Embolic fat as a measure of adequacy of various oxygenators

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Owens ◽  
Jesse E. Adams ◽  
H. W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Vascular Tree ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Sudan Iv ◽  
Membrane Oxygenators

Previous work has demonstrated that prolonged employment of the filming oxygenator in bypass procedures is associated with considerable deposition of embolic fat within the vascular tree of both humans and experimental animals. Mongrel dogs were subjected to 2 hours of cardiopulmonary bypass in which macrobubble and membrane oxygenators were employed. All other conditions were standardized. All animals were sacrificed shortly after restoration of normal clotting and cardiac function. Brain, lung, liver and kidney specimens were fixed for 24 hours in 10% formalin, after which frozen sections were made and stained with Sudan IV and hematoxylin. Embolic fat was found extensively in brain, liver and kidney tissue in the five animals in which the macrobubble device had been employed. The quantity of fat appeared similar to that previously noted in animals in which the filming device had been used. No fat emboli were noted in tissues obtained from the four animals exposed to the membrane oxygenator. This suggests that the direct contact of blood and gas contributes to the development of embolic fat. Submitted on June 15, 1960

Blood compatibility of two different types of membrane oxygenator during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.J. Gu ◽  
P.W. Boonstra ◽  
C. Akkerman ◽  
H. Mungroop ◽  
I. Tigchelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Blood Compatibility ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Fibre Membrane ◽  
Membrane Oxygenators ◽  
Flat Sheet Membrane ◽  
Sheet Membrane

The contact of blood with the artificial extracorporeal circuit causes a systemic inflammatory response due to blood activation. In this study, we compared two different paediatric membrane oxygenators used for extracorporeal circulation: a hollow fibre membrane oxygenator (Dideco Masterflo D-701, n=10), and a flat sheet silicone membrane oxygenator (Avecor Kolobow 800-2A, n=10). Blood compatibility was indicated by measuring complement activation as well as leukocyte and platelet activation. In patients perfused with a flat sheet membrane oxygenator, concentrations of complement split products C3a were significantly increased 30 minutes after the start of bypass (p<0.01), whereas only a mild increase of C3a was found in patients perfused with a hollow fibre membrane oxygenator. Leukocyte and platelet counts dropped uniformly in both groups after the start of bypass mainly due to hemodilution. Activation of leukocytes and platelets identified by both plasma β-glucuronidase and β-thromboglobulin was similar in both groups. Infants perfused with a flat sheet membrane oxygenator received significantly more donor blood than those perfused with a hollow fibre oxygenator (p<0.05). These results indicate that when used during paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass, a flat sheet membrane oxygenator has a higher complement activity than a hollow fibre membrane oxygenator, which is probably due to the relatively larger blood-surface contacting area of the oxygenator.

Effect of bacterial endotoxemia on succinic dehydrogenase of liver and kidney of rabbit

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cascarano ◽  
A. D. Rubin ◽  
A. K. Neumann ◽  
B. W. Zweifach
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Lethal Doses

The in vivo inhibition of liver and kidney succinic dehydrogenase by administration of lethal doses of bacterial endotoxin ( Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhosa) was investigated. Quantitative determinations conducted on tissue homogenates revealed significant inhibition of activity only in liver of rabbits injected with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The histochemical distribution of succinic dehydrogenase in fresh frozen sections of kidney was the same in both control and experimental animals. However, the centrolobular areas of liver appeared considerably depressed in activity in both E. coli and S. typhosa endotoxin-treated animals. These data, along with those presented by other studies in the literature, suggest that the action of endotoxin appears to be restricted to certain cells.

Testing neonate-infant membrane oxygenators with the University of Texas neonatal pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass system in vitro

Perfusion ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akif Ündar ◽  
Marian C Holland ◽  
Russel V Howelton ◽  
Cherie K Benson ◽  
Jose R Ybarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Pulsatile Flow ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Ejection Time ◽  
Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Membrane Oxygenators ◽  
The University

Neurologic complications are already well documented after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures in neonates and infants. Physiologic pulsatile flow CPB systems may be the alternative to the currently used steady-flow CPB circuits. In addition to the pulsatile pump, a membrane oxygenator should be chosen carefully, because only a few membrane oxygenators are suitable for physiologic pulsatile flow. We have tested four different types of neonate-infant membrane oxygenators for physiologic pulsatility with The University of Texas neonate-infant pulsatile CPB system in vitro. Evaluation criteria were based on mean ejection time, extracorporeal circuit (ECC) pressure, and upstroke of d p/d t. The results suggested that the Capiox 308 hollow-fibre membrane oxygenator produced the best physiologic pulsatile waveform according to the ejection time, ECC pressure, and the upstroke of d p/d t. The Minimax Plus and Masterflo Infant hollow-fibre membrane oxygenators also produced adequate pulsatile flow. Only the Variable Prime Cobe Membrane Lung (VPCML) Plus flat-sheet membrane oxygenator failed to reach the criteria for physiologic pulsatility. Depending on the oxygenator used, the lowest priming volume of the infant CPB circuit was 415 ml and the highest 520 ml.

