A physiological comparison of young and older endurance athletes

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Heath ◽  
J. M. Hagberg ◽  
A. A. Ehsani ◽  
J. O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Masters Athletes ◽  
O2 Pulse

Sixteen highly trained masters endurance athletes, 59 +/- 6 yr, were compared with 16 young athletes, with whom they were matched on the basis of their training regimens, and with 18 untrained middle-aged men. On echocardiographic evaluation, both groups of athletes had a significantly greater left ventricular volume and mass than the untrained men; their were no significant differences in percent fiber shortening or velocity of fiber shortening among the three groups. Maximum O2 uptake (VO2max) averaged 15% less in the masters than in the young athletes (58.7 vs. 69 ml.kg-1.min-1). When expressed in terms of lean body mass to correct for differences in body fat content, VO2max of the masters athletes was about 60% higher than that of the middle-aged untrained men. Maximum heart rate was 14% lower in the masters athletes than in the young athletes (169 vs. 197 beats/min). The O2 pulse during maximum exercise (i.e., VO2max/heart rate at VO2max) was identical in the masters and young athletes. This finding suggests that the major factor responsible for the lower VO2max of the masters athletes, compared with the young athletes, is their slower heart rate.

Heart rate variability in middle-aged sprint and endurance athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lysleine Alves Deus ◽  
Caio Victor Sousa ◽  
Thiago Santos Rosa ◽  
José Morais Souto Filho ◽  
Patrick Anderson Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Middle Aged

scholarly journals Middle-aged endurance athletes exhibit lower cerebrovascular impedance than sedentary peers

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Jun Sugawara ◽  
Tsubasa Tomoto ◽  
Justin Repshas ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Takashi Tarumi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Harmonic Oscillations ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Impedance modulus in the range of first harmonic oscillations (0.78–1.56 Hz), which reflects heart rate at rest, was lower in middle-aged endurance athletes than in age-matched sedentary peers and was similar to young individuals. Prolonged endurance training is associated with the improved cerebrovascular dampening function in middle-aged adults. Lower cerebrovascular impedance modulus may contribute to maintaining brain perfusion in midlife.

Left ventricular volume changes during supine exercise in young endurance athletes

2003 ◽  
Vol 177 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sundstedt ◽  
T. Jonason ◽  
T. Ahrén ◽  
S. Damm ◽  
L. Wesslén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Volume ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Volume Changes

Cardiac remodeling in middle-aged endurance athletes: relation between signal-averaged electrocardiogram and LV mass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Banks ◽  
Saif Al-Mousawy ◽  
Mustafa A Altaha ◽  
Kaja Koneiczny ◽  
Wesseem Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Electrical Remodeling ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Structural Remodeling ◽  
Endurance Sport ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Qrs Duration

Background: The relationship between structural and electrical remodeling in the heart, particularly after long-standing endurance training, remains unclear. Signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) may provide a more sensitive method to evaluate cardiac remodeling than a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Accurate measures of electrical function (SAECG filtered QRS duration (fQRSd) and late potentials (LP) and left-ventricular mass (cardiac magnetic resonance, CMR) can allow an assessment of structural and electrical remodeling. Methods: Endurance athletes (45-65 years old, >10 years of endurance sport), screened to exclude cardiac disease, had standardized 12-lead ECG, SAECG, resting echocardiogram (ECHO), and CMR performed. SAECG fQRSd was correlated with QRS duration on the 12-lead ECG, and ECHO and CMR-derived left ventricular (LV) mass. Results: Participants (n=82, 67% male, mean age: 54±6 years, mean VO2max: 50±7 ml/kg/min) had a CMR-derived LV mass of 118±28 g/m2 and a fQRSd of 112±8 ms (46% had abnormal fQRSd (>114 msec), and 51% met clinical threshold for abnormal SAECG). fQRSd was positively correlated with the 12-lead ECG QRS duration (r=0.83), ECHO-derived LV mass (r=0.60), CMR-derived LV mass (r=0.58) and LV end-diastolic volume (r=0.63, p<0.001 for all). fQRSd had higher correlations with ECHO and CMR-derived LV mass than 12-lead ECG (p<0.0008 and p<0.0005, respectively). Conclusion: In a healthy cohort of middle-aged endurance athletes, the SAECG is often abnormal by conventional criteria, and is correlated with structural remodeling, but CMR evaluation does not indicate pathologic structural remodeling. SAECG fQRSd is superior to the 12-lead ECG for the electrocardiographic evaluation of LV mass.

