Volume influences on thirst and vasopressin secretion in dehydrated sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. R621-R626
Author(s):  
R. G. Park ◽  
M. Congiu ◽  
D. A. Denton ◽  
M. J. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Reduced Water

The contribution of extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) to water consumption and plasma vasopressin concentration (PAVP) after water deprivation for 52 h was examined in sheep. Intravenous infusion of isotonic NaCl, equivalent to either estimated ECFV loss or total body water loss, significantly reduced water intake by 37% when water was offered 3 h after infusion but not when water was offered 1 h after infusion. Plasma osmolality (POsm) was reduced after 3 h. Infusion of 200 mM NaCl, which maintained POsm, decreased water consumption by the same degree as isotonic NaCl infusion. Thus large decreases in POsm had no effect on water intake in this experimental protocol. Lack of inhibition of drinking 1 h after infusion suggests that the decrease observed after 3 h may have been mediated by receptors in the interstitial fluid (ISF) compartment and not the intravascular compartment. PAVP was reduced 3 h after infusion of NaCl but not at 1 or 2 h after infusion. POsm was also decreased at 3 h. Thus reduction of PAVP by NaCl infusion may have been caused by either ISF or intracellular fluid volume expansion.

Relationship between interstitial fluid volume and pressure (compliance) in hypothyroid rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. H1085-H1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Wiig ◽  
Tjøstolv Lund
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume

There is clinical and experimental evidence that lack of thyroid hormones may affect the composition and structure of the interstitium. This can influence the relationship between volume and pressure during changes in hydration. Hypothyrosis was induced in rats by thyroidectomy 8 wk before the experiments. Overhydration was induced by infusion of acetated Ringer, 5, 10, and 20% of the body weight, while fluid was withdrawn by peritoneal dialysis with hypertonic glucose. Interstitial fluid pressure (Pi) in euvolemia (euvolemic control situation) and experimental situation was measured with micropipettes connected to a servocontrolled counterpressure system. The corresponding interstitial fluid volume (Vi) was found as the difference between extracellular fluid volume measured as the distribution volume of 51Cr-labeled EDTA and plasma volume measured using125I-labeled human serum albumin. In euvolemia, Vi was similar or lower in the skin and higher in skeletal muscle of hypothyroid than in euthyroid control rats, whereas the corresponding Pi was higher in all tissues. During overhydration, Pi rose to the same absolute level in both types of rats, whereas during peritoneal dialysis there was a linear relationship between volume and pressure in all tissues and types of rats. Interstitial compliance (Ci), calculated as the inverse value of the slope of the curve relating changes in volume and pressure in dehydration, did not differ significantly in the hindlimb skin of hypothyroid and euthyroid rats. However, in skeletal muscle, Ci was 1.3 and 2.0 ml · 100 g−1 · mmHg−1 in hypothyroid and euthyroid rats ( P < 0.01), with corresponding numbers for the back skin of 2.7 and 5.0 ml · 100 g−1 · mmHg−1 ( P < 0.01). These experiments suggest that lack of thyroid hormones in rats changes the interstitial matrix, again leading to reduced Ci and reduced ability to mobilize fluid from the interstitium.

Restraint vs. hindlimb suspension on fluid and electrolyte balance in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1993-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bouzeghrane ◽  
S. Fagette ◽  
L. Somody ◽  
A. M. Allevard ◽  
C. Gharib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Sodium Thiocyanate ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Osmotic Load ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

To determine the effect of hindlimb suspension on body fluid volume, salt and water balance, and relevant hormones, two series of experiments were performed in an experimental protocol including periods of isolation (7 days), horizontal attachment (7 days), and suspension (14 days). 1) During the first experiment, water and electrolyte balance, arginine vasopressin (AVP), and guanosine 3',5'- cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) were determined in urine, atrial natriuretic peptide in plasma and atria, and renin concentration and AVP in plasma in 30 rats. 2) During the second experiment, blood volume and extracellular fluid volume were measured by a dilution technique (Evans blue and sodium thiocyanate) in another 30 rats. We observed a pronounced and early effect of horizontal attachment on the renal variables. After 48 h, diuresis (49%), natriuresis (44%), kaliuresis (36%), osmotic load (39%), creatinine (28%), and AVP excretion (155%) were significantly increased in attached rats (P < 0.05). There was no short-term (24-h) effect of suspension on urine flow and Na+, K+, creatinine, and AVP excretion, but the urine cGMP decreased significantly (45%; P < 0.05). Significant decreases in natriuresis, kaliuresis, urine creatinine, and osmotic load occurred in the suspension group 7 days after suspension. After the 14-day tail suspension, plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume measured in suspended rats were not different from isolated rat values, whereas plasma volume increased by 15% (P < 0.05) in the attached rats. Plasma immunoreactive plasma atrial natriuretic levels of suspended rats were significantly reduced by 35% vs. isolated rats (P < 0.001) and by 18% vs. attached rats (P < 0.05). By using this experimental protocol, the physiological alterations revealed that suspension produced some acute and long-term effects, but the fixation to the suspension device, restraint, and confinement have their own influence on fluid distribution and renal function.

