Pulmonary afferent activity recorded from sympathetic nerves

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Kostreva ◽  
E. J. Zuperku ◽  
G. L. Hess ◽  
R. L. Coon ◽  
J. P. Kampine
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Afferent Activity ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Rami Communicantes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Upper Thoracic

This study in mongrel dogs, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, verified the existence of pulmonary receptors whose afferents traverse the right and left upper thoracic white rami communicantes. These receptors responded to lung inflation as well as pinching of the lung parenchyma and were nonadapting in nature. In some fibers, increases in afferent activity were also observed when the pulmonary artery and veins were mechanically stimulated by probing. Conduction velocities of these afferents were measured in single-fiber preparations and were of the Adelta fiber type.

Sympathetic afferent nerve activity of right heart origin

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Kostreva ◽  
EJ Zuperku ◽  
RV Purtock ◽  
RL Coon ◽  
JP Kampine
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
The Right ◽  
Upper Thoracic

Six mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and paralyzed with gallamine triethiodide were studied on total cardiopulmonary bypass. This study verified the existence of right heart mechanoreceptors whose afferent nerves traverse the upper thoracic white rami communicantes. these mechanoreceptors were studied by observing changes in average maximum, and total nerve spike frequency when right atrial and right ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures were altered by means of intracardiac balloons. Receptors that responded to volume and pressure changes were found in both the right atrium and right ventricle. Nerve activity in these afferents increased with increasing right atrial and right ventricular pressures. These mechanoreceptors were more responsive in the upper physiological ranges of right heart pressures. In most nerve fibers studied, maximum activity occurred during both right atrial and right ventricular diastole.

Pericardial mechanoreceptors with phrenic afferents

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. H1836-H1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Kostreva ◽  
S. P. Pontus
Keyword(s):  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Afferent Activity ◽  
Fibrous Layer ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Anatomic Distribution ◽  
Phrenic Nerves ◽  
The Right

Pericardial mechanoreceptors with afferents in the phrenic nerves were studied in anesthetized dogs. The specific aims determined 1) if pericardial receptors with phrenic afferents exist in the dog; 2) the stimuli needed to activate these receptors; 3) the anatomic distribution of these pericardial receptors; and 4) which pericardial layer contains the receptors. Afferent activity was recorded from the phrenic nerves while the pericardium was probed. In 15 of 18 animals, pericardial receptors were found on the right side. In 12 of 18 animals pericardial receptors were located on the left side. Most of the mechanoreceptors were found in a band that paralleled the pericardiophrenic attachment, in the fibrous layer of the pericardium, overlying the atria and atrioventricular grooves. Some receptors had a cardiac rhythm, whereas others were stimulated by the inflating lung. None of the receptors were chemosensitive to capsaicin, bradykinin, or saline. This study is the first to demonstrate that the pericardium of the dog contains mechanosensitive receptors which are innervated by the phrenic nerve.

Evaluation of β-Adrenerglc Blocking Agents in Presence of Adrenergic Tone

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
Victor Elharrar ◽  
Reginald A. Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Sinus Node ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
Blocking Agents ◽  
Sinus Node Artery ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
The Right

The importance of the level of adrenergic tone in the determination of the dose–response curve to noradrenaline (NA) and in the evaluation of β-adrenergic blocking agents was studied in open-chest sodium pentobarbital anesthetized dogs by injecting drugs directly into the sinus node artery. Changes in the level of adrenergic tone by stimulating the right stellate ganglion resulted in variation of the observed chronotropic response to NA and of its ED50. The chronotropic responses were corrected by taking into account the underlying adrenergic tone. The negative chronotropic effect of dl-propranolol (1 and 10 μg) appeared to be related to its β-blocking properties and not to its quinidine-like effects as shown by the lack of effect of d-propranolol injected at the same doses. The magnitude of the negative chronotropic effects of 10 μg of propranolol and 100 μg of practolol, oxprenolol, and sotalol was shown to be related to the initial heart rate and consequently to the level of adrenergic tone. The comparison of these four β-blocking agents was carried out on corrected dose-response curves to NA. Their relative potencies were found to be: propranolol > oxprenolol > practolol > sotalol, corresponding to ratios of 1, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]

