ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Acth Release

The right atrium has been shown to mediate release of ACTH in response to small hemorrhage. Therefore, we sought to identify hypothalamic neurons (cat, alpha-choloralose 35-45 mg/kg) wholse firing rates were modulated by stretch of the right atrial-vena caval junction. Stretch was produced by intermittent inflation of a balloon implanted between the pericardium and the right atrium. In some cases, carotid arteries were occluded bilaterally. Previous results indicate that electrical stimulation of the medial-dorsal hypothalamus (MDH) causes prompt changes in ACTH, but stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus does not cause changes. Of 64 cells recorded in the MDH, 41 responded to atrial stretch. However, only 2 of 18 cells outside this region responded. Six cells were studied with and without carotid occlusion. Their response was dimished or absent in the absence of carotid occlusion. The results suggest that integration of afferent signals from cardiovascular receptors occurs in the MDH and that the MDH may participate in neural mediation of ACTH in response to hemodynamic changes.

Impact of pericardial restraint on right atrial mechanics during acute right ventricular pressure load

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. H350-H357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hersh S. Maniar ◽  
Sunil M. Prasad ◽  
Sydney L. Gaynor ◽  
Celeste M. Chu ◽  
Paul Steendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Optimization of right atrial (RA) mechanics is important for maintaining right ventricular (RV) filling and global cardiac output. However, the impact of pericardial restraint on RA function and the compensatory role of the right atrium to changes in RV afterload remain poorly characterized. In eight open-chest sheep, RA elastance (contractility) and chamber stiffness were measured (RA pressure-volume relations) at baseline and during partial pulmonary artery (PA) occlusion. Data were collected before and after pericardiotomy. With the pericardium intact and partial PA occlusion, RA elastance increased by 28% ( P < 0.04), whereas RA stiffness tended to rise ( P = 0.08). However, after pericardiotomy, there was a significant fall in both RA elastance (54%, P < 0.04) and stiffness (39%, P < 0.04), and subsequent PA occlusion failed to induce a change in elastance ( P > 0.19) or stiffness ( P > 0.84). After pericardiotomy, RA elastance and stiffness fell dramatically, and the compensatory response of the right atrium to elevated RV afterload was lost. The ability of the right atrium to respond to changes in RV hemodynamics is highly dependent on pericardial integrity.

Role of atrial receptors in the control of ACTH

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Baertschi ◽  
DG Ward ◽  
DS Gann
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
The Right ◽  
Atrial Receptors

Sinusoidal volume changes (+/- 1 ml) were applied at 1 Hz to the right or left atrium of 25 anesthetized cats. Changes in firing rates of single vagal fibers and in plasma ACTH and cortisol were observed in response to start and stop of atrial pulsation. Decreased activity of right atrial and/or septal B-receptors was associated with increased ACTH. Changes in left atrial B-receptor activity were associated with a change in ACTH only if right atrial/septal receptors or baroreceptors also changed their activity in the same direction. The activity of atrial A-receptors did not change in response to atrial pulsation. A quantitative analysis suggested strongly that right atrial and/or septal B-receptors dominate in the response of ACTH to hemodynamic stimuli. Arterial receptors appear less effective, and left atrial B-receptors appear least effective in the hemodynamic control of ACTH.

Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defect with Autologous Right Atrial Patch: Case Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Tansel Dar�in ◽  
Alper Sami Kunt ◽  
Mehmet Halit Andac
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Septal Defect ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Atrial Wall ◽  
Residual Shunt ◽  
Asd Closure ◽  
The Right

Background: Although various synthetic materials and pericardium have been used for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure, investigators are continuing to search for an ideal material for this procedure. We report and evaluate a case in which autologous right atrial wall tissue was used for ASD closure. Case: In this case, we closed a secundum ASD of a 22-year-old woman who also had right atrial enlargement due to the defect. After establishing standard bicaval cannulation and total cardiopulmonary bypass, we opened the right atrium with an oblique incision in a superior position to a standard incision. After examining the secundum ASD, we created a flap on the inferior rim of the atrial wall. A stay suture was stitched between the tip of the flap and the superior rim of the defect, and suturing was continued in a clockwise direction thereafter. Considering the size and shape of the defect, we incised the inferior attachment of the flap, and suturing was completed. Remnants of the flap on the inferior rim were resected, and the right atrium was closed in a similar fashion. Results: During an echocardiographic examination, neither a residual shunt nor perigraft thrombosis was seen on the interatrial septum. The patient was discharged with complete recovery. Conclusion: Autologous right atrial patch is an ideal material for ASD closure, especially in patients having a large right atrium. A complete coaptation was achieved because of the muscular nature of the right atrial tissue and its thickness, which is a closer match to the atrial septum than other materials.