Time course and magnitude of changes in total body water, extracellular fluid volume, intracellular fluid volume and plasma volume during submaximal exercise and recovery in horses

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I Lindinger ◽  
Gloria McKeen ◽  
Gayle L Ecker
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine the time course and magnitude of changes in extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes in relation to changes in total body water during prolonged submaximal exercise and recovery in horses. Seven horses were physically conditioned over a 2-month period and trained to trot on a treadmill. Total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and plasma volume (PV) were measured at rest using indicator dilution techniques (D2O, thiocyanate and Evans Blue, respectively). Changes in TBW were assessed from measures of body mass, and changes in PV and ECFV were calculated from changes in plasma protein concentration. Horses exercised by trotting on a treadmill for 75–120 min incurred a 4.2% decrease in TBW. During exercise, the entire decrease in TBW (mean±standard error: 12.8±2.0 l at end of exercise) could be attributed to the decrease in ECFV (12.0±2.4 l at end of exercise), such that there was no change in intracellular fluid volume (ICFV; 0.9±2.4 l at end of exercise). PV decreased from 22.0±0.5 l at rest to 19.8±0.3 l at end of exercise and remained depressed (18–19 l) during the first 2 h of recovery. Recovery of fluid volumes after exercise was slow, and characterized by a further transient loss of ECFV (first 30 min of recovery) and a sustained increase in ICFV (between 0.5 and 3.5 h of recovery). Recovery of fluid volumes was complete by 13 h post exercise. It is concluded that prolonged submaximal exercise in horses favours net loss of fluid from the extracellular fluid compartment.

Satiety and inhibition of vasopressin secretion after drinking in dehydrated dogs

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (4) ◽  
pp. E394-E401 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Thrasher ◽  
J. F. Nistal-Herrera ◽  
L. C. Keil ◽  
D. J. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion

The roles of oropharyngeal and gastric factors in satiation and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion were examined in water-deprived dogs. Dogs were prepared with chronic gastric fistulas and received six treatments after 24 h of water deprivation: rehydration with H2O or extracellular fluid (ECF) with the fistula closed; rehydration with H2O or ECF with the fistula open; gastric administration of H2O or ECF via the fistula. Drinking occurred immediately after presentation and was always completed by 6 min. At the end of the 60-min period of observation, water was offered in order to assess the degree of satiety. No differences were observed between the volumes of H2O or ECF consumed. However, only absorption of the water drunk produced complete satiety assessed 60 min later. Drinking H2O caused a fall in plasma AVP 6 min before a detectable decline in osmolality and reached water-replete levels by 15 min after drinking. Drinking H2O or ECF plus removal via the fistula and drinking ECF also brought about a rapid decline in plasma AVP without any change in plasma osmolality. Gastric administration of H2O caused a fall in plasma AVP that coincided with the fall in osmolality, and gastric administration of ECF had no effect on plasma AVP. We conclude that oropharyngeal factors account for temporary satiety and the rapid inhibition of vasopressin secretion.

Water metabolism in desert sheep. Effects of various degrees of water restriction on the distribution of body water in Marwari sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Purohit ◽  
PK Ghosh ◽  
GC Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Body Compartments ◽  
Total Body

The distribution of water in the different body compartments of eight sheep of the Marwari breed was determined after imposing the following treatments: watering ad lib., restriction to 75%, 50%, and 25% respectively of normal daily water requirements (each treatment of 5 days' duration, with a 7-day normal drinking regime between treatments), and complete deprivation of water for 3 days. The total body water, the total blood and plasma volumes, and the extracellular, intracellular, and interstitial fluid volumes of the animals began to decrease when the water intake was reduced below 75% of the normal daily requirement. A reduction to 25% normal was similar in its effect to complete deprivation, at which the plasma volume fell by 43% and the extracellular fluid volume by 33%. The findings clearly point to an unusual ability of these animals to maintain circulation even when faced with considerable haemoconcentration.

Some biochemical and physiological features of normal monkeys (Macaca radiata)

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Srikantia ◽  
C. Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Sodium Thiocyanate ◽  
Macaca Radiata ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Total Body

Determinations of body-fluid spaces with antipyrine for total-body water and sodium thiocyanate for extracellular fluid volume, hematological indices, and several serum constituents in about 500 Macaca radiata monkeys revealed that most of the values obtained were very similar to values obtained in man. body fluid spaces; hematology Submitted on April 22, 1963

Intravascular volume, extracellular fluid volume, and total body water in obese and nonobese hypertensive patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyne Raison ◽  
Apostolos Achimastos ◽  
Jean Bouthier ◽  
Gerard London ◽  
Michel Safar
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid Volume ◽  
Intravascular Volume ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Total Body

EFFECTS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE DRINKING WATER ON THE BODY TEMPERATURE AND WATER CONSUMPTION OF SHEEP

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Bailey ◽  
R. Hironaka ◽  
S. B Slen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Water

Temperatures in the rumen, rectum, and subcutaneous tissues of four sheep receiving [Formula: see text] pounds of alfalfa hay per day were recorded at environmental temperatures of 15 °C. and −12 °C. The temperature of the drinking water was 20 °C. when the environmental temperature was 15 °C. and variously 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30 °C. during four different periods when the environmental temperature was −12 °C. At both environmental temperatures, the temperature in the rumen was higher than that in the rectum which, in turn, was higher than that in the subcutaneous tissues. The consumption of feed caused a transient increase in the temperature in the rumen and rectum while the consumption of water caused a transient decrease in the temperature in the rumen. A reduction in environmental temperature from 15 °C. to −12 °C. caused decreases in the temperatures in the rumen, rectum, and subcutaneous tissues, and reduced water intake from about 1600 to about 800 milliliters/day. At an environmental temperature of −12 °C., the temperature of the drinking water did not influence the amount of water consumed. It did, however, have an effect on body temperature because the average temperature in the rectum was slightly higher when the drinking water was 0 °C. than when it was 30 °C.

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