scholarly journals Expression and distribution of PIEZO1 in the mouse urinary tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. F303-F321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianela G. Dalghi ◽  
Dennis R. Clayton ◽  
Wily G. Ruiz ◽  
Mohammad M. Al-bataineh ◽  
Lisa M. Satlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Wall Tension ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Reporter Mice ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Tomato Gene ◽  
Touch Sensation ◽  
Sense And Respond

The proper function of the organs that make up the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra) depends on their ability to sense and respond to mechanical forces, including shear stress and wall tension. However, we have limited understanding of the mechanosensors that function in these organs and the tissue sites in which these molecules are expressed. Possible candidates include stretch-activated PIEZO channels (PIEZO1 and PIEZO2), which have been implicated in mechanically regulated body functions including touch sensation, proprioception, lung inflation, and blood pressure regulation. Using reporter mice expressing a COOH-terminal fusion of Piezo1 with the sequence for the tandem-dimer Tomato gene, we found that PIEZO1 is expressed in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra as well as organs in close proximity, including the prostate, seminal vesicles and ducts, ejaculatory ducts, and the vagina. We further found that PIEZO1 expression is not limited to one cell type; it is observed in the endothelial and parietal cells of the renal corpuscle, the basolateral surfaces of many of the epithelial cells that line the urinary tract, the interstitial cells of the bladder and ureters, and populations of smooth and striated muscle cells. We propose that in the urinary tract, PIEZO1 likely functions as a mechanosensor that triggers responses to wall tension.

scholarly journals Sprouty1 Controls Genitourinary Development via its N-Terminal Tyrosine

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1398-1411
Author(s):  
Marta Vaquero ◽  
Sara Cuesta ◽  
Carlos Anerillas ◽  
Gisela Altés ◽  
Joan Ribera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Domains ◽  
Reporter Mice ◽  
Ectopic Overexpression ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Ureteric Buds

BackgroundStudies in mice suggest that perturbations of the GDNF-Ret signaling pathway are a major genetic cause of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Mutations in Sprouty1, an intracellular Ret inhibitor, results in supernumerary kidneys, megaureters, and hydronephrosis in mice. But the underlying molecular mechanisms involved and which structural domains are essential for Sprouty1 function are a matter of controversy, partly because studies have so far relied on ectopic overexpression of the gene in cell lines. A conserved N-terminal tyrosine has been frequently, but not always, identified as critical for the function of Sprouty1 in vitro.MethodsWe generated Sprouty1 knockin mice bearing a tyrosine-to-alanine substitution in position 53, corresponding to the conserved N-terminal tyrosine of Sprouty1. We characterized the development of the genitourinary systems in these mice via different methods, including the use of reporter mice expressing EGFP from the Ret locus, and whole-mount cytokeratin staining.ResultsMice lacking this tyrosine grow ectopic ureteric buds that will ultimately form supernumerary kidneys, a phenotype indistinguishable to that of Sprouty1 knockout mice. Sprouty1 knockin mice also present megaureters and vesicoureteral reflux, caused by failure of ureters to separate from Wolffian ducts and migrate to their definitive position.ConclusionsTyrosine 53 is absolutely necessary for Sprouty1 function during genitourinary development in mice.

Stress failure in pulmonary capillaries

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1731-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. West ◽  
K. Tsukimoto ◽  
O. Mathieu-Costello ◽  
R. Prediletto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Capillary Wall ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Wall Tension ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Protein Leakage

In the mammalian lung, alveolar gas and blood are separated by an extremely thin membrane, despite the fact that mechanical failure could be catastrophic for gas exchange. We raised the pulmonary capillary pressure in anesthetized rabbits until stress failure occurred. At capillary transmural pressures greater than or equal to 40 mmHg, disruption of the capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium was seen in some locations. The three principal forces acting on the capillary wall were analyzed. 1) Circumferential wall tension caused by the transmural pressure. This is approximately 25 dyn/cm (25 mN/m) at failure where the radius of curvature of the capillary is 5 microns. This tension is small, being comparable with the tension in the alveolar wall associated with lung elastic recoil. 2) Surface tension of the alveolar lining layer. This contributes support to the capillaries that bulge into the alveolar spaces at these high pressures. When protein leakage into the alveolar spaces occurs because of stress failure, the increase in surface tension caused by surfactant inhibition could be a powerful force preventing further failure. 3) Tension of the tissue elements in the alveolar wall associated with lung inflation. This may be negligible at normal lung volumes but considerable at high volumes. Whereas circumferential wall tension is low, capillary wall stress at failure is very high at approximately 8 x 10(5) dyn/cm2 (8 x 10(4) N/m2) where the thickness is only 0.3 microns. This is approximately the same as the wall stress of the normal aorta, which is predominantly composed of collagen and elastin. The strength of the thin part of the capillary wall is probably attributable to the collagen IV of the basement membranes. The safety factor is apparently small when the capillary pressure is raised during heavy exercise. Stress failure causes increased permeability with protein leakage, or frank hemorrhage, and probably has a role in several types of lung disease.