In Vivo  Uptake and Elimination of Isoflurane by Different Membrane Oxygenators during Cardiopulmonary Bypass

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Wiesenack ◽  
Gunther Wiesner ◽  
Cornelius Keyl ◽  
Michael Gruber ◽  
Alois Philipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Volatile Agent ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Isoflurane Concentration ◽  
Membrane Oxygenators ◽  
In Vivo Uptake

Background Volatile anesthetics are frequently used during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to maintain anesthesia. Uptake and elimination of the volatile agent are dependent on the composition of the oxygenator. This study was designed to evaluate whether the in vivo uptake and elimination of isoflurane differs between microporous membrane oxygenators containing a conventional polypropylene (PPL) membrane and oxygenators with a new poly-(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) membrane measuring isoflurane concentrations in blood. Methods Twenty-four patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery with the aid of CPB were randomly allocated to one of four groups, using either one of two different PPL-membrane oxygenators for CPB or one of two different PMP-membrane oxygenators. During hypothermic CPB, 1% isoflurane in an oxygen-air mixture was added to the oxygenator gas inflow line (gas flow, 3 l/min) for 15 min. Isoflurane concentration was measured in blood and in exhaust gas at the outflow port of the oxygenator. Between-group comparisons were performed for the area under the curve (AUC) during uptake and elimination of the isoflurane blood concentrations, the maximum isoflurane blood concentration (C(max)), and the exhausted isoflurane concentration (F(E)). Results The uptake of isoflurane, expressed as AUC of isoflurane blood concentration and a function of F(E), was significantly reduced in PMP oxygenators compared to PPL oxygenators (P &lt; 0.01). C(max) was between 8.5 and 13 times lower in the PMP-membrane oxygenator groups compared to the conventional PPL-membrane oxygenator groups (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions The uptake of isoflurane into blood via PMP oxygenators during CPB is severely limited. This should be taken into consideration in cases using such devices.

HORMONAL EFFECTS ON LIVER AND KIDNEY CYTOPLASM

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. REID
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Fraction ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Hormonal Effects ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Microsome Fraction

SUMMARY 1. Differential centrifugation, in 0·25 m sucrose solution, has been performed with rat liver and kidney tissue to ascertain whether the yield and composition of the cytoplasmic fractions (mitochondrial, microsome and supernatant fractions) depend on the hormonal status of the animal. 2. After hypophysectomy the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the mitochondrial fraction from liver underwent a decrease (in terms of body weight) which was sufficient to account for the fall in the RNA of the liver as a whole. There was also a decrease in the yield of the mitochondrial fraction. Administration of pituitary growth hormone (GH) to hypophysectomized rats not only restored to normal the amount of RNA in the mitochondrial fraction and the yield of that fraction, but also led to an apparent shift of RNA from the microsome fraction to the supernatant fraction. A further change observed after hypophysectomy, whether or not GH had been given, was a rise in the yield of the microsome fraction. Hypophysectomized rats given thyrotrophin (TSH) did not show significant cytoplasmic changes as found with untreated hypophysectomized rats, but it was not possible to conclude that TSH had actually reversed the effects of hypophysectomy. 3. Castrated rats showed no abnormalities in the yields of the liver cytoplasmic fractions or in the concentration of RNA in the fractions. Alloxan-diabetic rats showed a rise in the yield of the supernatant fraction from liver. 4. Untreated adrenalectomized rats showed a rise in liver deoxyribonucleic acid, a fall in the yield of the liver mitochondrial fraction, but not in the amount of RNA in that fraction, and a rise in the amount of RNA in the supernatant fraction. Replacement therapy with various adrenocorticoids was attempted, with only partial success. 5. In contrast with the RNA content, the phospholipid content of the liver cytoplasmic fractions was not, in general, dependent on hormonal status. 6. Determinations of the yield and composition (RNA and phospholipid) of the cytoplasmic fractions from kidney disclosed certain hormonal effects, differing from those observed with liver; for example, the kidneys from hypophysectomized rats furnished microsome fractions in lowered yield but with an increased concentration of RNA.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Caffeic Acid on Diabetes and Its Complications in the Mouse

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3262
Author(s):  
Nada Oršolić ◽  
Damir Sirovina ◽  
Dyana Odeh ◽  
Goran Gajski ◽  
Vedran Balta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Atherogenic Indices ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Diabetic dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia contribute to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to deleterious complications, such as nephropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiac dysfunction, and target major organs in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeic acid (CA) on mouse weight and survival, serum level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid parameters and atherogenic indices, oxidative damage in blood, liver and kidney tissue, pathophysiological changes and their function markers in healthy and alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced in mice with a single intravenous injection of alloxan (75 mg kg−1). Two days later, CA (50 mg kg−1) was given intraperitoneally for seven days in diabetic mice. Diabetes affected glucose level, lipid profile, hematological and biochemical parameters, induced DNA damage and apoptotic/necrotic death in whole blood cells, liver and kidney, leading to weight loss and a decreased lifespan. CA treatment of diabetic mice revealed a protective effect on the liver and kidney, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties and high protection against atherogenic outcomes. The obtained results suggest that CA is a safe and potent agent against diabetes that acts as an effective antioxidant in reducing serum glucose, lipid profile and atherogenic indices, leading to increased lifespan in mice.

Membrane oxygenator prevents lung reperfusion injury in canine cardiopulmonary bypass

1991 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.J. Gu ◽  
Y.S. Wang ◽  
B.Y. Chiang ◽  
X.D. Gao ◽  
C.X. Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator
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