scholarly journals P686 Right atrial, right ventricular and pulmonary cement embolism: a rare complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akhunova ◽  
R Khayrullin ◽  
N Stekolshchikova ◽  
M Samigullin ◽  
V Padiryakov
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Cement Embolism ◽  
The Right

Abstract A 68-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the lumbar spine. He had L5 disc herniation, Spinal stenosis of the L5 root canal - S1 on the right in the past medical history. Percutaneous vertebroplasty at the level of L3 and Th8 vertebral bodies was performed six months ago due to painful vertebral hemangioma. The man is suffering from arterial hypertension, receives antihypertensive therapy. During routine transthoracic echocardiography, a hyperechoic structure with a size of 9.5 x 0.9 cm was found in the right atrium and right ventricle. Chest computed tomography with contrast enhancement revealed signs of bone cement in the right atrium and right ventricle, in the right upper lobe artery, in the branches of the upper lobe artery, in the paravertebral venous plexuses. Considering the duration of the disease, the stable condition, the absence of clinical manifestations and disorders of intracardiac hemodynamics, it was decided to refrain from surgical treatment. Antiplatelet therapy and dynamic observation were recommended. Conclusion Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a modern minimally invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine. However, the cement can penetrate into the paravertebral veins and migrate to the right chambers of the heart and the pulmonary artery. This clinical case demonstrates asymptomatic cement embolism of the right chambers of the heart and pulmonary artery after percutaneous vertebroplasty, detected incidentally during routine echocardiography. Abstract P686 Figure.

scholarly journals Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Subtotal Occlusion of the Inferior Vena Cava and a Right Atrial Mass

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Steinberg ◽  
Suzanne Boudreau ◽  
Felix Leveille ◽  
Marc Lamothe ◽  
Patrick Chagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
The Right

Hepatocellular carcinoma usually metastasizes to regional lymph nodes, lung, and bones but can rarely invade the inferior vena cava with intravascular extension to the right atrium. We present the case of a 75-year-old man who was admitted for generalized oedema and was found to have advanced HCC with invasion of the inferior vena cava and endovascular extension to the right atrium. In contrast to the great majority of hepatocellular carcinoma, which usually develops on the basis of liver cirrhosis due to identifiable risk factors, none of those factors were present in our patient.

Role of right heart receptors in the control of renin, vasopressin, and cortisol secretion in dogs

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. R1071-R1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Carr ◽  
D. B. Jennings ◽  
T. N. Thrasher ◽  
L. C. Keil ◽  
D. J. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Maximal Reduction

We have reported that increased left heart pressure inhibits increases in plasma renin activity (PRA), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and cortisol during arterial hypotension. The goal of this study was to determine whether increases in right heart pressure also inhibited hormonal responses to hypotension. Seven dogs were chronically instrumented with inflatable cuffs around the ascending aorta (AA), the pulmonary artery (PA), and the thoracic inferior vena cava (IVC), as well as with catheters in both atria, the abdominal aorta, and vena cava. The IVC, the PA, and the AA cuffs were inflated on different days to cause step reductions in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 5, 10, 20, and 30% below control MAP. Graded constriction of the AA caused large increases in left atrial pressure and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), but had no effect on plasma AVP or cortisol and caused only a small increase in PRA at the maximal reduction of MAP. Constriction of the IVC reduced both atrial pressures and plasma ANP, but stimulated increases in PRA, AVP, and cortisol. Constriction of the PA increased right atrial pressure and plasma ANP and caused increases in plasma AVP and cortisol that were similar to responses during IVC constriction, but the PRA response was only half (P < 0.05). These results indicate that increasing pressure on the right side of the heart can attenuate the PRA response to hypotension, and suggest that the inhibition is mediated by the rise in plasma ANP.