AGE-RELATED CHANGES OF THE FEMALE URETHRA

2021 ◽  
pp. 945-955
Author(s):  
И. В. Майбородин ◽  
Г. Ю. Ярин ◽  
И. А. Вильгельми ◽  
В. И. Майбородина
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Female Urethra ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
Lower Urinary

Минимальные и максимальные показатели длины, ширины, площади или объема органов и структур нижних мочевых путей в норме могут различаться до 2-3 раз. С возрастом у здоровых женщин не меняются абсолютная и относительная длина мочеиспускательного канала, уретровезикальный угол и наклон уретры. И гладкая, и поперечнополосатая мышечные ткани, входящие в состав различных отделов женской уретры, подвергаются атрофии в процессе старения организма. Гладкая мышечная ткань менее изменчива с возрастом, но поперечнополосатые мышечные симпласты иногда полностью отсутствуют в биоптатах уретры пожилых пациентов. С возрастом уменьшаются васкуляризация и плотность иннервации структур мочеиспускательного канала, но возрастает содержание соединительной ткани в наружном сфинктере уретры. Мобильность мочеиспускательного канала у молодых женщин более выражена, чем у пожилых. Явная недостаточность современных работ, посвященных возрастным изменениям нижних мочевых путей, указывает на актуальность и необходимость продолжения изучения трансформации органов и тканей мочевыводящей системы при старении. Это может быть важным для определения этиологии и патогенеза некоторых патологических состояний, таких как стрессовое недержание мочи, а также для дифференциальной диагностики между возрастной нормой и патологией. The minimum and maximum indicators of the length, width, area or volume of organs and structures in the lower urinary tract can normally vary up to 2-3 times. With age, at healthy women the absolute and relative length of the urethra, the urethrovesical angle, and the inclination of the urethra do not change. Both smooth and striated muscle tissues, which are part of various departments of the female urethra, undergo atrophy during the aging process. Smooth muscle tissue is less variable with age, but striated muscle symplasts are sometimes completely absent in urethral biopsies from elderly patients. With age, the vascularization and density of the innervation decrease in the urethral structures, but the content of connective tissue in the external urethral sphincter increases. Urinary tract mobility at young women is more pronounced than at older women. The apparent insufficiency of modern investigations about age-related changes in the lower urinary tract indicates the relevance and need to continue studying of the organ and tissue transformation in the urinary system during aging, this may be important for determining the etiology and pathogenesis of some pathological conditions, such as stress urinary incontinence, as well as for differential diagnosis between age norm and pathology.

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering of Urinary Bladder and Urethra: Advances from Bench to Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem Orabi ◽  
Sara Bouhout ◽  
Amélie Morissette ◽  
Alexandre Rousseau ◽  
Stéphane Chabaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Assembly Technique ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Water Seal

Urinary tract is subjected to many varieties of pathologies since birth including congenital anomalies, trauma, inflammatory lesions, and malignancy. These diseases necessitate the replacement of involved organs and tissues. Shortage of organ donation, problems of immunosuppression, and complications associated with the use of nonnative tissues have urged clinicians and scientists to investigate new therapies, namely, tissue engineering. Tissue engineering follows principles of cell transplantation, materials science, and engineering. Epithelial and muscle cells can be harvested and used for reconstruction of the engineered grafts. These cells must be delivered in a well-organized and differentiated condition because water-seal epithelium and well-oriented muscle layer are needed for proper function of the substitute tissues. Synthetic or natural scaffolds have been used for engineering lower urinary tract. Harnessing autologous cells to produce their own matrix and form scaffolds is a new strategy for engineering bladder and urethra. This self-assembly technique avoids the biosafety and immunological reactions related to the use of biodegradable scaffolds. Autologous equivalents have already been produced for pigs (bladder) and human (urethra and bladder). The purpose of this paper is to present a review for the existing methods of engineering bladder and urethra and to point toward perspectives for their replacement.