Left ventricular hypertrophy in middle-aged endurance athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz A. Małek ◽  
Anna Czajkowska ◽  
Anna Mróz ◽  
Katarzyna Witek ◽  
Marzena Barczuk-Falęcka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Middle Aged

scholarly journals Functional capacity and gender-related differences in Fabry disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Guglielmi ◽  
A Mollo ◽  
F Bandera ◽  
A Camporeale ◽  
M Frigelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Chronotropic Incompetence ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
O2 Pulse

Abstract Background Fabry disease (FD) is a rare x-linked lysosomal storage disease characterized by accumulation of glicosphingolipids in several organs, including the heart. Cardiac involvement manifests as left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, often complicated by myocardial fibrosis. The impact of disease on functional capacity is not well defined, as well as the potential gender-related differences. Aim To evaluate the functional capacity in a cohort of FD patients with different degree of cardiac involvement. Methods Seventy-two patients were prospectively enrolled from March 2015 to December 2019. Patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with cycle ergometer. In addition to standard CPET parameters, Chronotropic Index (CI) was calculated as (HR max − HR rest) / (HR max predicted − HR rest), adjusting with HR max predicted calculated as 119 + (HR rest/2) − (age/2) in case of beta-blockers treatment. Results CMR showed left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy (LV mass greater than normal reference value) in 36.1% of patients, LGE and reduced T1 values were detected in 30.6% and 59.7% of subjects respectively. Twenty-eight patients were males (39%), the median age was 40 (28–54) [median (25th–75th)] years and only 11 (15%) subjects were on beta-blockers. All subjects performed a maximal test [RQ max = 1.21 (1.14–1.26)] using a ramp protocol of 15 (15–20) Watt. The absolute peakVO2 was 18.2 (15.75–24.08) mL/min/kg, whilst the percentage of predicted peakVO2 was 67.7 (57.3–76.6)%. The chronotropic response of the overall population was characterized by reduced peak heart rate (HRmax) [80.3 (73.8–87.6)% of predicted], and diminished chronotropic index (CI) [0.67 (0.55–0.77) normal value: 0.80], but preserved heart rate reserve (HRR) [21 (12–28) bpm]. Ventilatory efficiency was preserved [VE/VCO2 = 25.70 (23.18–28.00)]. At gender analysis, men showed higher absolute peakVO2 [men vs females: 19.95 (17.20–28.28) vs 17.80 (15.50–21.28) mL/min/kg, p=0.02] but lower percentage of predicted [64.24 (52.58–70.61) vs 70.75 (59.05–78.02)%, p&lt;0.001] than females. No differences between genders were observed in chronotropic response [HRmax = 138 (108–154) vs 142 (135–153) bpm, p=0.38; HRR = 22 (13–36) vs 20 (11–26), p=0.097; CI: 0.67 (0.51–0.76) vs 0.67 (0.58–0.79), p=0.33], whilst females showed a lower peak O2 pulse (VO2/HR) than males [men vs females: 12.08 (10.04–13.64) vs 7.76 (6.88–9.22), p&lt;0.001], possibly related to gender differences in LV dimensions and stroke volume. Conclusions This large cohort of FD patients with different degree of cardiac involvement showed a significantly impaired functional capacity, mainly characterized by relevant chronotropic incompetence (independent from the use of beta-blockers), consistent with systemic autonomic dysfunction. The degree of chronotropic incompetence was similar between the genders, but females showed higher predicted peakVO2 despite a lower peak O2 pulse. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals Predictive factors of cardiovascular changes depending on the type and intensity of physical activity in professional athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 4647
Author(s):  
N. P Garganeeva ◽  
I. F. Taminova ◽  
V. V. Kalyuzhin ◽  
E. V Kalyuzhina ◽  
I. N. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Cardiovascular Changes