Pressure-flow and volume-flow relationships of the systemic circulation of the dog

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Green
Keyword(s):  
Volume Flow ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Right Atrial Pressure ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Right

Mean systemic pressure-flow (Ps-Q) and volume-flow (V-Q) relationships of the systemic vascular bed were determined in two groups of dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (group I) and with methoxyflurane (group II). All blood returning to the heart (Q) was removed from the right atrial appendage and passed through a Starling resistor, a pump, a flowmeter , and then returned directly into the pulmonary artery. Ps was estimated from plateau values of right atrial pressure obtained during stop-flow procedures. Both the Ps-Q and V-Q relationships were nonlinear. This nonlinearity may be attributed to a redistribution of blood flow between systemic vascular compartments of unequal time constants. With group II, the Ps-Q and V-Q curves were shifted markedly to the right along the Ps and V axes, respectively. Evidence is presented which suggests that this shift was due to an effective back pressure other than right atrial pressure produced by a hepatic waterfall. The beta-adrenergic antagonist practolol increased the effective back pressure and augmented the shift in the Ps-Q and V-Q curves.

Extradural Thoracic Arteriovenous Malformation in a Patient with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1275-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Alexander ◽  
Peter M. Grossi ◽  
Robert F. Spetzler ◽  
Cameron G. McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Lower Extremity Weakness ◽  
Thyrocervical Trunk ◽  
Weber Syndrome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cutaneous Hemangioma ◽  
The Right ◽  
Upper Thoracic

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Spinal cord involvement in Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber (KTW) syndrome is rare. Cases of intradural spinal cord arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have been associated with this syndrome. Likewise, cases of epidural hemangioma and angiomyolipoma have been reported to occur at the same segmental level as cutaneous hemangioma in KTW syndrome. This report details a rare case of an extradural thoracic AVM in a patient with KTW syndrome. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 30-year-old man presented with a 10-month history of progressive myelopathy, bilateral lower-extremity weakness, and numbness, with the right side affected more than the left. His symptoms had progressed to the point that he was unable to walk. The patient had the characteristic manifestations of KTW syndrome, including numerous cutaneous angiomas and cavernomas, limb hypertrophy and syndactyly, and limb venous malformations. A magnetic resonance imaging scan and subsequent angiogram demonstrated a large extradural AVM causing cord compression at the T3–T4 levels. INTERVENTION The patient underwent two separate endovascular procedures, including embolization of upper thoracic and thyrocervical trunk feeders. Subsequently, he underwent T1–T4 laminectomy and microsurgical excision of the AVM. Clinically, the patient improved such that he could walk without assistance. CONCLUSION KTW syndrome represents a spectrum of clinical presentations. Although involvement of the spinal cord is uncommon, the manifestations of this syndrome may include both intradural and extradural AVMs in addition to various tumors.

Depressor responses to stimulation of sympathetic afferents in monkeys and dogs

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. R23-R28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Kostreva ◽  
F. A. Hopp ◽  
J. P. Kampine
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Depressor Response ◽  
Stellate Ganglia ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
C Fiber ◽  
Cervical Vagotomy ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Stimulation Of

In dogs and monkeys anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, stimulation of the cut central ends of the stellate cardiac nerve, the left and right anterior ansae subclavia, and the stellate ganglia resulted in a depressor response when stimulating fibers with conduction velocities in the range of 2.5-10 m/s. These afferents are in the A delta-fiber-type range. Pressor responses could be elicited by stimulating afferent fibers with conduction velocities in the range of 0.5-3.0 m/s. These fibers are in the C-fiber-type range. Stimulation of the abdominal sympathetic afferents always resulted in a depressor response regardless of the conduction velocities of the fibers. No changes in heart rate were observed. Bilateral cervical vagotomy did not alter the pressor or depressor responses.