scholarly journals Determinants of Anemia, Diabetes and Hypertension among Urinary Tract Infected Pregnant Women Attending in a Selected Hospital, Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Shikha Thakur ◽  
Komal Lata Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
History Of

Aims: Urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs in all age groups, more common in women due to short urethra and its close proximity to anus and vagina. UTI is defined as “microscopic finding of >10 pus cells/high power field (40x) in urine”. The purpose of the study is to find the risk factor associated with pregnancy and the different non-communicable diseases (Anemia, Diabetes and hypertension) of UTI. Study Design: A cross-sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out under the supervision of OPJS University and field study was carried out in Kathmandu, Nepal from March 2019 to October 2019. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was done among UTI pregnant 510 women aged 18 years to 45 years. A convenient sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data. Descriptive statistics along with unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) and a P < 0.05 was considered significant for data analysis. Results: Anemia, diabetes and hypertension among UTI infected pregnant women was 62.7, 32.9 and 30.2 respectively. There were significant associations between educational status, ethnicity, age and occupation of UTI infected pregnant women with anemia, diabetes and hypertension. Similarly, there was a significant association between gestational period, gestational age at the beginning of prenatal care, the gender of the infant, history of delivery and Anemia, diabetes and hypertension. Conclusions: Based on the findings the study concluded that, anemia, diabetes and hypertension remain a prevalent problem of UTI infected pregnant women.

scholarly journals Ribosome-associated Complex Binds to Ribosomes in Close Proximity of Rpl31 at the Exit of the Polypeptide Tunnel in Yeast

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 5279-5288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Peisker ◽  
Daniel Braun ◽  
Tina Wölfle ◽  
Jendrik Hentschel ◽  
Ursula Fünfschilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Multicopy Suppressor ◽  
Growth Defects ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Chaperone Complex

Ribosome-associated complex (RAC) consists of the Hsp40 homolog Zuo1 and the Hsp70 homolog Ssz1. The chaperone participates in the biogenesis of newly synthesized polypeptides. Here we have identified yeast Rpl31, a component of the large ribosomal subunit, as a contact point of RAC at the polypeptide tunnel exit. Rpl31 is encoded by RPL31a and RPL31b, two closely related genes. Δrpl31aΔrpl31b displayed slow growth and sensitivity to low as well as high temperatures. In addition, Δrpl31aΔrpl31b was highly sensitive toward aminoglycoside antibiotics and suffered from defects in translational fidelity. With the exception of sensitivity at elevated temperature, the phenotype resembled yeast strains lacking one of the RAC subunits or Rpl39, another protein localized at the tunnel exit. Defects of Δrpl31aΔrpl31bΔzuo1 did not exceed that of Δrpl31aΔrpl31b or Δzuo1. However, the combined deletion of RPL31a, RPL31b, and RPL39 was lethal. Moreover, RPL39 was a multicopy suppressor, whereas overexpression of RAC failed to rescue growth defects of Δrpl31aΔrpl31b. The findings are consistent with a model in that Rpl31 and Rpl39 independently affect a common ribosome function, whereas Rpl31 and RAC are functionally interdependent. Rpl31, while not essential for binding of RAC to the ribosome, might be involved in proper function of the chaperone complex.

Ultrastructural Localization of Acid Mucosubstance in Skeletal Muscle

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 52-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Dougherty ◽  
Samuel S. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Thorium Dioxide ◽  
Iron Solution ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Psoas Muscles ◽  
Formalin Fixed

In recent years, considerable attention has focused on the morphological nature of the excitation-contraction coupling system of striated muscle. Since the study of Porter and Palade, it has become evident that the sarcoplastic reticulum (SR) and transverse tubules constitute the major elements of this system. The problem still exists, however, of determining the mechamisms by which the signal to interdigitate is presented to the thick and thin myofilaments. This problem appears to center on the movement of Ca++ions between myofilaments and SR. Recently, Philpott and Goldstein reported acid mucosubstance associated with the SR of fish branchial muscle using the colloidal thorium dioxide technique, and suggested that this material may serve to bind or release divalent cations such as Ca++. In the present study, Hale's iron solution adapted to electron microscopy was applied to formalin-fixed myofibrils isolated from glycerol-extracted rabbit psoas muscles and to frozen sections of formalin-fixed rat psoas muscles.

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