Control of ventilation during intravenous CO2 loading in the awake dog

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Stremel ◽  
D. J. Huntsman ◽  
R. Casaburi ◽  
B. J. Whipp ◽  
K. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Control Of Ventilation ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Co2 Sensitivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

The ventilatory response to venous CO2 loading and its effect on arterial CO2 tension was determined in five awake dogs. Blood, 200–500 ml/min, was diverted from a catheter in the right common carotid artery through a membrane gas exchanger and returned to the right jugular vein. CO2 loading was accomplished by changing the gas ventilating the gas exchanger from a mixture of 5% CO2 in air to 100% CO2. The ventilatory responses to this procedure were compared with those resulting from increased inspired CO2 concentrations (during which ventilation of the gas exchanger with the air and 5% CO2 mixture continued). The ventilatory response to each form of CO2 loading was computed as deltaVE/deltaPaco9. The mean ventilatory response to airway CO2 loading was 1.61 1/min per Torr PaCO2. The mean response for the venous CO2 loading was significantly higher and not significantly different from “infinite” CO2 sensitivity (i.e., isocapnic response). The results provide further evidence for a CO2-linked hyperpnea, not mediated by significant changes in mean arterial PCO2.

scholarly journals Variations in the anatomical relationship between the common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein: An ultrasonographic study

2015 ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Umaña Perea ◽  
Alberto Federico García ◽  
José Luis Castillo García ◽  
Luis Alfonso Bustamante Cristancho ◽  
Juan Sebastián Martínez Collazos
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Anterior Position ◽  
Anatomical Relationship ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

Introduction: The internal jugular vein locates anterior or anterolateral to the common carotid artery in two-thirds of the subjects studied by ultrasound when the head is in a rotated position. Aim: To identify variables associated with the anterior location of the internal jugular vein. Methods: Ultrasound examinations were performed with the patients in the supine position, with the head rotated to the opposite side. The proximal third of the neck was visualized transversely with a 7.5-mHz transducer. The relationship between the vessels was described in accordance with the proportion of the artery overlapped by the vein. Univariate comparisons and a multivariate analysis of potential variables that may affect the anatomic relationships were performed. Results: Seventy-eight patients were included, 44 of whom were men. The patients' ages ranged from 17 to 90 years (median 64.0, interquartile range 41-73). The right and left sides were studied 75 and 73 times, respectively. The vein was located lateral to the artery in 24.3% (95%CI= 17.4-32.2) of the studies, anterolateral in 33.8% (95%CI= 26.2-41.4) and anterior in 41.9% (95%CI= 33.9-49.8). The multivariate analysis identified age group (OR= 3.7, 95% CI 2.1-6.4) and, less significantly, the left side (OR= 1.7, 95%CI= 0.8-3.5) and male gender (OR= 1.2, 95%CI= 0.6-2.7) as variables associated with the anterior position of the vein. Conclusión: The anterior position of the internal jugular vein relative to the common carotid artery increases gradually with age. Additionally, left-sided localization and male sex further increased the probability of an anterior position.

Internal jugular dimensions and common carotid overlapping assessed in a cross-sectional study by ultrasonography at three neck levels in healthy volunteers

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Helena Norin ◽  
Andreas Pikwer ◽  
Fredrik Fellert ◽  
Jonas Åkeson
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cervical Level

Background Cannulation of the internal jugular vein may be associated with inadvertent puncture of the common carotid artery. Systematic use of ultrasound guidance has improved clinical success rates and reduced complications, but better knowledge of topographic relationships of the internal jugular vein and common carotid artery is desirable. This preclinical study was designed to determine by ultrasound technique relative topographic characteristics in humans of the internal jugular veins and common carotid arteries at different levels on both sides of the neck. Methods One hundred and twenty healthy volunteers were examined bilaterally by ultrasound at three neck levels with and without contralateral rotation of the head. Twelve digital pictures were recorded and used to determine venous diameters and extents of arteriovenous overlapping in each subject. Results Venous dimensions and arteriovenous overlapping were larger on the right side (p = 0.008) regardless of head rotation at all levels. There was more arteriovenous overlapping with than without rotation at right high- and mid-cervical levels (p<0.001). The only difference between right mid- and low-cervical levels was less arteriovenous overlapping at mid-cervical level without rotation (p = 0.017). The smallest venous dimensions and extent of arteriovenous overlapping were recorded at high-cervical level. Conclusions Despite similar venous dimensions, less arteriovenous overlapping regardless of head rotation at mid-cervical level, together with the pleural proximity at low-cervical level, propose the internal jugular vein to be anatomically (other factors disregarded) favorable for vascular access on the right side, at mid-cervical level, close to the angle between the sternocleidomastoid muscle bellies, and with minimal rotation of the head.

