Neural not tubular dopamine increases glomerular filtration rate in perfused rat kidneys

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (4) ◽  
pp. F674-F679 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Baines ◽  
R. Drangova
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sch 23390 ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
Fractional Sodium Excretion ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonists ◽  
Chronic Denervation ◽  
Endogenous Substrates

We examined the effect of endogenous neural and tubular dopamine production on renal function in isolated perfused kidneys. Nerves and proximal tubules in perfused kidneys produce dopamine from endogenous substrates. Surgical denervation 5-14 days before perfusion removed neural dopamine production and decreased dopamine excretion 32% (P less than 0.05), inulin clearance 7% (P less than 0.05), and sodium excretion 57% (P less than 0.01). Carbidopa, which abolished neural and tubular dopamine production, produced similar functional effects. Haloperidol, Sch 23390, and (+)butaclamol, but not (-)butaclamol, added during perfusion increased renovascular resistance 4-5% (P less than 0.001) and decreased inulin clearance 20% (P less than 0.001). Sch 23390 reduced fractional sodium excretion (P less than 0.01), but haloperidol and butaclamol did not. Chronic denervation or carbidopa blocked the reduction of inulin clearance by haloperidol, but alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists did not. Fractional sodium excretion increased after adding haloperidol to denervated or adrenergic blocked kidneys. Denervation blocked the effect of Sch 23390 on inulin clearance but not on sodium excretion. Haloperidol inhibited dopamine excretion. Thus dopamine released from acutely severed nerves in perfused kidneys increases glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Dopamine produced by tubules of chronically denervated kidneys did not influence GFR but stimulated sodium excretion by an Sch 23390-sensitive mechanism.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF RENOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF ERYTROPOETIN DERIVATIVES ON THE KIDNEY ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Elagin ◽  
D. A. Kostina ◽  
O. I. Bratchikov ◽  
M. V. Pokrovsky ◽  
T. G. Pokrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Fractional Sodium Excretion ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Microcirculatory Disorders

Aim.The research was designed to study the renoprotective properties of erythropoietin derivatives on the kidney ischemiareperfusion experimental model.Materials and methods.The renoprotective properties of asialo erythropoietin (0.4 μg/kg and 2.4 μg/kg 30 minutes before the induction of ischemia) and carbamylated darbepoetin (50 μg/kg 24 hours before the ischemic stimulus) were studied in comparison with erythropoietin and darbepoetin in a series of experiments on male Wistar rats on a 40-minute bilateral model of renal ischemia-reperfusion. The renoprotective properties were evaluated by the results of biochemical markers of acute kidney injury, the dynamics of glomerular filtration rate and fractional sodium excretion, as well as the severity of microcirculatory disorders.Results.It was found that the prophylactic use of asialo erythropoietin (dose-dependent) and carbamylated darbepoetin leads to a decrease in the serum concentration of markers of acute renal damage, an increase in the glomerular filtration rate, a decrease in fractional sodium excretion, and a decrease in microcirculatory disorders.Conclusion.Asialo erythropoietin and carbamylated darbepoetin have the pronounced renoprotective properties and are the promising agents for the prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury.

Renal Function Correlates of Postnatal Diuresis in Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshid S. Bidiwala ◽  
John M. Lorenz ◽  
Leonard I. Kleinman
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Fractional Sodium Excretion ◽  
The Face

A characteristic pattern of fluid homeostasis occurs in the first week of life in many preterm infants. Initially, urine output is low independent of fluid intake, subsequently a diuresis occurs, and finally urine output begins to vary with intake. Renal clearance measurements were made during each of these three phases to elucidate the renal mechanisms involved. Periods during which the ratio of urine output to fluid intake was ≥1 and urine output was ≥3 mL/kg/h were defined as diuretic. Of 22 preterm infants studied from 12 to 120 hours of age, 17 had at least one period of diuresis. In these infants, urine output, fluid intake rate, output to intake ratio, glomerular filtration rate, and fractional sodium excretion were lowest at 12 to 24 hours of age. During diuresis, urine output tripled without a significant change in fluid intake so that output to intake increased to levels exceeding unity. Diuresis was associated with significant increases in glomerular filtration rate and fractional sodium excretion. By 108 to 120 hours of age, urine output decreased despite an increase in fluid intake. This was accompanied by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. These results suggest that the initial antidiuretic phase is the result of a low fractional sodium excretion in the face of a low glomerular filtration rate. Subsequently, diuresis and natriuresis occur as a result of abrupt, nonmaturational increases in glomerular filtration rate and fractional sodium excretion. With cessation of diuresis, glomerular filtration rate and fractional sodium excretion decrease and water and electrolyte output begin to vary appropriately with intake.

