Constant light suppresses sleep and circadian rhythms in pigeons without consequent sleep rebound in darkness

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (4) ◽  
pp. R945-R952 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Berger ◽  
N. H. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Dd Transitions

Sleep patterns and circadian rhythms of body temperature, activity, body weight, and electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectra of pigeons were compared among three photic conditions: a 12:12-h light-dark cycle (LD), followed successively by constant bright (LL) and dim light (DD) periods. LL suppressed non-rapid-eye-movement and rapid eye movement sleep and circadian rhythms of the measured variables without producing increased drowsiness or other physiological or behavioral changes. Sleep patterns after LL-DD transitions also showed no evidence of prior sleep deprivation during LL. Sleep latency after LL-DD transitions was 93 min longer than after L-D transitions in LD. Total sleep and EEG slow wave activity during the first 24 h in DD did not differ from D in LD. Free-running circadian rhythms subsequently reappeared in DD after LL.

Electroencephalogram analysis of non-rapid eye movement sleep in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
pp. R27-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Trachsel ◽  
I. Tobler ◽  
A. A. Borbely
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Activity ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Episode Duration ◽  
High Frequency Activity

Sleep states and power spectra of the electroencephalogram were determined for consecutive 4-s epochs during 24 h in rats that had been implanted with electrodes under deep pentobarbital anesthesia. The power spectra in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) showed marked trends: low-frequency activity (0.75-7.0 Hz) declined progressively throughout the 12-h light period (L) and remained low during most of the 12-h dark period (D); high-frequency activity (10.25-25.0 Hz) rose toward the end of L and reached a maximum at the beginning of D. Within a single NREMS episode (duration 0.5-5.0 min), slow-wave activity (0.75-4.0 Hz) increased progressively to a plateau level. The rise was approximated by a saturating exponential function: although the asymptote level of the function showed a prominent 24-h rhythm, the time constant remained relatively stable (approximately 40 s). After short interruptions of NREMS episodes, slow-wave activity rose more steeply than after long interruptions. The marked 24-h variation of maximum slow-wave activity within NREMS episodes may reflect the level of a homeostatic sleep process.

Effects of long-term use of clonazepam on nonrapid eye movement sleep patterns in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Ferri ◽  
Marco Zucconi ◽  
Sara Marelli ◽  
Giuseppe Plazzi ◽  
Carlos H. Schenck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Behavior

scholarly journals Gut microbiota depletion by chronic antibiotic treatment alters the sleep/wake architecture and sleep EEG power spectra in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukino Ogawa ◽  
Chika Miyoshi ◽  
Nozomu Obana ◽  
Kaho Yajima ◽  
Noriko Hotta-Hirashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Sleep Analysis

Abstract Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affects physiological processes, including brain functions, by altering the intestinal metabolism. Here we examined the effects of the gut microbiota on sleep/wake regulation. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 4 weeks to deplete their gut microbiota. Metabolome profiling of cecal contents in antibiotic-induced microbiota-depleted (AIMD) and control mice showed significant variations in the metabolism of amino acids and vitamins related to neurotransmission, including depletion of serotonin and vitamin B6, in the AIMD mice. Sleep analysis based on electroencephalogram and electromyogram recordings revealed that AIMD mice spent significantly less time in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) during the light phase while spending more time in NREMS and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) during the dark phase. The number of REMS episodes seen in AIMD mice increased during both light and dark phases, and this was accompanied by frequent transitions from NREMS to REMS. In addition, the theta power density during REMS was lower in AIMD mice during the light phase compared with that in the controls. Consequently, the gut microbiota is suggested to affect the sleep/wake architecture by altering the intestinal balance of neurotransmitters.

scholarly journals Rapid eye movement sleep patterns of brain activation and deactivation occur within unique functional networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (14) ◽  
pp. 3984-3992
Author(s):  
Brandt D. Uitermarkt ◽  
Joel Bruss ◽  
Kai Hwang ◽  
Aaron D. Boes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Patterns

Central administration of neuropeptide Y induces wakefulness in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. R473-R480 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Szentirmai ◽  
J. M. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Routes Of Administration

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a well-characterized neuromodulator in the central nervous system, primarily implicated in the regulation of feeding. NPY, orexins, and ghrelin form a hypothalamic food intake regulatory circuit. Orexin and ghrelin are also implicated in sleep-wake regulation. In the present experiments, we studied the sleep-modulating effects of central administration of NPY in rats. Rats received intracerebroventricular injection of physiological saline or three different doses of NPY (0.4, 2, and 10 μg in a volume of 4 μl) at light onset. Another group of rats received bilateral microinjection of saline or 2 μg NPY in the lateral hypothalamus in a volume of 0.2 μl. Sleep-wake activity and motor activity were recorded for 23 h. Food intake after the control and treatment injections was also measured on separate days. Intracerebroventricular and lateral hypothalamic administration of NPY suppressed non-rapid-eye-movement sleep and rapid-eye-movement sleep in rats during the first hour after the injection and also induced changes in electroencephalogram delta power spectra. NPY stimulated food intake in the first hour after both routes of administration. Data are consistent with the hypothesis that NPY has a role in the integration of feeding, metabolism, and sleep regulation.

scholarly journals Anesthesiology Resident Night Float Duty Alters Sleep Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren K. Dunn ◽  
Amanda M. Kleiman ◽  
Katherine T. Forkin ◽  
Allison J. Bechtel ◽  
Stephen R. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Consecutive Night ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Night Float

AbstractEditor’s PerspectiveWhat We Already Know about This TopicWhat This Article Tells Us That Is NewBackgroundResidency programs utilize night float systems to adhere to duty hour restrictions; however, the influence of night float on resident sleep has not been described. The study aim was to determine the influence of night float on resident sleep patterns and quality of sleep. We hypothesized that total sleep time decreases during night float, increases as residents acclimate to night shift work, and returns to baseline during recovery.MethodsThis was a single-center observational study of 30 anesthesia residents scheduled to complete six consecutive night float shifts. Electroencephalography sleep patterns were recorded during baseline (three nights), night float (six nights), and recovery (three nights) using the ZMachine Insight monitor (General Sleep Corporation, USA). Total sleep time; light, deep, and rapid eye movement sleep; sleep efficiency; latency to persistent sleep; and wake after sleep onset were observed.ResultsMean total sleep time ± SD was 5.9 ± 1.9 h (3.0 ± 1.2.1 h light; 1.4 ± 0.6 h deep; 1.6 ± 0.7 h rapid eye movement) at baseline. During night float, mean total sleep time was 4.5 ± 1.8 h (1.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.9, Cohen’s d = –1.1, P < 0.001) with decreases in light (2.2 ± 1.1 h, 0.7-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.1, d = –1.0, P < 0.001), deep (1.1 ± 0.7 h, 0.3-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.4, d = –0.5, P = 0.005), and rapid eye movement sleep (1.2 ± 0.6 h, 0.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.6, d = –0.9, P < 0.001). Mean total sleep time during recovery was 5.4 ± 2.2 h, which did not differ significantly from baseline; however, deep (1.0 ± 0.6 h, 0.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.6, d = –0.6, P = 0.001 *, P = 0.001) and rapid eye movement sleep (1.2 ± 0.8 h, 0.4-h decrease, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.6, d = –0.9, P < 0.001 P < 0.001) were significantly decreased.ConclusionsElectroencephalography monitoring demonstrates that sleep quantity is decreased during six consecutive night float shifts. A 3-day period of recovery is insufficient for restorative sleep (rapid eye movement and deep sleep) levels to return to baseline.

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