Optimal Puncture Site of the Right Internal Jugular Vein after Laryngeal Mask Airway Placement

2005 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhide Takeyama ◽  
Hiroyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Toshiyasu Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Laryngeal Mask Airway ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
Puncture Site ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner

Background Puncturing of the internal jugular vein (IJV) after placement of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is difficult. Overlapping of the right internal jugular vein (IJV) and common carotid artery (CCA) after placement of an LMA-Classic (Laryngeal Mask Company, Henley-on-Thames, United Kingdom) was investigated using an ultrasound scanner. A study was conducted to determine the optimal puncture site in the case of puncturing the right IJV after LMA-Classic placement. Methods The subjects in this study consisted of 114 patients (60 men and 54 women) scheduled to undergo LMA-Classic placement (size 4 for men and size 3 for women). Overlapping between the IJV and CCA was investigated at three points (high, middle, and low points) on the right side of the neck after LMA-Classic placement. A test puncture was also made at the right low (supraclavicular) point after LMA-Classic placement. Results (1) The degree of overlapping of the right IJV and CCA after LMA-Classic placement was clearly greater than before LMA placement. (2) With the exception of some measurements, there were many cases in which the right IJV and CCA were completely overlapping after LMA-Classic placement. Furthermore, the CCA was not observed in the vicinity of the right IJV at the right low point. (3) There were no complications (including pneumothorax and accidental arterial puncture) during supraclavicular IJV puncture after LMA-Classic placement. Conclusion After placement of the LMA-Classic, overlapping of the IJV and CCA increased at the high and middle puncture points of the IJV; however, at the lower puncture point, the position of the vessels remained unaffected. Therefore, during IJV puncture at high or middle points, ultrasound guidance is advisable to avoid CCA puncture.

Giant Pseudoaneurysm of the Common Carotid Artery Resulting in Stridor

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Vinayak Nilkanth Bapat ◽  
Manish Porwal ◽  
Nandkumar Agrawal ◽  
Anil Gangadhar Tendolkar
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Carotid Angiography ◽  
Direct Puncture ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Giant Pseudoaneurysm

A 39-year-old male underwent an attempted right internal jugular vein cannulation during which the right common carotid artery was punctured. Three months later, the patient presented with dysphagia and breathlessness. Carotid angiography failed to demonstrate the pseudoaneurysm because of intra-aneurysmal clots but it was partially delinated by a direct puncture arteriogram of the swelling. At surgery a pseudoaneurysm measuring 8 × 6 cm was excised and the carotid artery was repaired with a saphenous vein patch.

Relative positions of the right internal jugular vein and the right common carotid artery

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-138125
Author(s):  
Fraser Johnson ◽  
Anthony M-H Ho ◽  
Rene Allard ◽  
Glenio B. Mizubuti
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Reproducibility of Ultrasonographic Measurements of Different Carotid and Femoral Artery Segments in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Increased Intima-Media Thickness

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Smilde ◽  
H. Wollersheim ◽  
H. Van Langen ◽  
A. F. H. Stalenhoef
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Near Wall

1. The reproducibility of measurements of the arterial wall thickness in both the carotid and femoral artery was investigated by means of high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. For this purpose, subjects with normal and increased intima-media thickness were selected. Images were stored on an optical disk and were analysed with a semi-automatic software program by two readers. Individuals were scanned twice by two independent observers. 2. Measurements were performed of the far and near wall of the common carotid artery and bulbous in 30 healthy subjects and 19 patients known to have an increased intima-media thickness. Far-wall measurements were made of the internal carotid artery on both sides and common femoral artery on the right side only. 3. In healthy subjects the mean within-observer coefficient of variation was 1.8% and 3.0% for the far wall in the common carotid artery on the right side and left side, respectively. For the near wall the mean coefficient of variation of the common carotid artery was 2.8% on the right and 3.4% on the left side. The mean coefficient of variation was less than 4% for both far and near wall in the bulbous and far wall in the internal carotid artery. Even in patients with increased intima-media thickness the mean coefficient of variation of each segement was less than 4.5%. In the control subjects the between-observer coefficient of variation of the common carotid artery was 2.8% and 5.1% for the far wall on the right and left side, respectively, and 3.4% and 4.2% for the near wall on the right and left side. In healthy subjects a mean difference of 0.002 mm within observers was found in the right far-wall common carotid artery, with limits of agreement of −0.048 to 0.052 mm. The coefficient of repeatability was 0.050 mm. For patients with increased intima-media thickness the mean difference in this segment was −0.006 mm (−0.094 to 0.082) with a coefficient of repeatability of 0.088 mm. For the near wall in the common carotid artery and far and near wall in the bulbous and internal carotid artery the mean differences were larger, but were all below 0.1 mm. The differences and limits of agreements increased between observers. In patients the between-observer mean difference of the far wall of the common carotid artery was −0.055 mm (−0.255 to 0.145). For the common femoral artery of normal control subjects the within- and between-observer mean differences were 0.005 mm (−0.119 to 0.129) and 0.015 mm (−0.081 to 0.111), respectively. 4. In conclusion, the reproducibility of intima-media thickness measurements in the common carotid artery is reliable, even in patients with increased artery wall thickness. Also in other segments prone to atherosclerosis, such as the bulbous, internal carotid artery and common femoral artery, a good reproducibility was found. To obtain good reproducibility it is highly recommended to use the same ultrasonographer to scan patients in follow-up studies.

scholarly journals Synchronous Carotid Bifurcation Endarterectomy and Retrograde Kissing Stenting of the Innominate and Left Common Carotid Artery in a Patient with a Bovine Aortic Arch

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Robaldo ◽  
Guido Carignano ◽  
Alberto Balderi ◽  
Claudio Novali
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Left Common Carotid Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bovine Aortic Arch ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Management of the symptomatic multiple stenosis of supra-aortic vessels (MSSVs) in a “bovine” aortic arch (BAA) configuration is infrequently reported. The optimal treatment choice remains debatable. A successful hybrid treatment for a proximal critical stenosis of the innominate and left common carotid artery was performed in a high-risk patient with a tandem symptomatic lesion in the right carotid bifurcation and a concentric vulnerable plaque in the bovine trunk. This case supports the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a combined carotid bifurcation endarterectomy and retrograde kissing stenting of common carotid arteries with cerebral protection after evaluation of radiological, anatomical, and clinical parameters.

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