Effect of Proportional Reduction of Sodium Intake on the Adaptive Increase in Glomerular Filtration Rate/Nephron and Potassium and Phosphate Excretion in Chronic Renal Failure in the Rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Espinel
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phosphate Excretion

1. The influence of dietary sodium intake on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR/nephron) and potassium and phosphate excretion was examined at three stages of progressive chronic renal failure produced in rats by sequential partial nephrectomies. 2. The adaptive increased sodium excretion per nephron in the control group receiving a constant sodium intake did not occur in the experimental group that had a gradual reduction of dietary sodium in direct proportion to the fall in GFR. 3. Despite the difference in sodium excretion, the increase in GFR/nephron, the daily variation in the amount of potassium and phosphate excreted, the increase in potassium and phosphate excretion per unit nephron, and the plasma potassium and phosphate concentrations were the same in the two groups. 4. The concept of ‘autonomous adaptation’ in chronic renal failure is presented.

Renal glomerular filtration rate and hepatic blood flow during voluntary diving in Weddell seals

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (5) ◽  
pp. R743-R748 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Davis ◽  
M. A. Castellini ◽  
G. L. Kooyman ◽  
R. Maue
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
Icg Clearance ◽  
The Mean

Renal and hepatic function were studied during voluntary dives in Weddell seals by measuring the clearance rate of inulin and indocyanine green (ICG). Inulin is cleared exclusively by the kidneys and measures renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). ICG is cleared by the liver and is blood flow dependent at concentrations used. Studies were conducted from a portable hut with a trapdoor placed over an isolated hole in the sea ice near McMurdo Station, Antarctica. An intravertebral extradural catheter was inserted percutaneously under light anesthesia in subadult seals weighing 130-200 kg. When released into the ice hole, the seals made voluntary dives, but always had to return to breathe. Serial blood samples were taken after single injections of inulin and ICG and analyzed within 24 h. The mean half time (t 1/2) for inulin clearance while resting at the surface was 27.3 +/- 13.0 min (n = 43) and the mean t 1/2 for ICG clearance was 18.3 +/- 7.3 min (n = 23). The mean resting GFR was 3.6 ml X min-1 X kg-1 (range 3.2-3.9, n = 3). Inulin and ICG clearance rates did not change from resting levels during dives shorter than the seal's aerobic dive limit (ADL). Inulin clearance decreased over 90% during dives longer than the ADL, but there was no significant reduction in ICG clearance during dives lasting up to 23 min. It appears that normal renal GFR and hepatic blood flow continue during natural aerobic dives. During dives that exceed the ADL, GFR is reduced but hepatic blood flow may be maintained.

Effects of growth hormone and IGF-I on renal function in rats with normal and reduced renal mass

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. F747-F751 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Miller ◽  
V. A. Hansen ◽  
M. R. Hammerman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Igf I

To characterize actions of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor ( (IGF-I) on renal function in rats with normal and reduced renal mass, we administered recombinant bovine growth hormone (bGH) or human IGF-I (hIGF-I) to normal rats or to rats that had undergone unilateral nephrectomy and two-thirds infarction of the contralateral kidney, and measured inulin and p-aminohippurate clearances over 10-17 days. Administration of either bGH (100-200 micrograms/day) or hIGF-I (200 micrograms/day) to rats with normal renal mass increased inulin and p-aminohippurate clearances compared with those measured in animals that received vehicle. Filtration fractions were not affected by either bGH or hIGF-I. Inulin clearance was decreased to approximately 17% of normal 1 day after reduction of renal mass in rats. Over the next 3 days insulin clearance increased significantly in rats with reduced renal mass that were administered vehicle. No further enhancement occurred during the next 7 days. Neither bGH nor hIGF-I affected inulin clearance in rats with reduced renal mass. We conclude that both GH and IGF-I enhance glomerular filtration rate when administered to rats with normal renal mass, but not when administered in the same quantities to rats in which renal functional mass is reduced. Glomerular filtration rate increases within 4 days of renal mass reduction independent of exogenous GH or IGF-I.