Nasopharyngeal reflexes: role of brain monoamines in central integration. a review

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Saxon White ◽  
Anthony Quail
Keyword(s):  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Independent Mechanism ◽  
Vagal Nerves ◽  
Intact Brain ◽  
Output Component ◽  
Trigeminal Nerves ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptor

The nasopharyngeal reflex in the rabbit (respiratory suppression, activation of vagal and sympathetic nerves, and reduction in oxygen usage) is initiated by trigeminal nerves and is enhanced by the arterial baroreceptor and by loss of lung inflation afferent activity. A review of (i) the functional anatomy of central nervous catecholamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine pathways participating in cardiorespiratory regulation, (ii) studies of the reflex in pontine, thalamic, and intact-brain rabbits in which the arterial baroreceptor and lung inflation inputs were manipulated, and (iii) studies of the reflex in rabbits in which central nervous catecholamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were depleted indicates that the trigeminal nerve can initiate the reflex pattern during maintained ventilation at the ponto-medullo-spinal level through interactions that may include convergence with glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves in the nucleus of the solitary tract. By contrast, loss of lung inflation activity in itself activates vagal and sympathetic pathways through interactions with arterial baroreceptor activity and diencephalic influences. The vagal output component of the reflex is relatively independent of either central nervous monoamine, but the sympathetic vasoconstrictor component appears clearly dependent on central nervous catecholamine and, to a much lesser extent, on 5-hydroxytryptamine. Both monoamines play a role in respiratory suppression. Pentobarbitone blocks centrally the vagal output component of the nasopharyngeal reflex by a monoamine-independent mechanism. The findings provide a framework for testing postulates concerning central nervous catecholamine integration and neurotransmitter control of submergence reflexes in diving species.

Hypertrophy and proliferation of skeletal muscle fibers from aged quail

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Carson ◽  
M. Yamaguchi ◽  
S. E. Alway
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Fiber Type Distribution ◽  
Distribution Shifts ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this study was to determined whether fibers in the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle from aged Japanese quail have decreased hypertrophic or proliferative responses to 30 days of stretch overload compared with fibers from adult birds. Two groups of quail were studied, 12-wk-old quail (adult; n = 16) and 90-wk-old quail (aged; n = 16). The left wing of each bird was overloaded with a weight corresponding to 10% of the bird's body weight, and the right wing served as the intra-animal control. Quails were killed after 30 days of stretch overload. Total fiber number was quantified by counting all the fibers in a transverse section from the midbelly of the ALD muscle. ALD muscles in aged quails retained the capacity to increase their muscle mass (145%), total fiber number (49%), and fiber cross-sectional area (54%) in response to stretch overload. The ALD muscle in aged quail had a significantly lower increase in muscle mass (33%) and mass corrected for nonmuscle tissue (36%) compared with the ALD from young adult birds. Age had no effect on fiber type distribution shifts with stretch. These results suggest that although muscles in old birds have a substantial ability to adapt to enlarge, stretch-induced hypertrophy is attenuated in muscles from old quail.

Posttraumatic intercostal pulmonary herniation – case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Wall Defect ◽  
The Right ◽  
Car Accident

Introduction: Pulmonary hernias are rare conditions, most are the results of an injury or previous thoracic surgery. Case report: We present a case of a 48-year-old woman injured in a car accident. The examination in the trauma centre revealed a chest injury with herniation of the lung parenchyma into the chest wall and fractures of long bones of lower limbs. Initially, an osteosynthesis of the left femur and the right tibia fracture were performed. The patient underwent a subsequent surgery to repair the pulmonary hernia. Conclusion: A pulmonary hernia is diagnosed either directly during a clinical examination or by imaging. A sovereign diagnostic method is a computed tomography. The method of treatment is a surgical repair with primary suture of the chest wall defect or implantation of a mesh to repair the pulmonary hernia.

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