Aim. To determine the early predictive factors of cardiovascular changes in professional athletes, depending on the type and intensity of physical activity.Material and methods. A total of 136 male athletes were examined. Of these, 116 were professional athletes (age, 22,07±4,1 years) as follows: freestyle wrestling, judo (n=30), cross-country skiing, biathlon (n=27), powerlifting (n=33), volleyball (n=26). Control group included 20 athletes (age, 17,95±1,5 years) with a history of training less than 3 years. All participants underwent electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, cycle ergometry (CE) with assessment of physical performance at a heart rate of 170 bpm (PWC170) and maximum oxygen consumption (MOC). When creating predictive models of early cardiovascular changes, we used logistic regression, stepwise regression and Wald statistics. Differences were considered significant at p<0,05.Results. Predictive models of logistic regression using ROC analysis showed high sensitivity and specificity, a high percentage of correct predictions using data from echocardiography — 86,8%, CE — 80,9%, ECG and other indicators — 83,1%. A stepwise algorithm was used to select prognostic factors determining early cardiovascular changes in young athletes, depending on the stage of sports training, the intensity and type of dynamic and/or static exercise: left ventricular posterior wall thickness (p=0,008), left ventricular mass (p=0,001), stroke volume (p=0,002), end-systolic volume (p=0,001), PWC170 (p=0,025), MOC (p=0,003), recovery time of heart rate (HR) (p=0,029) and blood pressure (p=0,032) after submaximal exercise on a cycle ergometer, body mass index (p=0,029), heart rate (p=0,034), office systolic blood pressure (p=0,009), intraventricular (bundle) block (p=0,046), left ventricular repolarization abnormalities (p=0,010), mild cardiac connective tissue anomalies (p=0,035).Conclusion. The early prognostic factors established by the logistic regression affect the characteristics and risk of cardiovascular changes in each group of young athletes. This demonstrates the need to develop individual medical support programs, further monitoring, evaluation, correction and prevention of identified disorders, taking into account the type of sports, intensity and exercise.

P3511Gender differences in electrocardiographic risk markers of heart failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M A E Haukilahti ◽  
T V Kentta ◽  
J Tikkanen ◽  
O Anttonen ◽  
A Aro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Western World ◽  
Mobile Clinic ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
T Wave

Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) is one the leading causes of hospitalization in the Western world. Women have a lower rate of HF hospitalization and mortality compared to men. Role of 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) as a risk marker of future HF in women is not well known. Purpose We studied the association of standard 12-lead ECG and clinical risk factors to HF hospitalization in women and in men separately from a large middle aged general population sample with a long-term follow-up. Methods Standard 12-lead ECG markers were analyzed from 10,864 subjects (48.8% women, N=5,215) of the prospective Mobile Clinic Study, and their predictive value for HF hospitalization was analyzed. Results During the follow-up (29.6±11.2 yrs.), a total of 1,743 subjects had HF hospitalization; out of these, 861 were women (49.4%). Several baseline characteristics, such as age, body mass index, blood pressure, and history of prior cardiac disease predicted the occurrence of HF both in women and men (P<0.001 for all). After adjusting for baseline variables, ECG sign of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (P<0.001), and atrial fibrillation (P<0.001) were the only baseline ECG variables that predicted the future HF in women. In men, HF was predicted by fast heart rate (P=0.008), T wave inversions (P<0.001), abnormal Q waves (P=0.002), and atrial fibrillation (P<0.001). Statistically significant gender interactions in prediction of HF were observed in ECG sign of LVH (P<0.001), inferolateral T wave inversions (P=0.005), and heart rate (P=0.012). Conclusions ECG sign of LVH predicts future HF in middle-aged women independently, and T wave inversions and elevated heart rate are associated with HF hospitalization in men in. Acknowledgement/Funding Finnish Cultural Foundation, The University of Oulu Scholarship Foundation, Juho Vainio Foundation

'Athlete's Heart' in Prepubertal Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-804
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Rowland ◽  
Brian C. Delaney ◽  
Steven F. Siconolfi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Left Ventricular Volume ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Athlete’S Heart ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Routine Clinical Examination ◽  
Ecg Alterations ◽  
Athlete's Heart

Bradycardia, cardiomegaly, heart murmurs, and ECG changes are typically observed in adult endurance athletes, but frequency of such changes among children involved in sports training is unclear. Pediatricians need to be aware of whether these features of the " athlete's heart" occur in their patients, because such features may mimic those of cardiac disease. Fourteen prepubertal competitive male swimmers were evaluated by physical examination, ECG and echocardiogram, and findings were compared to those of a group of active but nontrained control boys. Lower resting heart rates and echocardiographic manifestations of chronic left ventricular volume overload were observed among the swimmers. These changes were not manifest on physical examination, however, and no significant ECG alterations were identified among the athletes. These findings indicate that, although features of the athlete's heart are present in children involved in endurance training, seldom will these findings simulate heart disease or be apparent on routine clinical examination.

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