Renal and hemodynamic effects of losartan in conscious dogs during controlled mechanical ventilation

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (3) ◽  
pp. F425-F432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O. Krebs ◽  
Thorsten Kröhn ◽  
Willehad Boemke ◽  
Rainer Mohnhaupt ◽  
Gabriele Kaczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Controlled Mechanical Ventilation

In 12 conscious dogs, we investigated whether the angiotensin II-receptor antagonist losartan increases renal sodium excretion and urine volume during controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) with positive end-expiratory pressure. In four experimental protocols, the dogs were extracellular volume (ECV) expanded (electrolyte solution, 0.5 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1iv) or not and received losartan (100 μg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1iv) or not. They breathed spontaneously during the 1st and 4th hour and received CMV with positive end-expiratory pressure (mean airway pressure 20 cmH2O) during the 2nd and 3rd hours. In the expansion group, dogs with losartan excreted ∼18% more sodium (69 ± 7 vs. 38 ± 5 μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg−1) and 15% more urine during the 2 h of CMV because of a higher glomerular filtration rate (5.3 ± 0.3 vs. 4.5 ± 0.2 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg−1) and the tubular effects of losartan. In the group without expansion, sodium excretion (2.0 ± 0.6 vs. 2.6 ± 1.0 μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg−1) and glomerular filtration rate (3.8 ± 0.3 vs. 3.8 ± 0.4 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg−1) did not change, and urine volume decreased similarly in both groups during CMV. Plasma vasopressin and aldosterone increased in both groups, and plasma renin activity increased from 4.9 ± 0.7 to 7.8 ± 1.3 ng ANG I ⋅ ml−1 ⋅ h−1during CMV in nonexpanded dogs without losartan. Mean arterial pressure decreased by 10 mmHg in nonexpanded dogs with losartan. In conclusion, losartan increases sodium excretion and urine volume during CMV if the ECV is expanded. If the ECV is not expanded, a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and/or an increase in aldosterone and vasopressin during CMV attenuates the renal effects of losartan.

RELATION OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND SODIUM TUBULAR REJECTION FRACTION TO RENAL SODIUM EXCRETION

1950 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Green ◽  
W. C. Bridges ◽  
A. D. Johnson ◽  
J. H. Lehman ◽  
F. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Sodium Excretion

Natriuretic effect of atriopeptin III in rats with papillary necrosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (5) ◽  
pp. F859-F865 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Garcia-Estan ◽  
K. Takezawa ◽  
R. J. Roman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Papilla ◽  
Papillary Necrosis ◽  
Juxtamedullary Nephron ◽  
Natriuretic Effect

This study compared the effects of atriopeptin III (AP III) on sodium excretion and renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure (RIHP) in control rats and in rats pretreated with 2-bromoethylamine (BEA) to produce papillary necrosis. In control rats, infusion of AP III (100 ng.kg-1.min-1) increased sodium excretion from 2.2 +/- 0.7 to 6.4 +/- 0.9 microeq.min-1.g kidney wt-1 and RIHP from 6.8 +/- 0.7 to 8.7 +/- 0.9 mmHg, whereas glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were unaltered. Similar results were obtained in rats pretreated with BEA 48 h before the experiment. In rats studied 6 wk after BEA treatment, the papilla was absent and there was atrophy of juxtamedullary nephrons. AP III did not alter sodium excretion or RIHP in this group of rats. These results indicate that 1) an intact renal papilla and/or juxtamedullary nephron population may be required for the natriuretic effect of AP III; 2) the papillary injury 48 h after BEA is not sufficient to abolish the natriuretic response to AP III; and 3) elevations in RIHP may play a role in the natriuretic response to AP III.

scholarly journals Clogging of the glomerular basement membrane.

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y S Kanwar ◽  
L J Rosenzweig
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
Selective Filter

The negative charges of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were differentially neutralized by perfusin with high molarity buffers in order to determine whether or not these charges protect the GBM from being clogged by circulating plasma macromolecules. Progressive elimination of the negative charges resulted in clogging of the GBM by perfused native ferritin (NF) and bovine serum albumin as evidenced ultrastructurally by the increase in accumulation of NF in the GBM. In addition, the permeability of the GBM to 125I-insulin, a macromolecule which is normally freely permeable, and the glomerular filtration rate (as determined by [3H]inulin clearance) were markedly reduced after the GBM had been clogged with NF in the presence of high molarity buffer, thereby indicating that clogging severely reduces the ability of the GMB to act as a selective filter. These findings are consistent with the idea that the sulfated GAGs of the GBM serve as anticlogging agents.

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