Effect of canine cardiac nerves on heart rate, rhythm, and pacemaker location

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (4) ◽  
pp. H630-H644 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Schuessler ◽  
J. P. Boineau ◽  
A. C. Wylds ◽  
D. A. Hill ◽  
C. B. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Open Chest ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cardiac Nerves

In open-chest dogs, right- and left-sided cardiac nerves were stimulated to determine their effect on heart rate, rhythm, and pacemaker location. The majority of the nerves produced chronotropic changes; 72% of the induced rhythms originated from within the atrial pacemaker complex. Ten percent of the stimulations produced an atrio-ventricular (AV) nodal rhythm; most of the time this was induced by the left posterior and anterior ansae and ventrolateral nerves. The dominance of a lateral right atrial pacemaker was observed in 8% of the stimulations; the dorsal cardiac and innominate nerves induced this rhythm the majority of the time. The general trend was for a cranial shift in the location of the pacemaker within the pacemaker complex with sympathetic stimulation and a caudal shift with parasympathetic stimulation. Exceptions to the pattern may be explained by the preferential effect of the nerves on the pacemakers in the right atrium. The study demonstrates, in the canine model, that in addition to the sinus and AV nodes, there is a system of pacemakers controlled by the cardiac nerves.

Ping-Pong Ball, Tumor or Thrombus in the Right Atrium? A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Stephanie Ghaleb ◽  
Bryant Roosevelt ◽  
James Cnota
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Noninvasive Imaging ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Right Atrial Mass ◽  
The Right

Tumors and thrombi are the most common cardiac masses of the right atrium. The use of noninvasive imaging to differentiate between the two can be deceiving, and the clinical judgment of a cardiologist and the emergency of the situation should be partnered to decide on the next step of the management. We present the case of a 29-year-old lady who was receiving neoadjuvant treatment for her rhabdomyosarcoma and was incidentally found to have a very large, very mobile right atrial mass that was protruding in the right ventricle with each cardiac cycle along with findings of a small segmental right lower lobe pulmonary embolism. Along with noninvasive imaging, frozen section analysis procured the wrong diagnosis, and the mass was ultimately found to be a right atrial thrombus on definite pathology review. Exact management of right atrial masses continues to be not well delineated, and when in doubt, final diagnosis might need to be “a posteriori” and based on the treatment response.

scholarly journals Atrial Fibrillation Progression Is Associated with Cell Senescence Burden as Determined by p53 and p16 Expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Laurence Jesel ◽  
Malak Abbas ◽  
Sin-Hee Park ◽  
Kensuke Matsushita ◽  
Michel Kindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Atrial Remodeling ◽  
Inflammatory Proteins ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Evidence

Background: Whilst the link between aging and thrombogenicity in atrial fibrillation (AF) is well established, the cellular underlying mechanisms are unknown. In AF, the role of senescence in tissue remodeling and prothrombotic state remains unclear. Aims: We investigated the link between AF and senescence by comparing the expression of senescence markers (p53 and p16), with prothrombotic and inflammatory proteins in right atrial appendages from patients in AF and sinus rhythm (SR). Methods: The right atrial appendages of 147 patients undergoing open-heart surgery were harvested. Twenty-one non-valvular AF patients, including paroxysmal (PAF) or permanent AF (PmAF), were matched with 21 SR patients according to CHA2DS2-VASc score and treatment. Protein expression was assessed by tissue lysates Western blot analysis. Results: The expression of p53, p16, and tissue factor (TF) was significantly increased in AF compared to SR (0.91 ± 0.31 vs. 0.58 ± 0.31, p = 0.001; 0.76 ± 0.32 vs. 0.35 ± 0.18, p = 0.0001; 0.88 ± 0.32 vs. 0.68 ± 0.29, p = 0.045, respectively). Expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was lower in AF (0.25 ± 0.15 vs. 0.35 ± 0.12, p = 0.023). There was a stepwise increase of p53, p16, TF, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and an eNOS progressive decrease between SR, PAF, and PmAF. AF was the only predictive factor of p53 and p16 elevation in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The study brought new evidence indicating that AF progression is strongly related to human atrial senescence burden and points at a link between senescence, thrombogenicity, endothelial dysfunction and atrial remodeling.

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